Kant And Parfit

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Kant and Parfit

Author : Husain Sarkar
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042978743X
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Kant and Parfit by : Husain Sarkar

Download or read book Kant and Parfit written by Husain Sarkar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derek Parfit’s On What Matters is widely recognized as elegant, profound, and destined to change the landscape of moral philosophy. In Volume One, Parfit argues that the distinct—indeed, powerfully conflicting—theories of deontology and contractualism can be woven together in a way so as to yield utilitarian conclusions. Husain Sarkar in this book calls this, The Ultimate Derivation. Sarkar argues, however, that this derivation is untenable. To underwrite this conclusion, this book traverses considerable Parfitian terrain. Sarkar shows why Parfit hasn’t quite solved what Sidgwick had called "the profoundest problem in ethics"; he offers a reading of Kant, Rawls, and Scanlon that reveals Parfit’s keen utilitarian bias; and he demonstrates why Parfit’s Triple Theory does not succeed in its task of unifying conflicting moral theories (without making substantial utilitarian assumptions). The final chapter of the book is about meta-ethics. It shows that Parfit’s Convergence Principle is mistaken even though it unveils Parfit’s utterly humane concerns: Moral philosophers are not, as Parfit thinks, climbing the same mountain. But for all that, Sarkar maintains, Parfit’s book is arguably the greatest consequential tract in the history of moral philosophy.

On What Matters

Author : Derek Parfit
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191613452
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis On What Matters by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book On What Matters written by Derek Parfit and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On What Matters is a major work in moral philosophy. It is the long-awaited follow-up to Derek Parfit's 1984 book Reasons and Persons, one of the landmarks of twentieth-century philosophy. Parfit now presents a powerful new treatment of reasons, rationality, and normativity, and a critical examination of three systematic moral theories - Kant's ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism - leading to his own ground-breaking synthetic conclusion. Along the way he discusses a wide range of moral issues, such as the significance of consent, treating people as a means rather than an end, and free will and responsibility. On What Matters is already the most-discussed work in moral philosophy: its publication is likely to establish it as a modern classic which everyone working on moral philosophy will have to read, and which many others will turn to for stimulation and illumination. The second volume of Derek Parfit's magnum opus is in four parts. The first presents critiques of his work by four of the world's leading moral philosophers. The second contains his responses. The third and longest part is a self-contained monograph by Parfit on normativity. The final part comprises seven new essays by Parfit on Kant, reasons, irrationality, autonomy - and why the universe exists.

On What Matters

Author : Derek Parfit
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191084379
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis On What Matters by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book On What Matters written by Derek Parfit and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-09 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derek Parfit presents the third volume of On What Matters, his landmark work of moral philosophy. Parfit develops further his influential treatment of reasons, normativity, the meaning of moral discourse, and the status of morality. He engages with his critics, and shows the way to resolution of their differences. This volume is partly about what it is for things to matter, in the sense that we all have reasons to care about these things. Much of the book discusses three of the main kinds of meta-ethical theory: Normative Naturalism, Quasi-Realist Expressivism, and Non-Metaphysical Non-Naturalism, which Derek Parfit now calls Non-Realist Cognitivism. This third theory claims that, if we use the word 'reality' in an ontologically weighty sense, irreducibly normative truths have no mysterious or incredible ontological implications. If instead we use 'reality' in a wide sense, according to which all truths are truths about reality, this theory claims that some non-empirically discoverable truths-such as logical, mathematical, modal, and some normative truths-raise no difficult ontological questions. Parfit discusses these theories partly by commenting on the views of some of the contributors to Peter Singer's collection Does Anything Really Matter? Parfit on Objectivity. Though Peter Railton is a Naturalist, he has widened his view by accepting some further claims, and he has suggested that this wider version of Naturalism could be combined with Non-Realist Cognitivism. Parfit argues that Railton is right, since these theories no longer deeply disagree. Though Allan Gibbard is a Quasi-Realist Expressivist, he has suggested that the best version of his view could be combined with Non-Realist Cognitivism. Parfit argues that Gibbard is right, since Gibbard and he now accept the other's main meta-ethical claim. It is rare for three such different philosophical theories to be able to be widened in ways that resolve their deepest disagreements. This happy convergence supports the view that these meta-ethical theories are true. Parfit also discusses the views of several other philosophers, and some other meta-ethical and normative questions.

