Iron-induced Deactivation of Raney and Supported Nickel Methanation Catalysts. Annual Progress Report, September 15, 1978-September 15, 1980

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
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Book Synopsis Iron-induced Deactivation of Raney and Supported Nickel Methanation Catalysts. Annual Progress Report, September 15, 1978-September 15, 1980 by :

Download or read book Iron-induced Deactivation of Raney and Supported Nickel Methanation Catalysts. Annual Progress Report, September 15, 1978-September 15, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was concluded that: (1) the decreasing activity of Ni catalyst for methanation is caused by both catalyst sintering and surface sites blocking, probably by carbon deposition; and (2) the increases in particle size are mainly attributed to the formation and subsequent decomposition of Ni(CO)/sub 4/. The local overheating contributes, if any, only minor portions to the observed catalyst sintering. In the extreme cases, such a process can cause massive metal transportation down the catalyst bed. In view of the thermodynamics of carbon deposition via Boudouard reaction and formation of Ni(CO)/sub 4/, the operating temperatures for future kinetic studies should be kept higher than, say, 523 K. Also, the CO exposure times will be kept as short as possible to avoid complication induced by Ni(CO)/sub 4/. The equipment for high pressure Moessbauer spectroscopy will be ready to go in the near future.

Iron-induced Deactivation of Raney and Supported Nickel Methanation Catalysts. Semi-annual Progress Report, September 15, 1978-September 15, 1980

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Book Synopsis Iron-induced Deactivation of Raney and Supported Nickel Methanation Catalysts. Semi-annual Progress Report, September 15, 1978-September 15, 1980 by :

Download or read book Iron-induced Deactivation of Raney and Supported Nickel Methanation Catalysts. Semi-annual Progress Report, September 15, 1978-September 15, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was concluded that: (1) the deactivation of Ni/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ methanation catalysts is caused by particle size growth and surface site blockage (probably by carbon deposition); (2) the particle size growth in Ni/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ methanation catalysts results from the formation of volatile Ni(CO)/sub 4/, vapor phase transport and subsequent decomposition of Ni(CO)/sub 4/; (3) a region of safe operation conditions is found, and justified by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, the proposed criterion is in terms of the equilibrium Ni(CO)/sub 4/ partial pressure, it can also be applied to other Ni/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ systems with different loading and/or geometry; (4) the mechanism of methanation in the unsafe region may be different from that in the safe region; and (5) in-situ Moessbauer spectroscopy has been performed for the first time on a working iron catalyst at high pressure Fischer-Tropsch reaction conditions. In our brief studies, it was clearly shown that under these reactions conditions: (A) the top layer of a precipitated iron catalyst bed is present as a chi-carbide phase, and (B) the bottom layer of a precipitated iron catalyst bed may contain appreciable amounts of magnetite, depending on the CO conversion.

Energy Research Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1740 pages
Book Rating : 4.U/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fossil Energy Update

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 886 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Fossil Energy Update by :

Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Annual Index

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 988 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Government Reports Announcements & Index

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 978 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1981-03 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Development of Unique Catalysts for Hydrodenitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Annual Report, September 15, 1978-September 14, 1979

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
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Book Synopsis Development of Unique Catalysts for Hydrodenitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Annual Report, September 15, 1978-September 14, 1979 by :

Download or read book Development of Unique Catalysts for Hydrodenitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Annual Report, September 15, 1978-September 14, 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary results from decahydroquinoline hydrodenitrogenation runs show that Bronsted acidity by itself will not catalyze carbon-nitrogen bond scission. The C-N bond cleavage must therefore be catalyzed by an active site, which consists of a transition metal ion in close proximity to an acid site. It appears that hydrodenitrogenation requires both an acidic and a basic site for the Hoffman E2 elimination reaction to occur. Several catalysts have been prepared and tested, including Bronsted and Lewis acid catalysts without metal, and silica-alumina and .gamma.-alumina impregnated with molybdenum, vanadium, nickel or iron. Our results show that the nitrogen removal rate was highest for molybdenum on .gamma.-alumina catalyst and the rate decreased with lower Mo concentrations. Aluminum borate and aluminum borate phosphate catalysts (with or without nickel) were prepared to develop novel catalysts that would selectively coordinate the nitrogen atom and remove it without excessive hydrogenation. Results show that the support plays an important role in the nitrogen-removal process. Hydrodenitrogenation of aniline has been studied over a presulfided Ni-Mo/.gamma.-Al2O3 catalyst, and a reaction network has been proposed. Aniline hydrodenitrogenation appears to involve partial hydrogenation of the benzene ring to reduce aromatic resonance with the nitrogen atom, thus reducing the C-N bond strength and facilitating NH3 elimination.

