Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition

Download Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481647210
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Clinical Microbiology. The editors have built Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Clinical Microbiology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition

Download Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1490108963
Total Pages : 1149 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 1149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Clinical Endocrinology. The editors have built Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Clinical Endocrinology in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition

Download Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481647954
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about General Medicine. The editors have built Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about General Medicine in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Principles and Practice of Clinical Research

Download Principles and Practice of Clinical Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080489568
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (895 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Clinical Research by : John I. Gallin

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Clinical Research written by John I. Gallin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this innovative work again provides a unique perspective on the clinical discovery process by providing input from experts within the NIH on the principles and practice of clinical research. Molecular medicine, genomics, and proteomics have opened vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research. As an introductory reference it gives clinical investigators in all fields an awareness of the tools required to ensure research protocols are well designed and comply with the rigorous regulatory requirements necessary to maximize the safety of research subjects. Complete with sections on the history of clinical research and ethics, copious figures and charts, and sample documents it serves as an excellent companion text for any course on clinical research and as a must-have reference for seasoned researchers. *Incorporates new chapters on Managing Conflicts of Interest in Human Subjects Research, Clinical Research from the Patient's Perspective, The Clinical Researcher and the Media, Data Management in Clinical Research, Evaluation of a Protocol Budget, Clinical Research from the Industry Perspective, and Genetics in Clinical Research *Addresses the vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research *Delves into data management and addresses how to collect data and use it for discovery *Contains valuable, up-to-date information on how to obtain funding from the federal government

Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice

Download Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145449
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine.

Issues in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition

Download Issues in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 148164565X
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Issues in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Pediatric Surgery. The editors have built Issues in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Pediatric Surgery in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2011 Edition

Download Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2011 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464964858
Total Pages : 1212 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Clinical Medicine Research and Practice. The editors have built Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Clinical Medicine Research and Practice in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Clinical Medicine Research and Practice: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust

Download Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030921646X
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in medical, biomedical and health services research have reduced the level of uncertainty in clinical practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) complement this progress by establishing standards of care backed by strong scientific evidence. CPGs are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care. These statements are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative care options. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust examines the current state of clinical practice guidelines and how they can be improved to enhance healthcare quality and patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines now are ubiquitous in our healthcare system. The Guidelines International Network (GIN) database currently lists more than 3,700 guidelines from 39 countries. Developing guidelines presents a number of challenges including lack of transparent methodological practices, difficulty reconciling conflicting guidelines, and conflicts of interest. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust explores questions surrounding the quality of CPG development processes and the establishment of standards. It proposes eight standards for developing trustworthy clinical practice guidelines emphasizing transparency; management of conflict of interest ; systematic review-guideline development intersection; establishing evidence foundations for and rating strength of guideline recommendations; articulation of recommendations; external review; and updating. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust shows how clinical practice guidelines can enhance clinician and patient decision-making by translating complex scientific research findings into recommendations for clinical practice that are relevant to the individual patient encounter, instead of implementing a one size fits all approach to patient care. This book contains information directly related to the work of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as various Congressional staff and policymakers. It is a vital resource for medical specialty societies, disease advocacy groups, health professionals, private and international organizations that develop or use clinical practice guidelines, consumers, clinicians, and payers.

Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition

Download Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1490106782
Total Pages : 924 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Internal Medicine. The editors have built Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Internal Medicine in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Family Medicine Research and Practice: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Clinical Research and the Law

Download Clinical Research and the Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118272161
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Research and the Law by : Patricia M. Tereskerz

Download or read book Clinical Research and the Law written by Patricia M. Tereskerz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CLINICAL RESEARCH AND THE LAW The legal implications of conducting clinical research and trials are becoming more complex. Everyone involved in clinical research increasingly needs to be aware of not only the ethical issues at stake but also how the law affects medical practice and research. Much of clinical research and trial law and litigation is comparatively recent and researchers need to ensure current compliance on a wide range of issues including: standards and duty of care conflicts of interest establishing clinical trials informed consent research contracts the disclosure and withholding of clinical trial results Clinical Research and the Law comprehensively discusses these topics and provides the answers to the legal questions and potential pitfalls encountered in medical research. It is an up-to-date, practical guide for clinical investigators and their institutional administrators, particularly risk managers and research administrators, as well as healthcare administrators and members of institutional review boards. This book is also a key resource for medical students, postgraduate research students, practicing attorneys and counselors for teaching hospitals and institutions undertaking clinical research and contract research organizations.

Principles and Practice of Clinical Research

Download Principles and Practice of Clinical Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123821673
Total Pages : 798 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Clinical Research by : John I. Gallin

Download or read book Principles and Practice of Clinical Research written by John I. Gallin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expanded third edition provides an introduction to the conduct of clinical research as well as more comprehensive and expansive content about the infrastructure necessary for a successful clinical research organization or enterprise. With authors who are experts in clinical research in both the public and private sectors, this publication provides essential information to clinical investigators who wish to develop and conduct well designed patient-based research protocols that comply with rigorous study design, ethical, and regulatory requirements.

