Investment Effects Of Wealth Taxes Under Uncertainty And Irreversiblity

Download Investment Effects Of Wealth Taxes Under Uncertainty And Irreversiblity full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Investment Effects Of Wealth Taxes Under Uncertainty And Irreversiblity ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Investment Effects of Wealth Taxes Under Uncertainty and Irreversiblity

Author : Rainer Niemann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Investment Effects of Wealth Taxes Under Uncertainty and Irreversiblity by : Rainer Niemann

Download or read book Investment Effects of Wealth Taxes Under Uncertainty and Irreversiblity written by Rainer Niemann and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing dissatisfaction with perceived distributional inequality and budgetary constraints gave rise to a discussion on the (re-)introduction of wealth taxes. Wealth taxes are typically levied on private wealth, in some countries also on corporate wealth. To avoid misleading statements concerning possible distributional consequences of wealth taxes, preceding analyses of the economic and particularly investment effects are necessary. As investments drive job creation, tax-induced changes in investment timing may significantly affect the income and wealth distribution. We analyze the impact of wealth taxes on investment timing under uncertainty and irreversibility and the propensity to carry out risky projects. Using a Dixit/Pindyck type real options model we find that wealth taxes have real effects. This means that higher wealth tax rates can either stimulate or depress the propensity to invest in risky projects. We find that apparently paradoxical wealth tax effects (accelerated investment due to higher wealth tax rates) are more likely for low interest rates and for high-risk investments. Using either historical cost or fair value accounting may affect investment timing ambiguously. Thus, the design of wealth taxes is crucial for the resulting delay or acceleration of investment. Although our model takes an individual perspective, our findings are also relevant for the current tax policy discussion on the introduction of wealth taxes. Our results indicate that wealth taxes are particularly harmful for specific classes of investments, for example low-risk investments.

Is the Inheritance and Gift Tax a Reasonable Alternative for the Net Wealth Tax?

Author : Anna-Maria Anderwald
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Is the Inheritance and Gift Tax a Reasonable Alternative for the Net Wealth Tax? by : Anna-Maria Anderwald

Download or read book Is the Inheritance and Gift Tax a Reasonable Alternative for the Net Wealth Tax? written by Anna-Maria Anderwald and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Net wealth taxes are one of the most controversial topics in taxation. Strained government finances due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the increasing inequality in the distribution of wealth are fuelling this debate (See, for example, Wealth Tax Commission, A Wealth Tax for the UK, Final Report (2020) that refers to the need to raise substantial revenue after the pandemic). While some countries (Especially France: The net wealth tax - referred to as the ISF (impôt sur la fortune) - was abolished in 2017. See also the overview in Rainer Niemann & Caren Sureth- Sloane, Investment timing effects of wealth taxes under uncertainty and irreversibility, Journal of Business Economics 89, 385 (2019), 405) have abolished net wealth taxes, their (re)introduction is being considered in others (For example, Austria, Germany, and the United States (proposed by Senators Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders), to specify just a few of them). Unfortunately, legal and economic arguments are rarely brought together in the public discussion, and the academic tax community has remained relatively quiet. Given the politically delicate nature of net wealth taxes, an interdisciplinary discussion seems necessary.This policy note focuses on the policy discussion on net wealth taxes from both economic and legal perspectives. It begins by identifying the characteristics of a net wealth tax compared to related taxes, such as property taxes and inheritance and gift taxes (Chapter I.). This is followed by an overview of the status quo of net wealth taxes and wealth-related taxes in the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries (Chapter II.). Building on this, the article deals with the main arguments proposed in the literature in favour of and against the (re)introduction of net wealth taxes (Chapter III.). Since a net wealth tax has far-reaching effects on economic decision-making and on taxpayer compliance, a purely legal analysis is necessarily incomplete and requires an economic counterpart. Likewise, economically motivated tax reform proposals require an analysis of their legitimacy. A comprehensive discussion therefore requires a simultaneous legal and economic analysis.Since net wealth taxes are predominantly justified with distributional reasons, this note also discusses whether an inheritance and gift tax represents a reasonable alternative to a net wealth tax (Chapter IV.). After all, an inheritance and gift tax could also counteract the inequality of wealth. The objective of this article is to provide an interdisciplinary basis for the tax policy debate on wealth-related taxes.

