Just From Kentucky

Download Just From Kentucky full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Just From Kentucky ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Kentucky Bourbon

Author : Henry G. Crowgey
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813144167
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Kentucky Bourbon by : Henry G. Crowgey

Download or read book Kentucky Bourbon written by Henry G. Crowgey and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2013-04-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bourbon whiskey is perhaps Kentucky's most distinctive product. Despite bourbon's prominence in the social and economic life of the Bluegrass state, many myths and legends surround its origins. In Kentucky Bourbon, Henry C. Crowgey claims that distilled spirits and pioneer settlement went hand in hand; Isaac Shelby, the state's first governor, was among Kentucky's pioneer distillers. Crowgey traces the drink's history from its beginnings as a cottage industry to steam-based commercial operations in the period just before the Civil War. From "spirited" camp meetings, to bourbon's use as a medium of exchange for goods and services, to the industry's coming of age in the mid-nineteenth century, the story of Kentucky bourbon is a fascinating chapter in the state's early history.

The Kentucky Bourbon Cookbook

Author : Albert W. A. Schmid
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813173744
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Kentucky Bourbon Cookbook by : Albert W. A. Schmid

Download or read book The Kentucky Bourbon Cookbook written by Albert W. A. Schmid and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2010-05-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once relegated to an annual appearance in a Kentucky Derby Mint Julep, bourbon has enjoyed a steady resurgence in popularity to claim a wide international audience. Yet despite its global appeal, bourbon remains a quintessentially Kentucky creation and a uniquely American spirit. Bourbon's popularity is matched only by its versatility. In The Kentucky Bourbon Cookbook, master chef Albert Schmid presents more than fifty recipes that feature Kentucky's signature spirit in entrees, soups, desserts, and much more. From the classic Manhattan cocktail to Bourbon-Pecan Crème Brulée with Chocolate Sauce, The Kentucky Bourbon Cookbook unlocks the culinary potential of this beloved spirit, allowing this special whiskey to enhance the flavors of every meal. More than just a collection of recipes, The Kentucky Bourbon Cookbook is peppered with bourbon lore and Kentucky history, as well as stories and personal anecdotes to accompany the meals. The cookbook is organized by season to emphasize the importance of fresh ingredients and context in dining. Blending time-honored traditions with new approaches, Chef Schmid creates a diverse collection of exciting bourbon recipes for any occasion. Beautifully illustrated with more than a dozen color photos, The Kentucky Bourbon Cookbook introduces a variety of ways to use one of Kentucky's most famed exports to spice any dessert, compliment any entrée, or complete any cocktail.

Kentucky Bourbon Country

Author : Susan Reigler
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813180309
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Kentucky Bourbon Country by : Susan Reigler

Download or read book Kentucky Bourbon Country written by Susan Reigler and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like wine lovers who dream of traveling to Bordeaux or beer enthusiasts with visions of the breweries of Belgium, bourbon lovers plan their pilgrimages to Kentucky. Some of the most famous distilleries are tucked away in the scenic Bluegrass region, which is home to nearly seventy distilleries and responsible for 95 percent of all of America's bourbon production. Locals and tourists alike continue to seek out the world's finest whiskeys in Kentucky as interest in America's only native spirit continues to grow. In Kentucky Bourbon Country, now in its third edition, Susan Reigler offers updated, essential information and practical advice to anyone considering a trip to the state's distilleries (including the state's booming craft distillery sector) or the restaurants and bars on the Urban Bourbon Trail. Featuring more than two hundred full-color photographs and a bourbon glossary, the book is organized by region and provides valuable details about the Bluegrass—including attractions near each distillery and notes on restaurants, lodging, shopping, and seasonal events in Kentucky's beautiful historic towns. In addition to providing knowledge about each point of interest, Kentucky Bourbon Country weaves in little-known facts about the region's best-kept secrets, such as the historic distillery used as a set in the movie Stripes and the fates of used bourbon barrels. Whether you're interested in visiting the place where your favorite bourbon is made or hoping to discover exciting new varieties, this handy and practical guide is the key to enjoying the best of bourbon.