Transforming Clinical Research in the United States

Download Transforming Clinical Research in the United States PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309163358
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transforming Clinical Research in the United States by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Transforming Clinical Research in the United States written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal health care system relies on efficiently generating timely, accurate evidence to deliver on its promise of diminishing the divide between clinical practice and research. There are growing indications, however, that the current health care system and the clinical research that guides medical decisions in the United States falls far short of this vision. The process of generating medical evidence through clinical trials in the United States is expensive and lengthy, includes a number of regulatory hurdles, and is based on a limited infrastructure. The link between clinical research and medical progress is also frequently misunderstood or unsupported by both patients and providers. The focus of clinical research changes as diseases emerge and new treatments create cures for old conditions. As diseases evolve, the ultimate goal remains to speed new and improved medical treatments to patients throughout the world. To keep pace with rapidly changing health care demands, clinical research resources need to be organized and on hand to address the numerous health care questions that continually emerge. Improving the overall capacity of the clinical research enterprise will depend on ensuring that there is an adequate infrastructure in place to support the investigators who conduct research, the patients with real diseases who volunteer to participate in experimental research, and the institutions that organize and carry out the trials. To address these issues and better understand the current state of clinical research in the United States, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a 2-day workshop entitled Transforming Clinical Research in the United States. The workshop, summarized in this volume, laid the foundation for a broader initiative of the Forum addressing different aspects of clinical research. Future Forum plans include further examining regulatory, administrative, and structural barriers to the effective conduct of clinical research; developing a vision for a stable, continuously funded clinical research infrastructure in the United States; and considering strategies and collaborative activities to facilitate more robust public engagement in the clinical research enterprise.

Clinical Epidemiology

Download Clinical Epidemiology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1451178794
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (511 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Epidemiology by : R. Brian Haynes

Download or read book Clinical Epidemiology written by R. Brian Haynes and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Third Edition of this popular text focuses on clinical-practice research methods. It is written by clinicians with experience in generating and answering researchable questions about real-world clinical practice and health care—the prevention, treatment, diagnosis, prognosis, and causes of diseases, the measurement of quality of life, and the effects of innovations in health services. The book has a problem-oriented and protocol-based approach and is written at an introductory level, emphasizing key principles and their applications. A bound-in CD-ROM contains the full text of the book to help the reader locate needed information.

Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health

Download Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019068321X
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health by : Ross C. Brownson

Download or read book Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health written by Ross C. Brownson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-05 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen to twenty years is how long it takes for the billions of dollars of health-related research to translate into evidence-based policies and programs suitable for public use. Over the past 15 years, an exciting science has emerged that seeks to narrow the gap between the discovery of new knowledge and its application in public health, mental health, and health care settings. Dissemination and implementation (D & I) research seeks to understand how to best apply scientific advances in the real world, by focusing on pushing the evidence-based knowledge base out into routine use. To help propel this crucial field forward, leading D & I scholars and researchers have collaborated to put together this volume to address a number of key issues, including : how to evaluate the evidence base on effective interventions; which strategies will produce the greatest impact; how to design an appropriate study; and how to track a set of essential outcomes. D & I studies must also take into account the barriers to uptake of evidence-based interventions in the communities where people live their lives and the social service agencies, hospitals, and clinics where they receive care. The challenges of moving research to practice and policy are universal, and future progress calls for collaborative partnerships and cross-country research. The fundamental tenet of D & I research--taking what we know about improving health and putting it into practice--must be the highest priority. This book is nothing less than a roadmap that will have broad appeal to researchers and practitioners across many disciplines. [Ed.].

Knowing and Acting in Medicine

Download Knowing and Acting in Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1783488115
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (834 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowing and Acting in Medicine by : Robyn Bluhm

Download or read book Knowing and Acting in Medicine written by Robyn Bluhm and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume in the rapidly growing field of philosophy of medicine to focus on the relationship between knowledge and clinical practice and policy.

Issues in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition

Download Issues in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1481649779
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (816 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Issues in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition by :

Download or read book Issues in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Acupuncture and Electrotherapeutics in a compact format. The editors have built Issues in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Acupuncture and Electrotherapeutics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research and Practice: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Improving Healthcare Quality in Europe Characteristics, Effectiveness and Implementation of Different Strategies

Download Improving Healthcare Quality in Europe Characteristics, Effectiveness and Implementation of Different Strategies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264805907
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Improving Healthcare Quality in Europe Characteristics, Effectiveness and Implementation of Different Strategies by : OECD

Download or read book Improving Healthcare Quality in Europe Characteristics, Effectiveness and Implementation of Different Strategies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, developed by the Observatory together with OECD, provides an overall conceptual framework for understanding and applying strategies aimed at improving quality of care. Crucially, it summarizes available evidence on different quality strategies and provides recommendations for their implementation. This book is intended to help policy-makers to understand concepts of quality and to support them to evaluate single strategies and combinations of strategies.