Italys Witches And Medicine Women

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Italy's Witches and Medicine Women

Author : Karyn Crisis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780692961384
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Italy's Witches and Medicine Women by : Karyn Crisis

Download or read book Italy's Witches and Medicine Women written by Karyn Crisis and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Karyn Crisis has been able to sense the "unseen world of passed-on relatives, angels, and ghosts since childhood. Training as a Spiritualist Medium as an adult, she became a popular platform Medium and healer in the San Francisco Bay Area. In 2009, she took a fateful trip to Italy's Tuscany Region, which would have a lasting impact far beyond what she could have ever imagined: Goddesses from Italy's history suddenly began appearing to Karyn as clearly as other spirit people had, and they began transmitting to her the information of a most interesting cultural melting pot in Italy that gave rise to its unique and complex spiritual landscape. Among the information shared was the knowledge of Italy's own indigenous Lineage healing, a female shamanism hiding in-plain-sight that can be traced back to pre-pagan times. One thing was clear: Mediumship was and is the cornerstone of all these traditions by advancing the quality of life through previously hidden knowledge from the spirit world handed down to earth. Following the guidance of the Goddesses, Karyn returned to Italy where she embarked on a long and intensive research study. Taking cures from "streghe," meeting herbalists on mountain tops, experiencing a 6 hour ancestral fire ritual with secret shaman called Benandanti, interviewing local authors and museum curators and folk lore experts, and walking on the remains of the Goddess Diana's 2,000 year old temple, Karyn found the historical evidence to support what the Goddesses had shown her in visions. Volume 1 also provides a comprehensive spiritual history of the "Italian Witch" and reveals an important matrilineal living practice supplanted by the patriarchal invasions of pre-pagan times, whose acts of repression still affect the world today, revealing a groundbreaking history of women. Also find practical tips to reconnect with this female Lineage.

Italian Magic: Secret Lives of Women

Author : Karyn Crisis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780578773346
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (733 download)

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Book Synopsis Italian Magic: Secret Lives of Women by : Karyn Crisis

Download or read book Italian Magic: Secret Lives of Women written by Karyn Crisis and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking for the meaning behind your Italian grandma's rituals?Curious about their source and wondering if there's more to the story?Seeking magic beyond what the Romans wrote about in fragments?Wondering why no one can seem to find the mythical witch cults?This book will answer all these questions and reveal a groundbreaking view into the hidden world of rural Italy: the ONLY pervasive holistic system of daily sacred magic indigenous to Italy and her islands, whose traditions existed in all rural communities regardless of cultural influences. In these communities: - magic was the daily medicine- women were the sole operators of magic- people lived an entire way of life in accordance with the cycles of nature and the energetic laws of the universe.- the spirit world was as real as the earthly word- psychic language was spoken in parallels- shamanic inheritances received from spirits were handed down for generations between mothers and daughters, fathers and sons.This lifestyle, whose threads of connection go back to the domestic goddess temples of ancient Europe, began to die out in what Italians call the deculturalization of the 1950s. Here, midwives and healers took care of their families and communities. There were no hospitals nor medicine. Romans wrote about these traditions existing before them, and they live on in fragments among all Italian families. This is the source of masculine conceptual magic that became popular in the middle period. Astral travel, cord-cutting, psychic illness and physical symptoms, fertility trees, euthanasia, spell-breaking, birth and death rituals,amulets and more can be found in these many pages, keeping in mind that this collection is only a small glimpse into a much more detailed way of life.

Medicine Women

Author : Elisabeth Brooke
Publisher : Quest Books
ISBN 13 : 9780835607513
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Medicine Women by : Elisabeth Brooke

Download or read book Medicine Women written by Elisabeth Brooke and published by Quest Books. This book was released on 1997 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women have always been healers -- from the priestess healers in the temples of Isis, to the hedge-witches and herbalists of medieval times, to the physicians, researchers, and alternative practitioners of today. This glorious book celebrates the history of women healers from earliest times to the present. It includes profiles of women healers from all traditions. Some are well known, such as Hildegard of Bingen, Florence Nightingale, and Mary Baker Eddy. Others deserve to be more widely recognized, such as Trotula of Salerno, who wrote gynecological and obstetrical texts in thirteenth-century Italy, and Mama Lola, a respected mambo or healing priestess in the Haitian Voodoo tradition. Text and pictures detail the many contributions of women to the healing arts, from the founding of nursing orders and the tending of soldiers, to the establishment of public health hospitals, to contemporary applications of the ancient lore of herbal medicine and therapeutic touch.

