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Irradiation Effects On Borosilicate Waste Glasses
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Book Synopsis Irradiation Effects on Borosilicate Waste Glasses by :
Download or read book Irradiation Effects on Borosilicate Waste Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of alpha decay on five borosilicate glasses containing simulated nuclear high-level waste oxides were studied. Irradiations carried out at room temperature were achieved by incorporating 1 to 8 wt % 244Cm2O3 in the glasses. Density changes and stored-energy build-up saturated at doses less than 2 x 1021 alpha decays/kg. Damage manifested by stored energy was completely annealed at 633°K. Positive and negative density changes were observed which never exceeded 1%. Irradiation had very little effect on mechanical strength or on chemical durability as measured by aqueous leach rates. Also, no effects were observed on the microstructure for vitreous waste glasses, although radiation-induced microcracking could be achieved on specimens that had been devitrified prior to irradiation.
Book Synopsis Thermal and Radiation Effects on Borosilicate Waste Glasses. [For Incorporation of Radioactive Wastes]. by :
Download or read book Thermal and Radiation Effects on Borosilicate Waste Glasses. [For Incorporation of Radioactive Wastes]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of experimental studies on the thermal and radiation effects on a high ZnO borosilicate glass are reported. The thermal studies were made on non-radioactive glass compositions. Devitrification, chemical segregation, leachability, porosity, and density were determined for several layers of glass samples stored at temperatures from 300 to 900/sup 0/C for periods from a day to 5 years. In the devitrified glass the major crystalline phases are Zn/sub 2/SiO/sub 4/ and SrMoO/sub 4/. The silicate crystals cause extensive cracking at the higher temperatures. An increase in leachability was observed for samples stored between 500 and 800/sup 0/C. At storage temperatures below 900/sup 0/C no settling was observed after two months storage. Radiation studies were made on a Cm-doped glass with approximately the same composition as that used in the thermal studies. A detailed study of the buildup and release behavior of stored energy in solidified wastes indicated that large temperature excursions resulting from the release of stored energy are not possible. The release rates of He were calculated for two geometries and glass containing trapped gas only and for glass in which the temperature was raised to 300/sup 0/. The leachability was not greatly affected by .cap alpha. doses up to 8 x 10/sup 17/ .cap alpha./g. (JSR).
Book Synopsis Effects of Radiation Damage and Composition on Phase Separation in Borosilicate Nuclear Waste Glasses by : Karishma Bhavini Patel
Download or read book Effects of Radiation Damage and Composition on Phase Separation in Borosilicate Nuclear Waste Glasses written by Karishma Bhavini Patel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modifications Induced by Irradiation in Glasses by : P. Mazzoldi
Download or read book Modifications Induced by Irradiation in Glasses written by P. Mazzoldi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many aspects of the interaction of radiation with glasses are reviewed in this volume, with contributions from a broad scientific community. Several of the papers focus on the interdisciplinary approach required to connect technological applications to the basic interactions of energetic ions with insulators, reporting on the challenging problems that still remain to be solved. The high quality of these contributions once again demonstrates that the E-MRS is an efficient forum for interaction between research workers and industry. The proceedings represent an ideal bridge between the sixth and the planned seventh International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators to be held in Japan in 1993.
Book Synopsis Effects of Radionuclide Decay on Waste Glass Behavior by :
Download or read book Effects of Radionuclide Decay on Waste Glass Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is an extension of a chapter in an earlier report [1] that provides an updated review on the status of radiation damage problems in nuclear waste glasses. This report will focus on radiation effects on vitrified borosilicate nuclear waste glasses under conditions expected in the proposed Yucca mountain repository. Radiation effects on high-level waste glasses and their surrounding repository environment are important considerations for radionuclide immobilization because of the potential to alter the glass stability and thereby influence the radionuclide retentive properties of this waste form. The influence of radionuclide decay on vitrified nuclear waste may be manifested by several changes, including volume, stored energy, structure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and phase separation. Radiation may also affect the composition of aqueous fluids and atmospheric gases in relatively close proximity to the waste form. What is important to the radionuclide retentive properties of the repository is how these radiation effects collectively or individually influence the durability and radionuclide release from the glass in the event of liquid water contact.
