Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Investigation Of The Total Organic Halogen Analytical Method At The Waste Sampling Characterization Facility Wscf
Download Investigation Of The Total Organic Halogen Analytical Method At The Waste Sampling Characterization Facility Wscf full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Investigation Of The Total Organic Halogen Analytical Method At The Waste Sampling Characterization Facility Wscf ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis INVESTIGATION OF THE TOTAL ORGANIC HALOGEN ANALYTICAL METHOD AT THE WASTE SAMPLING CHARACTERIZATION FACILITY (WSCF). by :
Download or read book INVESTIGATION OF THE TOTAL ORGANIC HALOGEN ANALYTICAL METHOD AT THE WASTE SAMPLING CHARACTERIZATION FACILITY (WSCF). written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total organic halogen (TOX) is used as a parameter to screen groundwater samples at the Hanford Site. Trending is done for each groundwater well, and changes in TOX and other screening parameters can lead to costly changes in the monitoring protocol. The Waste Sampling and Characterization Facility (WSCF) analyzes groundwater samples for TOX using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SW-846 method 9020B (EPA 1996a). Samples from the Soil and Groundwater Remediation Project (S & GRP) are submitted to the WSCF for analysis without information regarding the source of the sample; each sample is in essence a 'blind' sample to the laboratory. Feedback from the S & GRP indicated that some of the WSCF-generated TOX data from groundwater wells had a number of outlier values based on the historical trends (Anastos 2008a). Additionally, analysts at WSCF observed inconsistent TOX results among field sample replicates. Therefore, the WSCF lab performed an investigation of the TOX analysis to determine the cause of the outlier data points. Two causes were found that contributed to generating out-of-trend TOX data: (1) The presence of inorganic chloride in the groundwater samples: at inorganic chloride concentrations greater than about 10 parts per million (ppm), apparent TOX values increase with increasing chloride concentration. A parallel observation is the increase in apparent breakthrough of TOX from the first to the second activated-carbon adsorption tubes with increasing inorganic chloride concentration. (2) During the sample preparation step, excessive purging of the adsorption tubes with oxygen pressurization gas after sample loading may cause channeling in the activated-carbon bed. This channeling leads to poor removal of inorganic chloride during the subsequent wash step with aqueous potassium nitrate. The presence of this residual inorganic chloride then produces erroneously high TOX values. Changes in sample preparation were studied to more effectively remove inorganic chloride from the activated carbon adsorption tubes. With the TOX sample preparation equipment and TOX analyzers at WSCF, the nitrate wash recommended by EPA SW-846 method 9020B was found to be inadequate to remove inorganic chloride interference. Increasing the nitrate wash concentration from 10 grams per liter (g/L) to 100 g/L potassium nitrate and increasing the nitrate wash volume from 3 milliliters (mL) to 10 mL effectively removed the inorganic chloride up to at least 100 ppm chloride in the sample matrix. Excessive purging of the adsorption tubes during sample preparation was eliminated. These changes in sample preparation have been incorporated in the analytical procedure. The results using the revised sample preparation procedure show better agreement of TOX values both for replicate analyses of single samples and for the analysis of replicate samples acquired from the same groundwater well. Furthermore, less apparent column breakthrough now occurs with the revised procedure. One additional modification made to sample preparation was to discontinue the treatment of groundwater samples with sodium bisulfite. Sodium bisulfite is used to remove inorganic chlorine from the sample; inorganic chlorine is not expected to be a constituent in these groundwater samples. Several other factors were also investigated as possible sources of anomalous TOX results: (1) Instrument instability: examination of the history of results for TOX laboratory control samples and initial calibration verification standards indicate good long-term precision for the method and instrument. Determination of a method detection limit of 2.3 ppb in a deionized water matrix indicates the method and instrumentation have good stability and repeatability. (2) Non-linear instrument response: the instrument is shown to have good linear response from zero to 200 parts per billion (ppb) TOX. This concentration range encompasses the majority of samples received at WSCF for TOX analysis. (3) Improper sample preservation: ion-chromatographic analysis of several samples with anomalous TOX results revealed that the samples were properly preserved with sulfuric acid and not hydrochloric acid.
