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Irradiation Performance Of Nitride Fuels
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Book Synopsis Irradiation Performance of Nitride Fuels by :
Download or read book Irradiation Performance of Nitride Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties and advantages of nitride fuels are well documented in the literature. Basically the high thermal conductivity and uranium density of nitride fuels permit high power density, good breeding ratios, low reactivity swings, and large diameter pins compared to oxides. Nitrides are compatible with cladding alloys and liquid metal coolants, thereby reducing fuel/cladding chemical interactions and permitting the use of sodium-bonded pins and the operation of breached pins. Recent analyses done under similar operating conditions show that - compared to metal - fuels mixed nitrides operate at lower temperatures, produce less cladding strain, have greater margins to failure, result in lower transient temperatures, and have lower sodium void reactivity. Uranium nitride fuel pellet fabrication processes were demonstrated during the SP-100 program, and irradiated nitride fuels can be reprocessed by the PUREX process. Irradiation performance data suggest that nitrides have low fission gas release and swelling rates thereby permitting favorable pin designs and long lifetime. The objective of this report is to summarize the available nitride irradiation performance data base and to recommend optimum nitride characteristics for use in advanced liquid metal reactors.
Book Synopsis Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) on Mono-uranium Nitride Fuel Development for SSTAR and Space Applications by : J. Ahn
Download or read book Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) on Mono-uranium Nitride Fuel Development for SSTAR and Space Applications written by J. Ahn and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US National Energy Policy of 2001 advocated the development of advanced fuel and fuel cycle technologies that are cleaner, more efficient, less waste-intensive, and more proliferation resistant. The need for advanced fuel development is emphasized in on-going DOE-supported programs, e.g., Global Nuclear Energy Initiative (GNEI), Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), and GEN-IV Technology Development. The Directorates of Energy & Environment (E & amp;E) and Chemistry & Material Sciences (C & amp;MS) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) are interested in advanced fuel research and manufacturing using its multi-disciplinary capability and facilities to support a design concept of a small, secure, transportable, and autonomous reactor (SSTAR). The E & E and C & MS Directorates co-sponsored this Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Project on Mono-Uranium Nitride Fuel Development for SSTAR and Space Applications. In fact, three out of the six GEN-IV reactor concepts consider using the nitride-based fuel, as shown in Table 1. SSTAR is a liquid-metal cooled, fast reactor. It uses nitride fuel in a sealed reactor vessel that could be shipped to the user and returned to the supplier having never been opened in its long operating lifetime. This sealed reactor concept envisions no fuel refueling nor on-site storage of spent fuel, and as a result, can greatly enhance proliferation resistance. However, the requirement for a sealed, long-life core imposes great challenges to research and development of the nitride fuel and its cladding. Cladding is an important interface between the fuel and coolant and a barrier to prevent fission gas release during normal and accidental conditions. In fabricating the nitride fuel rods and assemblies, the cladding material should be selected based on its the coolant-side corrosion properties, the chemical/physical interaction with the nitride fuel, as well as their thermal and neutronic properties. The US NASA space reactor, the SP-100 was designed to use mono-uranium nitride fuel. Although the SP-100 reactor was not commissioned, tens of thousand of nitride fuel pellets were manufactured and lots of them, cladded in Nb-1-Zr had been irradiated in fast test reactors (FFTF and EBR-II) with good irradiation results. The Russian Naval submarines also use nitride fuel with stainless steel cladding (HT-9) in Pb-Bi coolant. Although the operating experience of the Russian submarine is not readily available, such combination of fuel, cladding and coolant has been proposed for a commercial-size liquid-metal cooled fast reactor (BREST-300). Uranium mono-nitride fuel is