Bourbon

Author : Clay Risen
Publisher : Ten Speed Press
ISBN 13 : 1984858289
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Bourbon by : Clay Risen

Download or read book Bourbon written by Clay Risen and published by Ten Speed Press. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A visually stunning illustrated guide to the history, craft, and appreciation of Kentucky bourbon Bourbon, we soon realized, was not just a good drink. It was a drink with a story, from a place, with an unbreakable tie to the people and the land that produced it. Whiskey expert Clay Risen explores the origins, history, and evolution of America’s distilling craft and culture in this luxurious boxed set. From boom to bust and back again, Risen tells the engrossing story of Kentucky whiskey, using interviews, photographs, and archival material to illuminate the singular region where bourbon was born. This meticulously researched book details how bourbon is made, how best to enjoy it, and how to build your own collection, along with profiles of the distilleries and makers that form the landscape of bourbon country.

Just a Few Miles South

Author : Ouita Michel
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 1950564118
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Just a Few Miles South by : Ouita Michel

Download or read book Just a Few Miles South written by Ouita Michel and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For twenty years, diners in the Bluegrass have been able to satisfy their cravings for Ouita Michel's sustainable, farm-to-table cuisine at her many acclaimed restaurants. Each restaurant—from Wallace Station to Holly Hill Inn—features dishes that combine Kentucky's bounty with Michel's celebrated vision. Diners can enjoy traditional southern staples like buttermilk biscuits, country ham, and Po-Boy sandwiches, or opt for unique variations on international favorites and American classics. Now, readers around the country can experience what makes Ouita Michel a culinary and cultural treasure. Just a Few Miles South serves up the recipes that patrons of Michel's restaurants have come to know and love, including the Bluegrass Benedict breakfast sandwich, Ouita's Sardou Panini, Wallace Station's Creamy Chicken and Mushroom Soup, and Honeywood's Hoecake Burger. Some dishes offer creative twists on classics, like the Inside Out Hot Brown, the Wallace Cubano, or the Bourbon Banh Mi. Throughout, the chefs responsible for these delicious creations share the rich traditions and stories behind the recipes. When you can't get down to your favorite place, this book will help you bring home the aroma, the flavors, and the love of fresh foods made with locally sourced ingredients—and share it all with friends and family.

A Concise History of Kentucky

Author : James Klotter
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813129257
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Concise History of Kentucky by : James Klotter

Download or read book A Concise History of Kentucky written by James Klotter and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2010-09-12 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kentucky is most commonly associated with horses, tobacco fields, bourbon, and coal mines. There is much more to the state, though, than stories of feuding families and Colonel Sanders’ famous fried chicken. Kentucky has a rich and often compelling history, and James C. Klotter and Freda C. Klotter introduce readers to an exciting story that spans 12,000 years, looking at the lives of Kentuckians from Native Americans to astronauts. The Klotters examine all aspects of the state’s history—its geography, government, social life, cultural achievements, education, and economy. A Concise History of Kentucky recounts the events of the deadly frontier wars of the state’s early history, the divisive Civil War, and the shocking assassination of a governor in 1900. The book tells of Kentucky’s leaders from Daniel Boone and Henry Clay to Abraham Lincoln, Mary Breckinridge, and Muhammad Ali. The authors also highlight the lives of Kentuckians, both famous and ordinary, to give a voice to history. The Klotters explore Kentuckians’ accomplishments in government, medicine, politics, and the arts. They describe the writing and music that flowered across the state, and they profile the individuals who worked to secure equal rights for women and African Americans. The book explains what it was like to work in the coal mines and explains the daily routine on a nineteenth-century farm. The authors bring Kentucky’s story to the twenty-first century and talk about the state’s modern economy, where auto manufacturing jobs are replacing traditional agricultural work. A collaboration of the state historian and an experienced educator, A Concise History of Kentucky is the best single resource for Kentuckians new and old who want to learn more about the past, present, and future of the Bluegrass State.