Book Synopsis Effect of Internal Alpha Radiation on Borosilicate Glass Containing Savannah River Plant Waste by :
Download or read book Effect of Internal Alpha Radiation on Borosilicate Glass Containing Savannah River Plant Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of internal alpha radiation on borosilicate glass, a perspective matrix for long-term storage of Savannah River Plant (SRP) radioactive waste, were evaluated in samples containing 45 wt % simulated waste (Fe(OH)3--MnO2) and either 0.5 wt % 244Cm or 1 wt % 238Pu. A glass containing 238Pu without waste was also studied for comparison. The glasses were examined for changes in physical stability, leachability, and dilatation. Alpha dose rates in the test glasses ranged from 4.5 x 1014 to 1.3 x 1015 alpha dis/(g-day). After 420 days, microcracks had formed; however, no macrostructural damage to the glasses was observed. Leachabilities for 244Cm and 238Pu were 7 x 10−8 g/(cm2-day) and were not affected by the radiation. Continuous leaching by water for 5 days removed
Book Synopsis Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors by : J. Tauc
Download or read book Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors written by J. Tauc and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid state physics after solving so successfully many fundamental problems in perfect or slightly imperfect crystals, tried in recent years to attack problems associated with large disorder with the aim to understand the consequences of the lack of the long-range order. Semiconductors are much more changed by disorder than metals or insulators, and appear to be the most suitable materials for fundamental work. Considerable exploratory work on amorphous and liquid semiconductors was done by the Leningrad School since the early fifties. In recent years, much research in several countries was directed to deepen the understanding of the structural, electronic, optical, vibrational, magnetic and other proper ties of these materials and to possibly approach the present level of under standing of crystalline semiconductors. This effort was stimulated not only by purely scientific interest but also by the possibility of new applications from which memory devices in the general sense are perhaps the most challenging. The research met with serious difficulties which are absent in crystals.
Book Synopsis Effect of Internal Alpha Radiation on Borosilicate Glass Containing Simulated Radioactive Waste by :
Download or read book Effect of Internal Alpha Radiation on Borosilicate Glass Containing Simulated Radioactive Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To evaluate borosilicate glass as a matrix for long-term storage of radioactive waste, samples containing 45 wt. percent simulated waste along with 0.5 wt. percent 244Cm or 1 wt. percent 238Pu as alpha particle emitters were synthesized. A glass containing 238Pu without simulated waste was also made. Effects of internal alpha radiolysis from 244Cm and 238Pu on physical stability, leachability, and dilatation of the glasses were examined. Results confirm that glass may be a desirable matrix for fixing SRP radioactive waste for long-term storage. Internal alpha radiolysis and helium accumulation in the small samples did not significantly damage the glass. Actual values for helium solubility and permeability would be necessary, however, to determine whether helium accumulation might eventually damage larger glass monoliths during long-term storage.
Book Synopsis Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology by : National Research Council
Download or read book Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-03-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radiation Effects on Transport and Bubble Formation in Silicate Glasses by :
Download or read book Radiation Effects on Transport and Bubble Formation in Silicate Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopies and small-cluster modeling, atomic structure of radiation-induced point defects in alkali borate, silicate, and borosilicate glasses is fully characterized. It is shown that in boron-containing glasses, most of these point defects are electrons/holes trapped by cation/anion vacancies, such as O1 - - O3 + valence-alternation pairs. In microscopically phase-separated borosilicate glasses, radiation-induced defects are found to cluster at the interface between the borate and silicate phases. Reaction and diffusion dynamics of defect-annealing interstitial hydrogen atoms in boron and silica oxide glasses are studied. The yield of radiolytic O2 is estimated. This oxygen is shown to be the final product of triplet exciton decay. Plausible mechanisms for the oxygen bubble formation are put forward. Two practical conclusions relevant for the EMSP mission are made: First, the yield of radiolytic oxygen is shown to be too low to interfere with the storage of vitrified radioactive waste in the first 10 Kyr. Second, microscopic phase separation is demonstrated to increase both the chemical and radiation stability of borosilicate glass.