studied in this LDRD Project due to its favorable properties such as its high actinide density and high thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of mono-nitride is 10 times higher than that of oxide (23 W/m-K for UN vs. 2.3 W/m-K for UO{sub 2} at 1000 K) and its melting temperature is much higher than that of metal fuel (2630 C for UN vs. 1132 C for U metal). It also has relatively high actinide density, (13.51 gU/cm{sup 3} in UN vs. 9.66 gU/cm{sup 3} in UO{sub 2}) which is essential for a compact reactor core design. The objective of this LDRD Project is to: (1) Establish a manufacturing capability for uranium-based ceramic nuclear fuel, (2) Develop a computational capability to analyze nuclear fuel performance, (3) Develop a modified UN-based fuel that can support a compact long-life reactor core, and (4) Collaborate with the Nuclear Engineering Department of UC Berkeley on nitride fuel reprocessing and disposal in a geologic repository.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Elements by : Brian R. T. Frost
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Elements written by Brian R. T. Frost and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Fuel Elements: Design, Fabrication and Performance is concerned with the design, fabrication, and performance of nuclear fuel elements, with emphasis on fast reactor fuel elements. Topics range from fuel types and the irradiation behavior of fuels to cladding and duct materials, fuel element design and modeling, fuel element performance testing and qualification, and the performance of water reactor fuels. Fast reactor fuel elements, research and test reactor fuel elements, and unconventional fuel elements are also covered. This volume consists of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of nuclear reactors and fuel elements, as well as fuel element design and development based on the reactor operator's approach, materials scientist's approach, and interdisciplinary approach. The reader is then introduced to different types of nuclear fuels and their irradiation behavior, considerations for using cladding and duct materials in fuel element design and development, and fuel element design and modeling. The chapters that follow focus on the testing of fuel element performance, experimental techniques and equipment for testing fuel element designs, and the performance of fuels for water reactors. Fuel elements for gas-cooled reactors, fast reactors, and research and test reactors are also described. The book concludes with an assessment of unconventional fuel elements. This book will be useful to fuel element technologists as well as materials scientists and engineers.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NSA is a comprehensive collection of international nuclear science and technology literature for the period 1948 through 1976, pre-dating the prestigious INIS database, which began in 1970. NSA existed as a printed product (Volumes 1-33) initially, created by DOE's predecessor, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). NSA includes citations to scientific and technical reports from the AEC, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and its contractors, plus other agencies and international organizations, universities, and industrial and research organizations. References to books, conference proceedings, papers, patents, dissertations, engineering drawings, and journal articles from worldwide sources are also included. Abstracts and full text are provided if available.
Book Synopsis Irradiation Performance of Highly Enriched Fuel by : C. E. Lacy
Download or read book Irradiation Performance of Highly Enriched Fuel written by C. E. Lacy and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Uranium-free Nitride Fuels for Spent Fuel Transmutation in Fast Reactor Systems by : Frank Joseph Szakaly
Download or read book Assessment of Uranium-free Nitride Fuels for Spent Fuel Transmutation in Fast Reactor Systems written by Frank Joseph Szakaly and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this work is to investigate the implementation of nitride fuels containing little or no uranium in a fast-spectrum nuclear reactor to reduce the amount of plutonium and minor actinides in spent nuclear fuel destined for the Yucca Mountain Repository. A two tier recycling strategy is proposed. Thermal spectrum transmutation systems converted from the existing LWR fleet were modeled for the first tier, and the Japanese fast reactor MONJU was used for the fast-spectrum transmutation. The modeling was performed with the Monteburns code. Transmutation performance was investigated as well as delayed neutron fraction, heat generation rates, and radioactivity of the spent material in the short and long term for the different transmutation fuel cycles. A two-tier recycling strategy incorporating fast and thermal transmutation with uranium-free nitride fuel was shown to reduce the long-term heat generation rates and radioactivity of the spent nuclear fuel inventory.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book TID. written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uranium Nitride Fuel Development, SNAP-50 by :