Kentucky Bourbon Whiskey

Author : Michael R. Veach
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813141710
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Kentucky Bourbon Whiskey by : Michael R. Veach

Download or read book Kentucky Bourbon Whiskey written by Michael R. Veach and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2013-03-22 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 4, 1964, Congress designated bourbon as a distinctive product of the United States, and it remains the only spirit produced in this country to enjoy such protection. Its history stretches back almost to the founding of the nation and includes many colorful characters, both well known and obscure, from the hatchet-wielding prohibitionist Carry Nation to George Garvin Brown, who in 1872 created Old Forester, the first bourbon to be sold only by the bottle. Although obscured by myth, the history of bourbon reflects the history of our nation. Historian Michael R. Veach reveals the true story of bourbon in Kentucky Bourbon Whiskey. Starting with the Whiskey Rebellion of the 1790s, he traces the history of this unique beverage through the Industrial Revolution, the Civil War, Prohibition, the Great Depression, and up to the present. Veach explores aspects of bourbon that have been ignored by others, including the technology behind its production, the effects of the Pure Food and Drug Act, and how Prohibition contributed to the Great Depression. The myths surrounding bourbon are legion, but Veach separates fact from legend. While the true origin of the spirit may never be known for certain, he proposes a compelling new theory. With the explosion of super-premium bourbons and craft distilleries and the establishment of the Kentucky Bourbon Trail, interest in bourbon has never been higher. Veach shines a light on its pivotal place in our national heritage, presenting the most complete and wide-ranging history of bourbon available.

Bourbon Justice

Author : Brian F. Haara
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1640124276
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Bourbon Justice by : Brian F. Haara

Download or read book Bourbon Justice written by Brian F. Haara and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2021-07 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brian Haara recounts the development of commercial laws that guided the United States from an often reckless laissez-faire mentality, through the growing pains of industrialization, past the overcorrection of Prohibition, and into its final state as a nation of laws.

Water in Kentucky

Author : Brian D. Lee
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813168708
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Water in Kentucky by : Brian D. Lee

Download or read book Water in Kentucky written by Brian D. Lee and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2017-07-07 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Home to sprawling Appalachian forests, rolling prairies, and the longest cave system in the world, Kentucky is among the most ecologically diverse states in the nation. Lakes, rivers, and springs have shaped and nourished life in the Commonwealth for centuries, and water has played a pivotal role in determining Kentucky's physical, cultural, and economic landscapes. The management and preservation of this precious natural resource remain a priority for the state's government and citizens. In this generously illustrated book, experts from a variety of fields explain how water has defined regions across the Commonwealth. Together, they illuminate the ways in which this resource has affected the lives of Kentuckians since the state's settlement, exploring the complex relationship among humans, landscapes, and waterways. They examine topics such as water quality, erosion and sediment control, and emerging water management approaches. Through detailed analysis and case studies, the contributors offer scholars, practitioners, policy makers, and general readers a wide perspective on the state's valuable water resources.

Kentucky Book of the Dead

Author : Keven McQueen
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1614234388
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (142 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Kentucky Book of the Dead by : Keven McQueen

Download or read book Kentucky Book of the Dead written by Keven McQueen and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-07 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illustrated compendium by the author of Horror in the Heartland reveals macabre tales of death, hauntings and unexplained events in Kentucky’s past. Author Keven McQueen specializes in uncovering local legends, strange-but-true incidents, and outright hoaxes that newspapers of the past found fit to print. In his Kentucky Book of the Dead, McQueen resurrects creepy stories of life and death in the Bluegrass State, each presented with commentary as well as line drawing by illustrator Kyle McQueen. In these pages, readers will discover the Grim Reaper's creative side, meet the disgusting ghosts of Louisville, and find out more than they to know about old-fashioned embalming techniques. Kentucky Book of the Dead is by turns spine-tingling and entertaining, engrossing and just plain gross

A New History of Kentucky

Author : Lowell H. Harrison
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 081313708X
Total Pages : 1119 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A New History of Kentucky by : Lowell H. Harrison

Download or read book A New History of Kentucky written by Lowell H. Harrison and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 1997-03-27 with total page 1119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive history of the state since the publication of Thomas D. Clark's landmark History of Kentucky over sixty years ago. A New History of Kentucky brings the Commonwealth to life, from Pikeville to the Purchase, from Covington to Corbin, this account reveals Kentucky's many faces and deep traditions. Lowell Harrison, professor emeritus of history at Western Kentucky University, is the author of many books, including George Rogers Clark and the War in the West, The Civil War in Kentucky, Kentucky's Road to Statehood, Lincoln of Kentucky, and Kentucky's Governors.