On what Matters

Author : Derek Parfit
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198778600
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis On what Matters by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book On what Matters written by Derek Parfit and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On What Matters is a major work in moral philosophy. It is the long-awaited follow-up to Derek Parfit's 1984 book Reasons and Persons, one of the landmarks of twentieth-century philosophy. Parfit now presents a powerful new treatment of reasons, rationality, and normativity, and a critical examination of three systematic moral theories - Kant's ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism - leading to his own ground-breaking synthetic conclusion. Along the way he discusses a wide range of moral issues, such as the significance of consent, treating people as a means rather than an end, and free will and responsibility. On What Matters is already the most-discussed work in moral philosophy: its publication is likely to establish it as a modern classic which everyone working on moral philosophy will have to read, and which many others will turn to for stimulation and illumination.

On What Matters

Author : Derek Parfit
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191613460
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis On What Matters by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book On What Matters written by Derek Parfit and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On What Matters is a major work in moral philosophy. It is the long-awaited follow-up to Derek Parfit's 1984 book Reasons and Persons, one of the landmarks of twentieth-century philosophy. In this first volume Parfit presents a powerful new treatment of reasons and rationality, and a critical examination of three systematic moral theories — Kant's ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism — leading to his own ground-breaking synthetic conclusion. Along the way he discusses a wide range of moral issues, such as the significance of consent, treating people as a means rather than an end, and free will and responsibility. On What Matters is already the most-discussed work in moral philosophy: its publication is likely to establish it as a modern classic which everyone working on moral philosophy will have to read, and which many others will turn to for stimulation and illumination.

On What Matters

Author : Derek Parfit
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019957281X
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis On What Matters by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book On What Matters written by Derek Parfit and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the follow-up to Derek Parfit's 1984 book 'Reasons and Persons'. Parfit presents a powerful new treatment of reasons, rationality, and normativity, and a critical examination of three systematic moral theories - Kant's ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism - leading to his own ground-breaking synthetic conclusion.

Essays on Derek Parfit's On What Matters

Author : Jussi Suikkanen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9781444322897
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (228 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Derek Parfit's On What Matters by : Jussi Suikkanen

Download or read book Essays on Derek Parfit's On What Matters written by Jussi Suikkanen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-15 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Essays on Derek Parfit's On What Matters, seven leadingmoral philosophers offer critical evaluations of the central ideaspresented in a greatly anticipated new work by world-renowned moralphilosopher Derek Parfit. Presents critical assessments of what promises to be one of thekey moral philosophy texts of our time Features essays by a team of leading philosophers includingPrinceton's Michael Smith, one of the world's leadingmeta-ethicists Addresses Parfit's central thesis - that the main ethicaltheories can agree on what matters - as well as his defense ofmoral realism

Means, Ends, and Persons

Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190251557
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Means, Ends, and Persons by : Robert Audi

Download or read book Means, Ends, and Persons written by Robert Audi and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2016 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a full-scale account of the morally important ideas of treating persons merely as means and treating them as ends. Audi clarifies these independently of Kant, but with implications for understanding him, and presents a theory of conduct that enhances their usefulness both in ethical theory and in practical ethics.

On What Matters

Author : Derek Parfit
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019162022X
Total Pages : 2369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis On What Matters by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book On What Matters written by Derek Parfit and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 2369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On What Matters is a major work in moral philosophy. It is the long-awaited follow-up to Derek Parfit's 1984 book Reasons and Persons, one of the landmarks of twentieth-century philosophy. Parfit now presents a powerful new treatment of reasons, rationality, and normativity, and a critical examination of three systematic moral theories - Kant's ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism - leading to his own ground-breaking synthetic conclusion. Along the way he discusses a wide range of moral issues, such as the significance of consent, treating people as a means rather than an end, and free will and responsibility. On What Matters is already the most-discussed work in moral philosophy: its publication is likely to establish it as a modern classic which everyone working on moral philosophy will have to read, and which many others will turn to for stimulation and illumination.