Download or read book Uranium Nitride Fuel Development, SNAP-50 written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Declassified 12 Sep 1973. Development of UN in four major areas is presented: 1) powder synthesis and powder metallurgical fabrication, 2) physical and mechanical property testing, 3) fuel-cladding compatibility and barrier development, and 4) irradiation evaluation. Synthesis and sintering methods for producing large quantities of high-densily and high-purity UN are described. Results of experimental studies of the following properties are summarized: melting point, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, vapor pressure, and thermodynamics, heat capacity, hot hardness, compressive creep, nitrogen self- diffusion, and electrical resistivity. Compatibility tests are described which demonstrated the need for a diffusion barrier. Lithium soak tests for up to 11,000 h at 2200 deg F demonstrated the stability and practicality of vapor- deposited tungsten-lined Nb--1 Zr alloy over the projected life and temperature of SNAP50. Similar static tests of purposely defected simulated fuel pins indicate a relatively high degree of stability of UN towards lithium. Instrumented capsule irradiation tests of simulated Nb--1 Zr alloy - clad fuel pins are described under 2 Mw(t) and 8 Mw(t) SNAP-50 conditions. Under 8 Mw(t) conditions, 20% fission gas release and 2% diametral cladding growth were observed after 2750 h at 2200 deg F (2.0 at.% U burnup). In-pile operation under 2 Mw(t) conditions was achieved for 5940 h at 2000 deg F (1.0 at.% U burnup) and 3360 h at 2200 deg F (1.5 at.% U burnup) while experiencing less than 0.2% fission gas release and less than 0.4% diametral growth. (66 figures) (auth).
Book Synopsis Advances in Nuclear Fuel by : Shripad T. Revankar
Download or read book Advances in Nuclear Fuel written by Shripad T. Revankar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide there are more than 430 nuclear power plants operating and more plants are being constructed or planned for construction. For nuclear power to be sustainable the nuclear fuel must be sustainable and there should be adequate nuclear fuel waste management program. Continuous technological advances will lead towards sustainable nuclear fuel through closed fuel cycles and advance fuel development. This focuses on challenges and issues that need to be addressed for better performance and safety of nuclear fuel in nuclear plants. These focused areas are on development of high conductivity new fuels, radiation induced corrosion, fuel behavior during abnormal events in reactor, and decontamination of radioactive material.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-10 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitride Fuel Performance by : Sylvie Marie Aurel̓ie Reynaud
Download or read book Nitride Fuel Performance written by Sylvie Marie Aurel̓ie Reynaud and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitride Fuel Modeling Recommendation for Nitride Fuel Material Property Measurement Priority by : Richard Moore
Download or read book Nitride Fuel Modeling Recommendation for Nitride Fuel Material Property Measurement Priority written by Richard Moore and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this effort was to provide the basis for a model that effectively predicts nitride fuel behavior. Material property models developed for the uranium nitride fuel system have been used to approximate the general behavior of nitride fuels with specific property models for the transuranic nitride fuels utilized as they become available. The AFCI fuel development program now has the means for predicting the behavior of the transuranic nitride fuel compositions. The key data and models needed for input into this model include:Thermal conductivity with burnupFuel expansion coefficientFuel swelling with burnupFission gas release with burnup. Although the fuel performance model is a fully functional FEA analysis tool, it is limited by the input data and models.