Development of Unique Catalysts for Hydrodenitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Annual Report, September 15, 1979-September 15, 1980

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Book Synopsis Development of Unique Catalysts for Hydrodenitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Annual Report, September 15, 1979-September 15, 1980 by :

Download or read book Development of Unique Catalysts for Hydrodenitrogenation of Coal-derived Liquids. Annual Report, September 15, 1979-September 15, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline and decahydroquinoline has been studied employing several catalysts: Bronsted and Lewis acid catalysts without metal, and silica-alumina, .gamma.-alumina and magnesia impregnated with molybdenum, tungsten, nickel or cobalt. Our results show that nitrogen removal rate was highest for molybdenum on alumina and tungsten on silica-alumina or alumina catalysts. Nitrogen abstraction using .gamma.-alumina support is considerably faster than with magnesia support. Several catalysts have been prepared and tested, with the emphasis on understanding the role of acidity in the carbon-nitrogen bond scission reaction. Hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline has been studied by using Ni, Mo/chlorided or fluorided alumina catalysts, with various halide concentrations. Preliminary results from this study indicate that halogenation of .gamma.-alumina catalysts slightly enhanced the hydrogenolysis activity but showed little effect on the hydrogenation activity. Initial results from phenothiazine hydroprocessing show that carbon-sulfur bonds in the reactant are broken much faster than the carbon-nitrogen bonds. Data relevant to this reaction are being evaluated, utilizing kinetic analysis to give quantitative rates of C-N and C-S bond scission and the extents and rates of hydrogenation. Note: this report contains 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th quarterly reports.

Deactivation of Raney nickel methanation catalyst

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (383 download)

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Download or read book Deactivation of Raney nickel methanation catalyst written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Studies of Supported Metal Catalysts. Progress Report, September 1, 1980-August 31, 1981

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
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Book Synopsis Studies of Supported Metal Catalysts. Progress Report, September 1, 1980-August 31, 1981 by :

Download or read book Studies of Supported Metal Catalysts. Progress Report, September 1, 1980-August 31, 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During this period research has been carried out on five separate catalyst systems. The effect of zinc ions on the interaction between cobalt and .gamma.-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ has been studied. Work on the oxidic Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ system has been published and studies have been extended to the sulfided catalysts. The first phase of work on the Co/Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ system has been completed. Work on W/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts has begun and the oxidic system has been studied in some detail. Work continues on metal-support interactions in supported nickel catalysts. An electron spectroscopy (ESCA) study has been completed and work is continuing on correlation of the ESCA results with measurements like temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPRd).

CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527346635
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis by : Yuichiro Himeda

Download or read book CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis written by Yuichiro Himeda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the effective catalysts and latest advances in CO2 conversion in chemicals and fuels Carbon dioxide hydrogenation is one of the most promising and economic techniques to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals. With contributions from an international team of experts on the topic, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid/formate, methanol, methane, and C2+ products. The book explores the electroreduction of carbon dioxide and contains an overview on hydrogen production from formic acid and methanol. With a practical review of the advances and challenges in future CO2 hydrogenation research, the book provides an important guide for researchers in academia and industry working in the field of catalysis, organometallic chemistry, green and sustainable chemistry, as well as energy conversion and storage. This important book: Offers a unique review of effective catalysts and the latest advances in CO2 conversion Explores how to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals and fuels such as methanol, olefins, gasoline, aromatics Includes the latest research in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis as well as electrocatalysis Highlights advances and challenges for future investigation Written for chemists, catalytic chemists, electrochemists, chemists in industry, and chemical engineers, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive resource to understanding how CO2 emissions can create value-added chemicals.