Reasons and Persons

Author : Derek Parfit
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191622443
Total Pages : 880 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasons and Persons by : Derek Parfit

Download or read book Reasons and Persons written by Derek Parfit and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1986-01-23 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges, with several powerful arguments, some of our deepest beliefs about rationality, morality, and personal identity. The author claims that we have a false view of our own nature; that it is often rational to act against our own best interests; that most of us have moral views that are directly self-defeating; and that, when we consider future generations the conclusions will often be disturbing. He concludes that moral non-religious moral philosophy is a young subject, with a promising but unpredictable future.

Kantian Consequentialism

Author : David Cummiskey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198025467
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Kantian Consequentialism by : David Cummiskey

Download or read book Kantian Consequentialism written by David Cummiskey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-18 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central problem for normative ethics is the conflict between a consequentialist view--that morality requires promoting the good of all--and a belief that the rights of the individual place significant constraints on what may be done to help others. Standard interpretations see Kant as rejecting all forms of consequentialism, and defending a theory which is fundamentally duty-based and agent-centered. Certain actions, like sacrificing the innocent, are categorically forbidden. In this original and controversial work, Cummiskey argues that there is no defensible basis for this view, that Kant's own arguments actually entail a consequentialist conclusion. But this new form of consequentialism which follows from Kant's theories has a distinctly Kantian tone. The capacity of rational action is prior to the value of happiness; thus providing justification for the view that rational nature is more important than mere pleasures and pains.

Creating the Kingdom of Ends

Author : Christine M. Korsgaard
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521499620
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Creating the Kingdom of Ends by : Christine M. Korsgaard

Download or read book Creating the Kingdom of Ends written by Christine M. Korsgaard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-07-28 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christine Korsgaard has become one of the leading interpreters of Kant's moral philosophy. She is identified with a small group of philosophers who are intent on producing a version of Kant's moral philosophy that is at once sensitive to its historical roots while revealing its particular relevance to contemporary problems. She rejects the traditional picture of Kant's ethics as a cold vision of the moral life which emphasises duty at the expense of love and value. Rather, Kant's work is seen as providing a resource for addressing not only the metaphysics of morals, but also for tackling practical questions about personal relations, politics, and everyday human interaction. This collection contains some of the finest current work on Kant's ethics and will command the attention of all those involved in teaching and studying moral theory.

Kant’s Theory of the Self

Author : Arthur Melnick
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135846464
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Kant’s Theory of the Self by : Arthur Melnick

Download or read book Kant’s Theory of the Self written by Arthur Melnick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-12-21 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melnick explains the "third status" of the self by identifying it with intellectual action that does not arise in the progression of attending (and so is not appearance), but accompanies and unifies inner attending. As so accompanying, it progresses with that attending and is therefore temporal--not a thing in itself.

Revisiting Kant's Universal Law and Humanity Formulas

Author : Sven Nyholm
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110401320
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Revisiting Kant's Universal Law and Humanity Formulas by : Sven Nyholm

Download or read book Revisiting Kant's Universal Law and Humanity Formulas written by Sven Nyholm and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers new readings of Kant’s “universal law” and “humanity” formulations of the categorical imperative. It shows how, on these readings, the formulas do indeed turn out being alternative statements of the same basic moral law, and in the process responds to many of the standard objections raised against Kant’s theory. Its first chapter briefly explores the ways in which Kant draws on his philosophical predecessors such as Plato (and especially Plato’s Republic) and Jean-Jacque Rousseau. The second chapter offers a new reading of the relation between the universal law and humanity formulas by relating both of these to a third formula of Kant’s, viz. the “law of nature” formula, and also to Kant’s ideas about laws in general and human nature in particular. The third chapter considers and rejects some influential recent attempts to understand Kant’s argument for the humanity formula, and offers an alternative reconstruction instead. Chapter four considers what it is to flourish as a human being in line with Kant’s basic formulas of morality, and argues that the standard readings of the humanity formula cannot properly account for its relation to Kant’s views about the highest human good.