Book Synopsis INVESTIGATION OF THE TOTAL ORGANIC HALOGEN ANALYTICAL METHOD AT THE WASTE SAMPLING AND CHARACTERIZATION FACILITY. by :
Download or read book INVESTIGATION OF THE TOTAL ORGANIC HALOGEN ANALYTICAL METHOD AT THE WASTE SAMPLING AND CHARACTERIZATION FACILITY. written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total organic halogen (TOX) is used as a parameter to screen groundwater samples at the Hanford Site. Trending is done for each groundwater well, and changes in TOX and other screening parameters can lead to costly changes in the monitoring protocol. The Waste Sampling and Characterization Facility (WSCF) analyzes groundwater samples for TOX using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SW-S46 method 9020B (EPA 1996a). Samples from the Soil and Groundwater Remediation Project (SGRP) are submitted to the WSCF for analysis without information regarding the source of the sample; each sample is in essence a ''blind'' sample to the laboratory. Feedback from the SGRP indicated that some of the WSCF-generated TOX data from groundwater wells had a number of outlier values based on the historical trends (Anastos 200Sa). Additionally, analysts at WSCF observed inconsistent TOX results among field sample replicates. Therefore, the WSCF lab performed an investigation of the TOX analysis to determine the cause of the outlier data points. Two causes were found that contributed to generating out-of-trend TOX data: (1) The presence of inorganic chloride in the groundwater samples: at inorganic chloride concentrations greater than about 10 parts per million (ppm), apparent TOX values increase with increasing chloride concentration. A parallel observation is the increase in apparent breakthrough of TOX from the first to the second activated-carbon adsorption tubes with increasing inorganic chloride concentration. (2) During the sample preparation step, excessive purging of the adsorption tubes with oxygen pressurization gas after sample loading may cause channeling in the activated carbon bed. This channeling leads to poor removal of inorganic chloride during the subsequent wash step with aqueous potassium nitrate. The presence of this residual inorganic chloride then produces erroneously high TOX values. Changes in sample preparation were studied to more effectively remove inorganic chloride from the activated-carbon adsorption tubes. With the TOX sample preparation equipment and TOX analyzers at WSCF, the nitrate wash recommended by EPA SW-846 method 9020B was found to be inadequate to remove inorganic chloride interference. Increasing the nitrate wash concentration from 10 grams per liter (g/L) to 100 giL potassium nitrate and increasing the nitrate wash volume from 3 milliliters (mL) to 10 mL effectively removed the inorganic chloride up to at least 100 ppm chloride in the sample matrix. Excessive purging of the adsorption tubes during sample preparation was eliminated. These changes in sample preparation have been incorporated in the analytical procedure. The results using the revised sample preparation procedure show better agreement of TOX values both for replicate analyses of single samples and for the analysis of replicate samples acquired from the same groundwater well. Furthermore, less apparent adsorption tube breakthrough now occurs with the revised procedure. One additional modification made to sample preparation was to discontinue the treatment of groundwater samples with sodium bisulfite. Sodium bisulfite is used to remove inorganic chlorine from the sample; inorganic chlorine is not expected to be a constituent in these groundwater samples. Several other factors were also investigated as possible sources of anomalous TOX results: (1) Instrument instability: examination of the history of results for TOX laboratory control samples and initial calibration verification standards indicate good long-term precision for the method and instrument. Determination of a method detection limit of 2.3 ppb in a deionized water matrix indicates the method and instrumentation have good stability and repeatability. (2) Non-linear instrument response: the instrument is shown to have good linear response from zero to 200 parts per billion (ppb) TOX. This concentration range encompasses the majority of samples received at WSCF for TOX analysis. Linear response was checked using both non-volatile TOX species (trichlorophenol) and volatile TOX species. Average recoveries of the volatile TOX species ranged between 50% and 75%. (3) Improper sample preservation: ion-chromatographic analysis of several samples with anomalous TOX results revealed that the samples were properly preserved with sulfuric acid and not hydrochloric acid.
Book Synopsis Analytical Chemistry of Organic Halogen Compounds by : L. Mázor
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Organic Halogen Compounds written by L. Mázor and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Chemistry of Organic Halogen Compounds presents the procedures applied in the analysis of organic halogen compounds. This book is composed of eight chapters that discuss the methods involved in the production and application of organic halogen compounds and in overcoming contamination problems caused by these compounds. After briefly dealing with the preparation, characteristics, and reactions of organic halogen compounds, this book goes on discussing the fundamental concepts of methods for the detection of halogens in organic compounds, namely, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine. The following chapter describes the characteristic features, advantages, and disadvantages of ultramicro and submicro chemical methods. A chapter also examines the qualitative and quantitative studies of organic halogen compounds based on the thermal and chemical stability of these compounds. The concluding chapters discuss the interference or interfering effects of halogens and their elimination in the determination of other elements. A list of physical constants of organic halogen compounds of general pharmaceutical and industrial significance is provided. This book is an ideal source for analytical chemists and other workers who are interested in the theoretical bases of the methods.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Total Organic Halogen Produced During Disinfection Processes by : David A. Reckhow
Download or read book Characterization of Total Organic Halogen Produced During Disinfection Processes written by David A. Reckhow and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2008-04-13 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been known since the early 1970s that the application of disinfectants, especially chlorine, results in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), most of which contain covalently bound chlorine, bromine, or iodine. These are known as the halogenated DBPs and they can be measured by a non-specific analytical method know as TOX. Despite nearly three decades of research there still remains a large fraction of DBPs that have not been identified. By comparing the TOX values with the halides attributed to known identifiable by-products (trihalomethanes [THMs], haloacetic acids [HAAs], etc.) we can estimate the unknown TOX (abbreviated here as UTOX) and better understand the formation of these unknown compounds. The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the nature and chemical characteristics of the unknown fraction of the total organic halogen (UTOX) produced during chlorination and alternative disinfection processes (i.e., chloramination, chlorine dioxide, ozone disinfection); (2) assess the impact of treatment on removal of UTOX precursors; and (3) determine the best total organic halide (TOX) protocol to use with ion chromatography (IC) analysis for the purposes of discriminating between total organic chlorine (TOCl), total organic bromine (TOBr), and total organic iodine (TOI). It was found that TOCl, TOBr, and TOI can be accurately and rapidly measured with conventional TOX instruments and an ion chromatograph. Iodide is rapidly oxidized to active iodine under a variety of treatment scenarios, and this leads to large amounts of TOI and measurable amounts of iodinated THMs. However, high levels of free chlorine can over-oxidize the iodide (forming iodate), which does not result in TOI formation. Substantial differences were noted in the tendency for various NOM fractions (hydrophobic, hydrophilic) to form specific classes of DBPs. This behavior was specific to the oxidant such that the major sources of DBP precursors for chlorination were not the same as those observed for chloramination. It was also found that corrosion control compounds can affect DBP distributions and halogen incorporation factors.