Hydrogen Technology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540699252
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Hydrogen Technology by : Aline Léon

Download or read book Hydrogen Technology written by Aline Léon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-18 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aline Leon ́ In the last years, public attention was increasingly shifted by the media and world governmentsto the conceptsof saving energy,reducingpollution,protectingthe - vironment, and developing long-term energy supply solutions. In parallel, research funding relating to alternative fuels and energy carriers is increasing on both - tional and international levels. Why has future energy supply become such a matter of concern? The reasons are the problems created by the world’s current energy supply s- tem which is mainly based on fossil fuels. In fact, the energystored in hydrocarb- based solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels was, is, and will be widely consumed for internal combustion engine-based transportation, for electricity and heat generation in residential and industrial sectors, and for the production of fertilizers in agric- ture, as it is convenient, abundant, and cheap. However, such a widespread use of fossil fuels by a constantly growing world population (from 2. 3 billion in 1939 to 6. 5 billion in 2006) gives rise to the two problems of oil supply and environmental degradation. The problemrelated to oil supply is caused by the fact that fossil fuels are not - newable primary energy sources: This means that since the rst barrel of petroleum has been pumped out from the ground, we have been exhausting a heritage given by nature.

Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447150619
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications by : Juan M. Coronado

Download or read book Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications written by Juan M. Coronado and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research for the development of more efficient photocatalysts has experienced an almost exponential growth since its popularization in early 1970’s. Despite the advantages of the widely used TiO2, the yield of the conversion of sun power into chemical energy that can be achieved with this material is limited prompting the research and development of a number of structural, morphological and chemical modifications of TiO2 , as well as a number of novel photocatalysts with very different composition. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a systematic account of the current understanding of the relationships between the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and photoactivity. The already long list of photocatalysts phases and their modifications is increasing day by day. By approaching this field from a material sciences angle, an integrated view allows readers to consider the diversity of photocatalysts globally and in connection with other technologies. Design of Advanced Photocatalytic Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications provides a valuable road-map, outlining the common principles lying behind the diversity of materials, but also delimiting the imprecise border between the contrasted results and the most speculative studies. This broad approach makes it ideal for specialist but also for engineers, researchers and students in related fields.

Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Hydrocarbons

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811002010
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Hydrocarbons by : Kirsten Heimann

Download or read book Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Hydrocarbons written by Kirsten Heimann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details three main topics: the screening and characterization of hydrocarbons from air, soil and water; technologies in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons; and the bioconversion of hydrocarbons for biofuel/chemicals, as well as recent developments in the remediation of hydrocarbons and their environmental benefits. The first section focuses on screening methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons from soil, air and water environments, speciation of hydrocarbons, and natural bioremediation strategies in such environments. The second section examines technologies for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from various environments, especially advanced technologies for the removal of hydrocarbons and in-situ and ex-situ remediation strategies and problems, as well as concrete case studies. The last section, covering the bioconversion of hydrocarbons for biofuel/chemicals, highlights the biochemicals and bioproducts developed from hydrocarbons, with a particular focus on biochemical and chemical technologies used to produce biopolymers, biofuel precursors and commodity chemicals from hydrocarbons.

Iron and Cobalt Catalysts

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Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303928388X
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Iron and Cobalt Catalysts by : Wilson D. Shafer

Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D. Shafer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.

Fuel Cell Handbook

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Publisher : Krieger Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 806 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuel Cell Handbook by : A. J. Appleby

Download or read book Fuel Cell Handbook written by A. J. Appleby and published by Krieger Publishing Company. This book was released on 1993 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Maleic Anhydride Based Materials

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319294547
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Maleic Anhydride Based Materials by : Osama M. Musa

Download or read book Handbook of Maleic Anhydride Based Materials written by Osama M. Musa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A handbook on syntheses and properties, production processes, and applications of maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride derived products – all in one text. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of maleic anhydride chemistry and applications from the professional perspective. With chapters written by leading R&D scientists from the chemical industry, and edited by the Vice President and ASI Technology Chief at Ashland Specialty Ingredients (ASI), Dr. Osama M. Musa, readers will find a unique perspective and summary of the latest advancements in the field of maleic anhydride science. Maleic anhydride is produced industrially on large scale (10E3 kt/annum). Its rich chemistry makes it an important raw material for numerous products and processes (e.g. for applications in polymers and coatings), many of which are covered in this handbook for the first time in a comprehensive manner. The broad scope spans topics ranging from production techniques (including topics such as processes, catalysis, trouble-shooting), synthesis and properties of small and polymeric maleic anhydride based compounds (focusing on industrially relevant compounds as well as emerging areas of importance) and in-depth and broad discussions of commercial maleic anhydride based applications.