Bourbon Whiskey

Author : Bernie Lubbers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781681570037
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Bourbon Whiskey by : Bernie Lubbers

Download or read book Bourbon Whiskey written by Bernie Lubbers and published by . This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Take a whirlwind trip down the Bourbon Trail with Whiskey Professor, Bernie Lubbers and learn about our nations native spirit. In the pages of this funny and easy-to-read book, youll learn how bourbon is made, the history of bourbon in Kentucky, America, and the world, the difference between whiskey and bourbon, and how to read labels of bourbon and whiskey bottles. Included is an updated and expanded guide to where to go to visit the Kentucky distilleries as well as other bars, restaurants and hotels nearby to make the most of your visit. There is also a guide to Louisvilles Urban Bourbon Trail. Readers will find an expanded section on drinks and recipes to make with bourbon at home, and how to host your own bourbon tasting. Also new is a whos who of the names on bourbon labels, a history of the evolution of the drink from corn whiskey to bourbon whiskey, hints on how to host a Kentucky Derby party in your home (with accompanying bourbon recipes), a list of approved bottled in bond restaurants in the United States, and lots of new facts and trivia about this uniquely American beverage. Just like a fine dream, drinkers will savor Bernie Lubbers Bourbon Whiskey. Its a personal and very enjoyable guide to Americas native spirit.

The Social History of Bourbon

Author : Gerald Carson
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813140005
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Social History of Bourbon by : Gerald Carson

Download or read book The Social History of Bourbon written by Gerald Carson and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high-spirited history of the role bourbon has played in American life and culture, “documented and full of folklore” (Kirkus Reviews). The distinctive beverage of the Western world, bourbon is Kentucky’s illustrious gift to the nation. While much has been written about whiskey, the particular place of bourbon in the American cultural record has long awaited detailed and objective presentation. A fascinating and informative contribution to Americana, The Social History of Bourbon reflects an aspect of our national cultural identity that has been widely overlooked. Gerald Carson explores the impact of the liquor’s presence during America’s early development, as well as bourbon’s role in some of the more dramatic events in American history, including the Whiskey Rebellion, the scandals of the Whiskey Ring, and the “whiskey forts” of the fur trade. From moonshiners to the Civil War to Old West saloons and the privations of Prohibition, The Social History of Bourbon is a revealing look at the role of this classic beverage in the development of American manners and culture. “Goes into the families and personalities of bourbon’s early history and does so with humor . . . a great cause to raise a glass.” ―Rowley’s Whiskey Forge

Big Whiskey (The Revised Second Edition)

Author : Carlo DeVito
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1646430964
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (464 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Big Whiskey (The Revised Second Edition) by : Carlo DeVito

Download or read book Big Whiskey (The Revised Second Edition) written by Carlo DeVito and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated edition of Big Whiskey, the definitive guide to the American Whiskey Trail. This updated edition of the definitive guide to the American Whiskey Trail is comprehensive collection of the whiskey, bourbon, and rye made by the best distillers in Kentucky and Tennessee. Full color images throughout showcase each and every bottle and label, behind-the-scenes images, and the beauty of the Whiskey Trail. Interviews with renowned distillers provide incredible insight into how whiskey is made. Locals and tourists alike will discover new distillers and expressions that are sure to satisfy any and all tastes. Big Whiskey is the perfect gift for the whiskey lover in your life.

The Birds of Kentucky

Author : Burt L. Monroe Jr.
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 081315166X
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Birds of Kentucky by : Burt L. Monroe Jr.