Italian Folk Magic

Author : Mary-Grace Fahrun
Publisher : Weiser Books
ISBN 13 : 1633410552
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Italian Folk Magic by : Mary-Grace Fahrun

Download or read book Italian Folk Magic written by Mary-Grace Fahrun and published by Weiser Books. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating journey through the magical, folkloric, and healing traditions of Italy the reader learns uniquely Italian methods of magical protection and divination and spells for love, sex, control, and revenge. "Mary-Grace Fahrun's Italian Folk Magic is an intimate journey into the heart of Italian folk magical practices as they are lived every day. Having grown up in an extended Italian family in North America and Italy, the author presents us with the stories, characters, saints, charms, and prayers that form the core of folk religion, setting them in context in an authentic, down-to-earth, and humorous voice. A delight to read!"—Sabina Magliocco, Professor of Anthropology, University of British Columbia Italian Folk Magiccontains: magical and religious rituals prayers divination techniques crafting blessing rituals witchcraft The author also explores the evil eye, known as malocchio in Italian, explaining what it is, where it comes from, and, crucially, how to get rid of it. This book can help Italians regain their magical heritage, but Italian folk magic is a beautiful, powerful, and effective magical tradition that is accessible to anyone who wants to learn it.

Witches, Midwives, and Nurses

Author : Barbara Ehrenreich
Publisher : Feminist Press at CUNY
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Witches, Midwives, and Nurses by : Barbara Ehrenreich

Download or read book Witches, Midwives, and Nurses written by Barbara Ehrenreich and published by Feminist Press at CUNY. This book was released on 1973 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the history of medical practice, argues that the suppression of female healers began with the European witch hunts, and describes the sexism of the current medical establishment.

Ways of the Strega

Author : Raven Grimassi
Publisher : Llewellyn Worldwide Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781567182538
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (825 download)

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Book Synopsis Ways of the Strega by : Raven Grimassi

Download or read book Ways of the Strega written by Raven Grimassi and published by Llewellyn Worldwide Limited. This book was released on 1995 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover, for the first time in one complete work, the rich legacy of magick and ritual handed down by Italian witches through the generations. Ways of the Strega reclaims the beliefs and practices of southern European Pagan spirituality. Learn the secrets of Janarra (lunar) witches, Tanarra (star) witches, and Fanarra (ley lines) witches. This book also details the how-to's of modern Strega traditions.

Italian Witchcraft

Author : Raven Grimassi
Publisher : Llewellyn Worldwide
ISBN 13 : 9781567182590
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (825 download)

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Book Synopsis Italian Witchcraft by : Raven Grimassi

Download or read book Italian Witchcraft written by Raven Grimassi and published by Llewellyn Worldwide. This book was released on 2000 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Italian Witchcraft (previously titled Ways of the Strega) by respected author Raven Grimassi is more than just a book about Witchcraft. It is a complete Book of Shadows. In it you will find the history of this ancient tradition, its legends and myths, as well as the rituals and rites that you can do today. You can be a Strega! The book includes a full set of rituals that you can do. You'll find rituals for all of the Italian Witchcraft holidays including Shadow Fest, Lupercus, Tana's Day and more. You'll also find rituals for the Full Moon, births, funerals. There is a practical side to this book, too. It is filled with instructions so that you can cast spells and work with the powers of incense, oils, herbs, and candles. You'll learn to work with the magick of the Moon and Stars. You'll be able to do protection rituals and learn how to cure someone who has received the "Malocchio" (Evil Eye). Many of the mysteries revealed here have never been published before. You'll learn secret gestures of power and secret symbols. And you can use them all! Also revealed are the secrets of the tools of the Italian Witch. You'll learn how to prepare the "Spirit Blade" and the ritual wand. You'll learn how to make the Spirit Bowl and use to consecrate other tools and talismans. If you're looking to discover real Witchcraft, or if you're already a Witch but are thinking about other traditions, this is the book for you.