Book Synopsis Advances in Nuclear Fuel Chemistry by : Markus H.A. Piro
Download or read book Advances in Nuclear Fuel Chemistry written by Markus H.A. Piro and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nuclear Fuel Chemistry presents a high-level description of nuclear fuel chemistry based on the most recent research and advances. Dr. Markus H.A. Piro and his team of global, expert contributors cover all aspects of both the conventional uranium-based nuclear fuel cycle and non-conventional fuel cycles, including mining, refining, fabrication, and long-term storage, as well as emerging nuclear technologies, such as accident tolerant fuels and molten salt materials. Aimed at graduate students, researchers, academics and practicing engineers and regulators, this book will provide the reader with a single reference from which to learn the fundamentals of classical thermodynamics and radiochemistry. Consolidates the latest research on nuclear fuel chemistry into one comprehensive reference, covering all aspects of traditional and non-traditional nuclear fuel cycles Includes contributions from world-renowned experts from many countries representing government, industry and academia Covers a variety of fuel designs, including conventional uranium dioxide, mixed oxides, research reactor fuels, and molten salt fuels Written by experts with hands-on experience in the development of such designs
Book Synopsis Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Appropriations by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations
Download or read book Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Appropriations written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feasibility of Breeding in Hard Spectrum Boiling Water Reactors with Oxide and Nitride Fuels by : Bo Feng (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Feasibility of Breeding in Hard Spectrum Boiling Water Reactors with Oxide and Nitride Fuels written by Bo Feng (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assesses the neutronic, thermal-hydraulic, and fuel performance aspects of using nitride fuel in place of oxides in Pu-based high conversion light water reactor designs. Using the higher density nitride fuel hardens the neutron energy spectrum and results in higher breeding ratios. The state-of-the-art high conversion light water reactor, the Resource-renewable Boiling Water Reactor (RBWR), served as the template core upon which comparative studies between nitride and oxide fuels were performed. A 1/3 core reactor physics model was developed for the RBWR using the stochastic transport code MCNP. The code was coupled with a lumped channel thermalhydraulics 5-channel model for steady-state analyses. The depletion code MCODE, which links MCNP with ORIGEN, was used for all burnup calculations. Select physics parameters were calculated and with the exception of the void coefficients, agreed with reported data. The void coefficients of the coupled core were calculated to be slightly positive using two different methods (10% power increase and 5% flow reduction). The standard RBWR assembly designs, which use tight lattice hexagonal fuel rod arrays, with oxide fuel were then replaced with various nitride fuel assembly designs to determine the potential increase in breeding ratio, the potential to breed with pressurized water, and the potential to improve the critical power ratio with a wider pin pitch. Without changing the assembly geometry or discharge burnup, using nitride fuel resulted in a breeding ratio of 1.14. Using single-phase liquid water, the nitride fuel RBWR assembly resulted in a conversion ratio of 1.00. Another nitride fuel assembly design with boiling water maintained a 1.04 breeding ratio while increasing the pitch-todiameter ratio from 1.13 to 1.20. This modification increased the hot assembly critical power ratio from 1.22 to 1.36, as calculated using the Liu-2007 correlation. A high-porosity nitride fuel is recommended for high burnup conditions, to accommodate the nitride fuel's higher swelling and less favorable mechanical properties compared to the oxide fuel. The high porosity allows additional volume for pressure-induced densification, alleviating swelling and subsequent cladding strain. To predict the performance of high-porosity nitride fuel, fission gas and fuel behavior mechanistic models were developed for high burnup and low-temperature conditions. These models were validated with reported irradiation data and implemented, along with fuel material properties, into the steady-state fuel behavior code FRAPCON-EP. Under simulated RBWR conditions, a fuel density no more than 85% of theoretical density is recommended to maintain satisfactory fuel performance.
Book Synopsis Viability of Inert Matrix Fuel in Reducing Plutonium Amounts in Reactors by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Viability of Inert Matrix Fuel in Reducing Plutonium Amounts in Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reactors around the world have produced more than 2000 tonnes of plutonium, contained in spent fuel or as separated forms through reprocessing. Disposition of fissile materials has become a primary concern of nuclear non-proliferation efforts worldwide. There is a significant interest in IAEA Member States to develop proliferation resistant nuclear fuel cycles for incineration of plutonium such as inert matrix fuels (IMFs). This publication reviews the status of potential IMF candidates and describes several identified candidate materials for both fast and thermal reactors: MgO, ZrO2, SiC, Zr alloy, SiAl, ZrN; some of these have undergone test irradiations and post irradiation examination. Also discussed are modelling of IMF fuel performance and safety analysis. System studies have identified strategies for both implementation of IMF fuel as homogeneous or heterogeneous phases, as assemblies or core loadings and in existing reactors in the shorter term, as well as in new reactors in the longer term.