Download or read book The Birds of Kentucky written by Burt L. Monroe Jr. and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book of its kind to be published for the Bluegrass State, The Birds of Kentucky is designed to provide an accurate and scientifically rigorous description of all the species of birds found in Kentucky. This comprehensive guide features a wealth of information, including abundance records, migration dates, and additional reference material, and indicates whether a bird is a permanent resident, winter resident, summer resident, visitant, or transient. Additionally, author Burt L. Monroe reviews the history of ornithologists who have worked in Kentucky and outlines the physiography of the state as it relates to birding. More than just a verbal portrait of Kentucky avifauna, The Birds of Kentucky includes fifty-one color paintings by the renowned wildlife artist William Zimmerman, whose work has been favorably compared to that of John James Audubon. In contrast to Audubon's romanticism and often tortuous style, however, Zimmerman offers us "comfortable" birds that look as if they are about to take wing and leave the page. Beautifully illustrated and based on a lifetime of field observation and research, this book provides an excellent guide to the natural history of the birds of the Bluegrass.

War in Kentucky

Author : James L. McDonough
Publisher : Univ. of Tennessee Press
ISBN 13 : 9780870499357
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (993 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis War in Kentucky by : James L. McDonough

Download or read book War in Kentucky written by James L. McDonough and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War in Kentucky From Shiloh to Perryville James Lee McDonough A compelling new volume from the author of Shiloh In Hell before Night and Chattanooga A Death Grip on the Confederacy, this book explores the strategic importance of Kentucky for both sides in the Civil War and recounts the Confederacy's bold attempt to capture the Bluegrass State. In a narrative rich with quotations from the diaries, letters, and reminiscences of participants, James Lee McDonough brings to vigorous life an episode whose full significance has previously eluded students of the war. In February of 1862, the fall of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson near the Tennessee-Kentucky border forced a Confederate retreat into northern Alabama. After the Southern forces failed that spring at Shiloh to throw back the Federal advance, the controversial General Braxton Bragg, newly promoted by Jefferson Davis, launched a countermovement that would sweep eastward to Chattanooga and then northwest through Middle Tennessee. Capturing Kentucky became the ultimate goal, which, if achieved, would lend the war a different complexion indeed. Giving equal attention to the strategies of both sides, McDonough describes the ill-fated Union effort to capture Chattanooga with an advance through Alabama, the Confederate march across Tennessee, and the subsequent two-pronged invasion of Kentucky. He vividly recounts the fighting at Richmond, Munfordville, and Perryville, where the Confederate dream of controlling Kentucky finally ended. The first book-length study of this key campaign in the Western Theater, War in Kentucky not only demonstrates the extent of its importance but supports the case that 1862 should be considered the decisive year of the war. The author: James Lee McDonough, a native of Tennessee, is professor of history at Auburn University. Among his other books are Stones River Bloody Winter in Tennessee and Five Tragic Hours: The Battle of Franklin, which he co-wrote with Thomas L. Connelly. "

The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia

Author : Gerald L. Smith
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813160677
Total Pages : 1467 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia by : Gerald L. Smith

Download or read book The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia written by Gerald L. Smith and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 1467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of African Americans in Kentucky is as diverse and vibrant as the state's general history. The work of more than 150 writers, The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia is an essential guide to the black experience in the Commonwealth. The encyclopedia includes biographical sketches of politicians and community leaders as well as pioneers in art, science, and industry. Kentucky's impact on the national scene is registered in an array of notable figures, such as writers William Wells Brown and bell hooks, reformers Bessie Lucas Allen and Shelby Lanier Jr., sports icons Muhammad Ali and Isaac Murphy, civil rights leaders Whitney Young Jr. and Georgia Powers, and entertainers Ernest Hogan, Helen Humes, and the Nappy Roots. Featuring entries on the individuals, events, places, organizations, movements, and institutions that have shaped the state's history since its origins, the volume also includes topical essays on the civil rights movement, Eastern Kentucky coalfields, business, education, and women. For researchers, students, and all who cherish local history, The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia is an indispensable reference that highlights the diversity of the state's culture and history.