The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America

Author : Brian P. Levack
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191648833
Total Pages : 645 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America by : Brian P. Levack

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America written by Brian P. Levack and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this Handbook, written by leading scholars working in the rapidly developing field of witchcraft studies, explore the historical literature regarding witch beliefs and witch trials in Europe and colonial America between the early fifteenth and early eighteenth centuries. During these years witches were thought to be evil people who used magical power to inflict physical harm or misfortune on their neighbours. Witches were also believed to have made pacts with the devil and sometimes to have worshipped him at nocturnal assemblies known as sabbaths. These beliefs provided the basis for defining witchcraft as a secular and ecclesiastical crime and prosecuting tens of thousands of women and men for this offence. The trials resulted in as many as fifty thousand executions. These essays study the rise and fall of witchcraft prosecutions in the various kingdoms and territories of Europe and in English, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies in the Americas. They also relate these prosecutions to the Catholic and Protestant reformations, the introduction of new forms of criminal procedure, medical and scientific thought, the process of state-building, profound social and economic change, early modern patterns of gender relations, and the wave of demonic possessions that occurred in Europe at the same time. The essays survey the current state of knowledge in the field, explore the academic controversies that have arisen regarding witch beliefs and witch trials, propose new ways of studying the subject, and identify areas for future research.

The Witching Hour

Author : Anne Rice
Publisher : Ballantine Books
ISBN 13 : 0307575950
Total Pages : 1058 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis The Witching Hour by : Anne Rice

Download or read book The Witching Hour written by Anne Rice and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 2010-11-17 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • From the beloved author of the Vampire Chronicles, the first installation of her spellbinding Mayfair Chronicles—the inspiration for the hit television series! “Extraordinary . . . Anne Rice offers more than just a story; she creates myth.”—The Washington Post Book World Rowan Mayfair, a beautiful woman, a brilliant practitioner of neurosurgery—aware that she has special powers but unaware that she comes from an ancient line of witches—finds the drowned body of a man off the coast of California and brings him to life. He is Michael Curry, who was born in New Orleans and orphaned in childhood by fire on Christmas Eve, who pulled himself up from poverty, and who now, in his brief interval of death, has acquired a sensory power that mystifies and frightens him. As these two, fiercely drawn to each other, fall in love and—in passionate alliance—set out to solve the mystery of her past and his unwelcome gift, an intricate tale of evil unfolds. Moving through time from today’s New Orleans and San Francisco to long-ago Amsterdam and a château in the Louis XIV’s France, and from the coffee plantations of Port au Prince, where the great Mayfair fortune is made and the legacy of their dark power is almost destroyed, to Civil War New Orleans, The Witching Hour is a luminous, deeply enchanting novel. The magic of the Mayfairs continues: THE WITCHING HOUR • LASHER • TALTOS

Old World Witchcraft

Author : Raven Grimassi
Publisher : Weiser Books
ISBN 13 : 1609256131
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Old World Witchcraft by : Raven Grimassi

Download or read book Old World Witchcraft written by Raven Grimassi and published by Weiser Books. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Old World Witchcraft, noted author Raven Grimassi covers totally new territory--in his work and in the world of popular witchcraft books published in the last few decades. This book is actually about “an enchanted worldview,” one that has not necessarily been inherited from the beliefs and practices of any particular region and one which is available to us today. The “Old World” in the title is actually about a magical view of the Plant Kingdom and the spirits attached to it. While Grimassi’s previous books discuss the cultural expressions and commonality of witchcraft beliefs and practices in general, this book penetrates much deeper. Old World Witchdraft reveals rarely discussed topics such as the concept of Shadow as the organic memory of the earth. Readers will learn rooted techniques that possess power because these ways have always been connected to it. They will learn methods of interfacing with the ancestral current and with the organic memory of the earth. Through these they can connect with the timeless arts and learn methods of empowerment directly from the ancient source. Totally new information about familiar tools is presented. For example, the mortar and pestle is a tool for spell casting, a device that creates interfacing with plant spirits and with shadow, and a focal point for veneration of the Plant Kingdom. Grimassi also presents the art of using plant ashes for magical sigil work. This book is for people who have had their fill of books that say the same things over and over, who want to take the next step, and who are eager for the more rooted ways that have remained largely hidden.

Warrior of Light

Author : Karyn Crisis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780578996899
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Warrior of Light by : Karyn Crisis

Download or read book Warrior of Light written by Karyn Crisis and published by . This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are the stories of Karyn Crisis: musician, artist, Medium and author, and her experiences with the Spirit World.