The Impact of Tax Uncertainty on Irreversible Investment

Author : Rainer Niemann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (219 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Impact of Tax Uncertainty on Irreversible Investment by : Rainer Niemann

Download or read book The Impact of Tax Uncertainty on Irreversible Investment written by Rainer Niemann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Impact of Tax Uncertainty on Irreversible Investment

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Impact of Tax Uncertainty on Irreversible Investment by :

Download or read book Impact of Tax Uncertainty on Irreversible Investment written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Investment under Uncertainty

Author : Robert K. Dixit
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400830176
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Investment under Uncertainty by : Robert K. Dixit

Download or read book Investment under Uncertainty written by Robert K. Dixit and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-14 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How should firms decide whether and when to invest in new capital equipment, additions to their workforce, or the development of new products? Why have traditional economic models of investment failed to explain the behavior of investment spending in the United States and other countries? In this book, Avinash Dixit and Robert Pindyck provide the first detailed exposition of a new theoretical approach to the capital investment decisions of firms, stressing the irreversibility of most investment decisions, and the ongoing uncertainty of the economic environment in which these decisions are made. In so doing, they answer important questions about investment decisions and the behavior of investment spending. This new approach to investment recognizes the option value of waiting for better (but never complete) information. It exploits an analogy with the theory of options in financial markets, which permits a much richer dynamic framework than was possible with the traditional theory of investment. The authors present the new theory in a clear and systematic way, and consolidate, synthesize, and extend the various strands of research that have come out of the theory. Their book shows the importance of the theory for understanding investment behavior of firms; develops the implications of this theory for industry dynamics and for government policy concerning investment; and shows how the theory can be applied to specific industries and to a wide variety of business problems.

Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Investment

Author : Robert S. Pindyck
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Investment by : Robert S. Pindyck

Download or read book Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Investment written by Robert S. Pindyck and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irreversible investment is especially sensitive to such risk factors as volatile exchange rates and uncertainty about tariff structures and future cash flows. If the goal of macroeconomic policy is to stimulate investment, stability and credibility may be more important than tax incentives or interest rates.

Wealth

Author : Fouad Sabry
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (661 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Wealth by : Fouad Sabry

Download or read book Wealth written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-01-30 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Wealth The abundance of valuable financial assets or physical goods that can be turned into a form that can be used for transactions is what we mean when we talk about wealth. This includes the fundamental meaning that is held in the English term weal, which originates from an Indo-European word stem and was used in the Old English language. Although the current idea of wealth is significant in all areas of economics, including growth economics and development economics, it is important to note that the meaning of wealth is contingent on the context in which it is used. One is considered wealthy if they have a large amount of wealth in their net worth. It is possible to define net worth as the current value of an individual's assets less their obligations. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Wealth Chapter 2: Economy of Switzerland Chapter 3: Natural capital Chapter 4: Measures of national income and output Chapter 5: Capital (economics) Chapter 6: Millionaire Chapter 7: Net worth Chapter 8: Green gross domestic product Chapter 9: Distribution of wealth Chapter 10: Wealth tax Chapter 11: National accounts Chapter 12: High-net-worth individual Chapter 13: Productive and unproductive labour Chapter 14: Capital formation Chapter 15: International inequality Chapter 16: Affluence in the United States Chapter 17: Asset poverty Chapter 18: Consumer choice Chapter 19: Utility Chapter 20: Surplus value Chapter 21: Indifference curve (II) Answering the public top questions about wealth. (III) Real world examples for the usage of wealth in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Wealth.