Does Anything Really Matter?

Author : Peter Singer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191084395
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Does Anything Really Matter? by : Peter Singer

Download or read book Does Anything Really Matter? written by Peter Singer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first two volumes of On What Matters Derek Parfit argues that there are objective moral truths, and other normative truths about what we have reasons to believe, and to want, and to do. He thus challenges a view of the role of reason in action that can be traced back to David Hume, and is widely assumed to be correct, not only by philosophers but also by economists. In defending his view, Parfit argues that if there are no objective normative truths, nihilism follows, and nothing matters. He criticizes, often forcefully, many leading contemporary philosophers working on the nature of ethics, including Simon Blackburn, Stephen Darwall, Allen Gibbard, Frank Jackson, Peter Railton, Mark Schroeder, Michael Smith, and Sharon Street. Does Anything Really Matter? gives these philosophers an opportunity to respond to Parfit's criticisms, and includes essays on Parfit's views by Richard Chappell, Andrew Huddleston, Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek and Peter Singer, Bruce Russell, and Larry Temkin. A third volume of On What Matters, in which Parfit engages with his critics and breaks new ground in finding significant agreement between his own views and theirs, is appearing as a separate companion volume.

Kant’s Theory of the Self

Author : Arthur Melnick
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135846456
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Kant’s Theory of the Self by : Arthur Melnick

Download or read book Kant’s Theory of the Self written by Arthur Melnick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-12-21 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The self for Kant is something real, and yet is neither appearance nor thing in itself, but rather has some third status. Appearances for Kant arise in space and time where these are respectively forms of outer and inner attending (intuition). Melnick explains the "third status" by identifying the self with intellectual action that does not arise in the progression of attending (and so is not appearance), but accompanies and unifies inner attending. As so accompanying, it progresses with that attending and is therefore temporal--not a thing in itself. According to Melnick, the distinction between the self or the subject and its thoughts is a distinction wholly within intellectual action; only such a non-entitative view of the self is consistent with Kant’s transcendental idealism. As Melnick demonstrates in this volume, this conception of the self clarifies all of Kant’s main discussions of this issue in the Transcendental Deduction and the Paralogisms of Pure Reason.

How to Treat Persons

Author : Samuel J. Kerstein
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191652415
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Treat Persons by : Samuel J. Kerstein

Download or read book How to Treat Persons written by Samuel J. Kerstein and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samuel J. Kerstein develops a new, broadly Kantian account of the ethical issues that arise when a person treats another merely as a means, that is, 'just uses' the other and thereby acts wrongly. He takes his inspiration from Immanuel Kant's 'Formula of Humanity', which commands that we treat persons never merely as means but always as ends in themselves, and then develops the ideas suggested by the Formula into clear moral principles. Kerstein questions the plausibility of an orthodox Kantian account of the dignity of persons, before going on to develop a new, detailed account of his own. Kerstein's second main goal is to show how the Kantian principles he develops shed light on pressing issues in bioethics. He investigates how, morally speaking, scarce resources such as flu vaccine ought to be distributed—and he argues that allocating such resources in order to maximize benefits can be inconsistent with respecting persons' dignity. The book explores the morality of regulated markets in organs, and contends that in many contexts, buying organs from live 'donors' fails to honour their dignity. Finally, it probes the ethics of conducting research on 'anonymized' biological samples, and of conducting placebo-controlled pharmaceutical trials in developing countries. How to Treat Persons champions the view that even if an agent gets another's voluntary, informed consent to use parts of his body for transplantation or medical research, she might nevertheless be treating him merely as a means or failing to respect his dignity.