Witchcraft

Author : Raven Grimassi
Publisher : Llewellyn Worldwide
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Witchcraft by : Raven Grimassi

Download or read book Witchcraft written by Raven Grimassi and published by Llewellyn Worldwide. This book was released on 2004 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the Mystery Teachings of Witchcraft is essential for anyone wishing to enrich their Craft. World-renowned author and scholar Raven Grimassi guides readers down the well-worn path to these Mystery traditions by exploring their roots in myths, legends, verses, and lore. Witchcraft: A Mystery Tradition provides a cultural and mythical context that helps readers gain insight into these Mystery themes. Drawing upon the long-standing traditional European Witchcraft and occult concepts and tenets, Grimassi constructs a cohesive mythos that supports and unifies the Sabbats and their associated deities. Also provided are techniques for aligning with the "momentum of the past," a powerful current of knowledge and energy available to all Witches.

Whiskey Women

Author : Fred Minnick
Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1612345646
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Whiskey Women by : Fred Minnick

Download or read book Whiskey Women written by Fred Minnick and published by Potomac Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shortly after graduating from University of Glasgow in 1934, Elizabeth “Bessie” Williamson began working as a temporary secretary at the Laphroaig Distillery on the Scottish island Islay. Williamson quickly found herself joining the boys in the tasting room, studying the distillation process, and winning them over with her knowledge of Scottish whisky. After the owner of Laphroaig passed away, Williamson took over the prestigious company and became the American spokesperson for the entire Scotch whisky industry. Impressing clients and showing her passion as the Scotch Whisky Association’s trade ambassador, she soon gained fame within the industry, becoming known as the greatest female distiller. Whiskey Women tells the tales of women who have created this industry, from Mesopotamia’s first beer brewers and distillers to America’s rough-and-tough bootleggers during Prohibition. Women have long distilled, marketed, and owned significant shares in spirits companies. Williamson’s story is one of many among the influential women who changed the Scotch whisky industry as well as influenced the American bourbon whiskey and Irish whiskey markets. Until now their stories have remained untold.

Caliban and the Witch

Author : Silvia Federici
Publisher : Autonomedia
ISBN 13 : 1570270597
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Caliban and the Witch by : Silvia Federici

Download or read book Caliban and the Witch written by Silvia Federici and published by Autonomedia. This book was released on 2004 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Women, the body and primitive accumulation"--Cover.

The Modern Medicine Woman

Author : Carlotta Mastrojanni
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781981069033
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis The Modern Medicine Woman by : Carlotta Mastrojanni

Download or read book The Modern Medicine Woman written by Carlotta Mastrojanni and published by . This book was released on 2018-05-12 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Modern Medicine Woman: A Path to Wholeness is today's guide to healing through the power of inner alchemy. It is a groundbreaking system to ignite your inner orgasmic life force, so you can create with sustaining and loving personal power. The womb is the last frontier of deep transformation for women. Access and harness the power of the womb, and amazing things happen in our lives and relationships. Best of all, a healthy womb teaches us how to rest in our magnificent wholeness. The author inspires us to become a Modern Medicine Woman: one who is effortlessly connected to her intuition, to the Earth, and to her womb. In seven transformative steps, she guides us to create a ritual container, resonate with the earth, explore our heart's desire, and transform whatever may be holding us back. CARLOTTA MASTROJANNI is a shamanic midwife and womb healer based in Ojai, California. She supports women on their journeys of Creation from conception through birth. Founder of The Modern Medicine Woman, Carlotta weaves modern and ancestral wisdom on empowerment, sexuality and birth practices. She aims to bring about a healing of the feminine lines of wounding and to restore connection with the masculine. Carlotta teaches and leads workshops in Europe and the US, returning home to her beloved Valley of the Moon, where she lives with her husband and son. PRAISE FOR THE BOOK: "Find your way back to the Divine feminine living within...that deliciously sacred spark that resides in the womb space, where we can birth in the new, and experience unrivaled pleasure both within and without." -Keidi Keating, Author of The Light Book series "Genuine, authentic and beautifully written. The transformation begins as you start to read. Even before you begin to engage in the exercises, this book takes you home. There is Joy coming through and that joy is contagious. When she writes: 'It is so blissful to be yourself that you would never want to be anyone else,' you truly believe it."- Perla Aviram, Mama of two, Ayurvedic Practitioner and Kundalini Yoga Instructor "Captivating, informative, deeply nourishing and inspiring. A cohesive step by step to orgasmic awakening that all women can benefit, grow and blossom from. An activating must read for the Modern Medicine Woman." -Chloe Isadora, Shamanic Womb Healer "Through sweet grace, I feel eternally grateful to have found Carlotta's work, which is beautifully captured within the pages of this book. My heart and womb felt so nourished and loved within the container of remembrance this book creates. The pages are filled with Carlotta's radiance and deep love and devotion for the sacred feminine. Thank you for seeing us and supporting us to remember our wholeness. Please, please, please pass this book on to your sisters, so they can remember too." -Kirsty Maher, Healer & Women's Empowerment Coach "The Modern Medicine Woman: A Path to Wholeness is both simple and profound; easy-to-read yet rich in the quality of content. Every woman who finds this book on their path should say YES to reading it. A perfect introduction for women who are just beginning the process of remembering these truths, and a beautiful reminder for women who are walking the path of the Medicine Woman already." -Kristen Appenrodt, MA, Shamanic Sensuality Coach "I am so grateful. After a lifetime of drinking from many, many wells of wisdoms to discover this gem of a book which somehow - alchemically - has distilled all the essential ones down into one clear, intuitive journey. The author's deep clarity cuts through confusion and presents a profoundly simple path."-Vaishnavi Brassey, Sacred Singer & Voiceworker