Rural Wealth Creation

Author : John L. Pender
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135121893
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Rural Wealth Creation by : John L. Pender

Download or read book Rural Wealth Creation written by John L. Pender and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the role of wealth in achieving sustainable rural economic development. The authors define wealth as all assets net of liabilities that can contribute to well-being, and they provide examples of many forms of capital – physical, financial, human, natural, social, and others. They propose a conceptual framework for rural wealth creation that considers how multiple forms of wealth provide opportunities for rural development, and how development strategies affect the dynamics of wealth. They also provide a new accounting framework for measuring wealth stocks and flows. These conceptual frameworks are employed in case study chapters on measuring rural wealth and on rural wealth creation strategies. Rural Wealth Creation makes numerous contributions to research on sustainable rural development. Important distinctions are drawn to help guide wealth measurement, such as the difference between the wealth located within a region and the wealth owned by residents of a region, and privately owned versus publicly owned wealth. Case study chapters illustrate these distinctions and demonstrate how different forms of wealth can be measured. Several key hypotheses are proposed about the process of rural wealth creation, and these are investigated by case study chapters assessing common rural development strategies, such as promoting rural energy industries and amenity-based development. Based on these case studies, a typology of rural wealth creation strategies is proposed and an approach to mapping the potential of such strategies in different contexts is demonstrated. This book will be relevant to students, researchers, and policy makers looking at rural community development, sustainable economic development, and wealth measurement.

International Evidence on the Effects of Having No Capital Gains Taxes

Author : Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)
Publisher : The Fraser Institute
ISBN 13 : 0889751897
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis International Evidence on the Effects of Having No Capital Gains Taxes by : Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)

Download or read book International Evidence on the Effects of Having No Capital Gains Taxes written by Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.) and published by The Fraser Institute. This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Geopolitical Risk on Stock Returns: Evidence from Inter-Korea Geopolitics

Author : Seungho Jung
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1557759677
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (577 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Geopolitical Risk on Stock Returns: Evidence from Inter-Korea Geopolitics by : Seungho Jung

Download or read book Geopolitical Risk on Stock Returns: Evidence from Inter-Korea Geopolitics written by Seungho Jung and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate how corporate stock returns respond to geopolitical risk in the case of South Korea, which has experienced large and unpredictable geopolitical swings that originate from North Korea. To do so, a monthly index of geopolitical risk from North Korea (the GPRNK index) is constructed using automated keyword searches in South Korean media. The GPRNK index, designed to capture both upside and downside risk, corroborates that geopolitical risk sharply increases with the occurrence of nuclear tests, missile launches, or military confrontations, and decreases significantly around the times of summit meetings or multilateral talks. Using firm-level data, we find that heightened geopolitical risk reduces stock returns, and that the reductions in stock returns are greater especially for large firms, firms with a higher share of domestic investors, and for firms with a higher ratio of fixed assets to total assets. These results suggest that international portfolio diversification and investment irreversibility are important channels through which geopolitical risk affects stock returns.

Development Macroeconomics

Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691165394
Total Pages : 792 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Development Macroeconomics by : Pierre-Richard Agénor

Download or read book Development Macroeconomics written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global financial crisis triggered severe shocks for developing countries, whose embrace of greater commercial and financial openness has increased their exposure to external shocks, both real and financial. This new edition of Development Macroeconomics has been fully revised to address the more open and less stable environment in which developing countries operate today. Describing the latest advances in this rapidly changing field, the book features expanded coverage of public debt and the management of capital inflows as well as new material on fiscal discipline, monetary policy regimes, currency, banking and sovereign debt crises, currency unions, and the choice of an exchange-rate regime. A new chapter on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models with financial frictions has been added to reflect how the financial crisis has reshaped our thinking on the role of such frictions in generating and propagating real and financial shocks. The book also discusses the role of macroprudential regulation, both independently and through its interactions with monetary policy, in preserving financial and macroeconomic stability. Now in its fourth edition, Development Macroeconomics remains the definitive textbook on the macroeconomics of developing countries. The most authoritative book on the subject—now fully revised and expanded Features new material on fiscal discipline, monetary policy regimes, currency, banking and sovereign debt crises, and much more Comes with online supplements on informal financial markets, stabilization programs, the solution of DSGE models with financial frictions, and exchange rate crises

Real R & D Options

Author : Dean Paxson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080497977
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Real R & D Options by : Dean Paxson