Book Synopsis Radiation Effects on Transport and Bubble Formation in Silicate Glasses. 1998 Annual Progress Report by :
Download or read book Radiation Effects on Transport and Bubble Formation in Silicate Glasses. 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To study the fundamental chemistry of radiation damage in silicate/borosilicate glasses and simulated high-level nuclear waste (HLW) forms. Special emphasis is on delineating molecular processes crucial for understanding the aggregation of defects and formation of oxygen bubbles. The knowledge obtained will provide the needed scientific basis for extrapolating long-term behavior of stored radiative waste glass forms. This report summarizes the first 6 months of a 3-year project. The following issues have been addressed: (i) the production of radiolytic oxygen, (ii) the chemistry of hydrogenous species, and (iii) the effect of glass composition and microstructure on the formation and accumulation of metastable point defects.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture Two Volume Set by : Pascal Richet
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture Two Volume Set written by Pascal Richet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 1568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia begins with an introduction summarizing itsscope and content. Glassmaking; Structure of Glass, GlassPhysics,Transport Properties, Chemistry of Glass, Glass and Light,Inorganic Glass Families, Organic Glasses, Glass and theEnvironment, Historical and Economical Aspect of Glassmaking,History of Glass, Glass and Art, and outlinepossible newdevelopments and uses as presented by the best known people in thefield (C.A. Angell, for example). Sections and chapters arearranged in a logical order to ensure overall consistency and avoiduseless repetitions. All sections are introduced by a briefintroduction and attractive illustration. Newly investigatedtopics will be addresses, with the goal of ensuring that thisEncyclopedia remains a reference work for years to come.
Book Synopsis Effects of Radiation Exposure on SRL 131 Composition Glass in a Steam Environment by :
Download or read book Effects of Radiation Exposure on SRL 131 Composition Glass in a Steam Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monoliths of SRL 131 borosilicate glass were irradiated in a saturated air-steam environment, at temperatures of 150[degree]C, to examine the effects of radiation on nuclear waste glass behavior. Half of the tests used actinide and Tc-99 doped glass and were exposed to an external ionizing gamma source, while the remaining glass samples were doped only with uranium and were reacted without any external radiation exposure. The effects of radiation exposure on glass alteration and secondary phase formation were determined by comparing the reaction rates and mineral paragenesis of the two sets of samples. All glass samples readily reacted with the water that condensed on their surfaces, producing a smectite clay layer within the first three days of testing. Additional crystalline phases precipitated on the altered glass surface with increasing reaction times, including zeolites, smectite, calcium and sodium silicates, phosphates, evaporitic salts, and uranyl silicates. Similar phases were produced on both the nonirradiated and irradiated samples; however, the quantity of precipitates was increased and the rate of paragenetic sequence development was accelerated in the latter. After 56 days of testing, the smectite layer developed at an average rate of [approximately]0.16 and 0.63 [mu]m/day for the nonirradiated and irradiated samples, respectively. These comparisons indicate that layer development is accelerated approximately four-fold due to the radiation exposure at high glass surface area/liquid volume (SA/V) conditions. This increase apparently occurs in response to the rapid concentration of radiolytic products, including nitric acid, in the thin films of water contacting the sample monoliths.
Book Synopsis Gamma Irradiation of Nuclear Waste Glass by : James Philip Heuer
Download or read book Gamma Irradiation of Nuclear Waste Glass written by James Philip Heuer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Radiation on Materials by : H. R. Brager
Download or read book Effects of Radiation on Materials written by H. R. Brager and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ceramic & glass radioactive waste forms by : C. R. Cooley
Download or read book Ceramic & glass radioactive waste forms written by C. R. Cooley and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Some Radiation Induced Effects in a Borosilicate Glass by : Robert D. Schmidt
Download or read book A Study of Some Radiation Induced Effects in a Borosilicate Glass written by Robert D. Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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