Witches and Pagans

Author : Max Dashu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780692740286
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Witches and Pagans by : Max Dashu

Download or read book Witches and Pagans written by Max Dashu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swa wiccan taeca?: ?as the witches teach.' So, explained the Old English translator, it was witches who counseled people to ?bring their offerings to earth-fast stone and also to trees and to wellsprings.' His contextualizing commentary on a Frankish penitential reveals the witches? intimate association with animist, earth-based ceremonies, contradicting the now-engrained idea that they were ?wicked.' In a compelling exploration of language, archaeology, early medieval literature and art, Max Dashu pulls the covers off ethnic lore known to few except scholarly specialists. She shows that the old ethnic names for ?witch? signify wisewoman, prophetess, diviner, healer, shapeshifter, and dreamer. She fleshes out the spiritual culture of the Norse völur (?staff-women?), with their oracular ceremonies, incantations, and ?sitting-out? on the land for wisdom. She examines archaeological finds of women's ritual staffs, many of which symbolize the distaff, a spinning tool that connects with broader European themes of goddesses, fates, witches, and female power. Ecclesiastical records show that these aspects of European women's spiritual culture survived state conversions to Christianity. Witches and Pagans plunges into the megalithic taproot of the elder kindreds, and the ancestral Old Woman known as the Cailleach. It draws on priestly Frankish and German sources to trace the foundational witch-legend of the Women Who Go by Night with the Goddess'and her links to women's spinning sacraments in the orature of Holle, Fraw Percht, and Swanfooted Berthe. The book also looks at the sexual politics of early witch burnings and the female ordeal of treading red-hot iron. Anglo-Saxon ?mystery-singers? shed light on ancestor veneration in early medieval Europe.The webs of Wyrd, weavers? ceremonies, herb-chanters, crystal balls and the Völuspá: this book uncovers the authentic ethnic roots of witchcraft. Putting the common woman at the center results in a very different view of European history than the one we have been taught. Sagas, ecclesiastical canons, laws, chronicles, charms, manuscripts and sculpture show the spiritual leadership of women and the goddesses, fates, and ancestors they revered. These strands can help to reweave the ripped webs of women's culture.

Women and Religion in Medieval and Renaissance Italy

Author : Daniel Bornstein
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226066370
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (663 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and Religion in Medieval and Renaissance Italy by : Daniel Bornstein

Download or read book Women and Religion in Medieval and Renaissance Italy written by Daniel Bornstein and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1996-07-15 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the twelfth and the sixteenth centuries, women assumed public roles of unprecedented prominence in Italian religious culture. Legally subordinated, politically excluded, socially limited, and ideologically disdained, women's active participation in religious life offered them access to power in all its forms. These essays explore the involvement of women in religious life throughout northern and central Italy and trace the evolution of communities of pious women as they tried to achieve their devotional goals despite the strictures of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. The contributors examine relations between holy women, their devout followers, and society at large. Including contributions from leading figures in a new generation of Italian historians of religion, this book shows how women were able to carve out broad areas of influence by carefully exploiting the institutional church and by astutely manipulating religious percepts.