Download or read book Real R & D Options written by Dean Paxson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-12-05 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real R&D options are among the earliest modelled real options, with now ten primary practical uses: general R&D planning, planning R&D in stages, evaluating test information, new product development timing, operations, abandonment, risk sharing, market funding, industry strategy and regulation. This book was partly motivated by requests to identify and develop real option models for R&D in telecommunications, petroleum technology and biotechnology. Nine new models cover information and implementation costs, analytical solutions for mean reverting, or fat tailed revenues, endogenous learning and exogenous and experiential shocks, American sequential options, and innovator advantages. Four new applications include forward start development options, exploration options, innovation with information costs, and innovator's real values with changing market share. R&D directors and researchers will find several uses for these models: - general R&D planning - evaluating test information - new product development timing - risk sharing - industry strategy and regulation - A practical guide to how organizations can use Real Option techniques to effectively value research and development by companies - Provides a rigorous theoretical underpinning of the use of Real Option techniques - Real Options applications are orientated around the economies of North America, Europe and Asia, for an international perspective

Tax simplification - An African Perspective Edited by Chris Evans, Riël Franzsen, Elizabeth (Lilla) Stack 2019

Author : Edited by Chris Evans, Riël Franzsen, Elizabeth (Lilla) Stack
Publisher : Pretoria University Law Press
ISBN 13 : 1920538968
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (25 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tax simplification - An African Perspective Edited by Chris Evans, Riël Franzsen, Elizabeth (Lilla) Stack 2019 by : Edited by Chris Evans, Riël Franzsen, Elizabeth (Lilla) Stack

Download or read book Tax simplification - An African Perspective Edited by Chris Evans, Riël Franzsen, Elizabeth (Lilla) Stack 2019 written by Edited by Chris Evans, Riël Franzsen, Elizabeth (Lilla) Stack and published by Pretoria University Law Press. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax simplification - An African Perspective Edited by Chris Evans, Riël Franzsen, Elizabeth (Lilla) Stack 2019 ISBN: 978-1-920538-96-5 Pages: 347 Print version: Available Electronic version: Free PDF available About the publication Why are tax systems so complex and what are the causes and consequences of such complexity? The simplification of tax systems is one of the most important issues faced today in worldwide efforts to modernise and strengthen government finance and revenue raising capacities. Nowhere is it more important than throughout the rapidly emerging economies of the dynamic African region. This volume brings together contributions in this field from a conference held in South Africa in October 2018 and provides a unique synthesis of knowledge and understanding gained from the specialist expertise and diverse backgrounds brought to the tax simplification debate by those authors. Featured topics include: Taxpayers’ rights to simplicity The African experience of tax simplification Simplification trends among small and medium sized entities Pension tax simplification Sources of complexity in value added taxation Simplification of recurrent property taxes Complexity and approaches to international taxation Complexity and taxation of multinational enterprises Lessons from overseas. The analysis of these topics includes timely and relevant perspectives from the experience in other jurisdictions including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. The volume will be an essential reference for researchers and others interested in the field from academia, government, legal and accounting practice and public policy organisations in African and other countries worldwide.Table of Contents Preface Foreword – Tax Simplification in the United Kingdom: Some Personal Reflections John Whiting Contributors Introduction Elizabeth (Lilla) Stack, Chris Evans and Riël Franzsen Tax Complexity and Tax Simplification: A Critical Review of Concepts and Issues Binh Tran-Nam, Annet Wanyana Oguttu and Kyle Mandy The Taxpayers’ Right to Tax Simplicity in South Africa and the United States Carika Fritz and Nina E Olson The Role of the Office of Tax Simplification in the United Kingdom and Lessons for Other Countries Yige Zu and Lynne Oats An Analysis of the Tax Simplification Initiatives for Pension Provision in the United Kingdom and South Africa Bernadene de Clercq, Andy Lymer and Chris Axelson Simplification Lessons from New Zealand Adrian Sawyer, Marina Bornman and Greg Smith Legal Uncertainty in the South African VAT Marius van Oordt and Richard Krever Simplifying Recurrent Property Taxes in Africa Riël Franzsen, Abdallah Ali-Nakyea and Adams Tommy Statutory and Effective Complexity for Individual Taxpayers in South Africa Sharon Smulders, Karen Stark and Deborah Tickle Small and Micro Businesses: Case Studies on the Complexity of ‘Simplified’ Schemes Heinrich Dixon, Judith Freedman and Wollela Abehodie Yesegat Tax Complexity for Multinational Corporations in South Africa – Evidence from a Global Survey Thomas Hoppe, Reyhaneh Safaei, Amanda Singleton and Caren Sureth-Sloane International Tax Simplification in South Africa through Managing Substantive Complexity and Improving Drafting Efficiency Jinyan Li and Teresa Pidduck Bibliography Index

The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity

Author : Richard Hemming
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity by : Richard Hemming

Download or read book The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity written by Richard Hemming and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The focus is on the size of fiscal multipliers, and on the possibility that multipliers can turn negative (i.e., that fiscal contractions can be expansionary). The paper concludes that fiscal multipliers are overwhelmingly positive but small. However, there is some evidence of negative fiscal multipliers.

Nber Macroeconomics Annual 1993

Author : Olivier Blanchard
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262521840
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nber Macroeconomics Annual 1993 by : Olivier Blanchard

Download or read book Nber Macroeconomics Annual 1993 written by Olivier Blanchard and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annual is designed to stimulate research on problems in applied economics, to bring frontier theoretical developments to a wider audience, and to accelerate the interaction between analytical and empirical research in macroeconomics

Handbook of the Economics of Risk and Uncertainty

Author : Mark Machina
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444536868
Total Pages : 897 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of the Economics of Risk and Uncertainty by : Mark Machina

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Risk and Uncertainty written by Mark Machina and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-11-14 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to understand the theories and applications of economic and finance risk has been clear to everyone since the financial crisis, and this collection of original essays proffers broad, high-level explanations of risk and uncertainty. The economics of risk and uncertainty is unlike most branches of economics in spanning from the individual decision-maker to the market (and indeed, social decisions), and ranging from purely theoretical analysis through individual experimentation, empirical analysis, and applied and policy decisions. It also has close and sometimes conflicting relationships with theoretical and applied statistics, and psychology. The aim of this volume is to provide an overview of diverse aspects of this field, ranging from classical and foundational work through current developments. - Presents coherent summaries of risk and uncertainty that inform major areas in economics and finance - Divides coverage between theoretical, empirical, and experimental findings - Makes the economics of risk and uncertainty accessible to scholars in fields outside economics

Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019/2020

Author : World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815437
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019/2020 by : World Bank Group

Download or read book Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019/2020 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-07-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Investment Competitiveness Report 2019-2020 provides novel analytical insights, empirical evidence, and actionable recommendations for governments seeking to enhance investor confidence in times of uncertainty. The report's findings and policy recommendations are organized around "3 ICs" - they provide guidance to governments on how to increase investments' contributions to their country's development, enhance investor confidence, and foster their economies' investment competitiveness. The report presents results of a new survey of more than 2,400 business executives representing FDI in 10 large developing countries: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. The results show that over half of surveyed foreign businesses have already been adversely affected by policy uncertainty, experiencing a decrease in employment, firm productivity, or investment. Foreign investors report that supporting political environments, stable macroeconomic conditions, and conducive regulatory regimes are their top three investment decision factors. Moreover, the report's new global database of regulatory risk shows that predictability and transparency increase investor confidence and FDI flows. The report also assesses the impact of FD! on poverty, inequality, employment, and firm performance using evidence from various countries. It shows that FDI in developing countries yields benefits to their firms and citizens-including more and better-paid jobs-but governments need to be vigilant about possible adverse consequences on income distribution. The report is organized in S chapters: Chapter 1 presents the results of the foreign investor survey. Chapter 2 explores the differential performance and development impact of greenfield FDI, local firms acquired by multinational corporations {i.e. brownfield FDI), and domestically-owned firms using evidence from six countries. Chapter 3 assesses the impact of FDI on poverty, inequality, employment and wages, using case study evidence from Ethiopia, Turkey and Vietnam. Chapter 4 presents a new framework to measure FDI regulatory risk that is linked to specific legal and regulatory measures. Chapter S focuses on factors for increasing the effectiveness of investment promotion agencies.