Book Synopsis A Rapid Method for Determination of Total Organic Halogens in Industrial Waste Samples by : WJ. Ziegler
Download or read book A Rapid Method for Determination of Total Organic Halogens in Industrial Waste Samples written by WJ. Ziegler and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapid method for determining total organic halogens (TOX) in industrial waste samples has been developed and validated. Total organic halogens is an indicator parameter specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to be of environmental significance as representative of toxic organic halogenated compounds. The validation study included 36 compounds representing all halogenated organic classes on the EPA priority pollutant list. The recovery data indicate that the method is quantitative for all halogenated organic classes with a detection limit of 3.5 ppm (micrograms per gram) as inorganic chloride [approximately 6.5 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)]. The analysis can be performed within 20 min and can be used to screen hazardous waste samples for PCBs at the 50-ppm enforcement limit of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Waste. Halogen and Sulfur Content. Oxygen Combustion in Closed Systems and Determination Methods by : British Standards Institute Staff
Download or read book Characterization of Waste. Halogen and Sulfur Content. Oxygen Combustion in Closed Systems and Determination Methods written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2007-04-30 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastes, Waste disposal, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Sulfur, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Combustion products, Combustion test methods, Bomb methods, Test equipment, Incineration (waste)
Book Synopsis Purification of Laboratory Chemicals by : W.L.F. Armarego
Download or read book Purification of Laboratory Chemicals written by W.L.F. Armarego and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-03-07 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its fifth edition, the book has been updated to include more detailed descriptions of new or more commonly used techniques since the last edition as well as remove those that are no longer used, procedures which have been developed recently, ionization constants (pKa values) and also more detail about the trivial names of compounds.In addition to having two general chapters on purification procedures, this book provides details of the physical properties and purification procedures, taken from literature, of a very extensive number of organic, inorganic and biochemical compounds which are commercially available. This is the only complete source that covers the purification of laboratory chemicals that are commercially available in this manner and format.* Complete update of this valuable, well-known reference* Provides purification procedures of commercially available chemicals and biochemicals* Includes an extremely useful compilation of ionisation constants
Book Synopsis Vegetable Fiber Composites and their Technological Applications by : Mohammad Jawaid
Download or read book Vegetable Fiber Composites and their Technological Applications written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores vegetable fiber composite as an eco-friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable material that has many potential industrial applications. The use of vegetable fiber composite supports the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to utilize more sustainable and greener composite materials, which are also easy to handle and locally easily available with economical production costs. This book presents various types of vegetable fiber composite and its processing methods and treatments to obtain desirable properties for certain applications. The book caters to researchers and students who are working in the field of bio-composites and green materials.
Book Synopsis Environmental Radiation Measurements by : National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
Download or read book Environmental Radiation Measurements written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by Ncrp. This book was released on 1976 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In recent years, the need for accurate, reliable and interpretable measurements of environmental radiation and radioactivity has increased steadily. Such requirements as the assessment of exposure to man from natural and manmade sources, the evaluation of compliance with governmental regulations, knowledge of the movement and retention of manmade radionuclides due to man's use of such materials, and the investigation of geological processes and atmospheric phenomena have all contributed to this need. This report presents a unified and systematic consideration of environmental radiation measurements, especially with respect to the identification and characterization of smalll radiation fields and small concentrations of specific radionuclides, and the even smaller variations or changes in them. The role of measurements in the realistic assessment of dose to man through critical pathways is emphasized, serving as an introduction to the detailed discussions on sampling and sample analysis for radioactivity. Finally, the future needs and uses of environmental measurements, of new instrumentation, and of improved interpretations of the results are presented." --From Preface, page iii.
Book Synopsis Antimicrobial Textiles by : Gang Sun
Download or read book Antimicrobial Textiles written by Gang Sun and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial textiles have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years due to their potential for reducing the transmission of infection in medical and healthcare environments. Antimicrobial properties can also improve the performance and lifespan of consumer products, and so these fabrics are increasingly finding applications in the wider textile and apparel industry. This book provides systematic coverage of the technologies and materials required for developing these important textiles. In Part One, chapters address key issues and technologies in the creation of antimicrobial textile products. Topics covered include testing and regulation, microencapsulation, sol-gel coating and plasma technologies, nanotechnology and life cycle assessment. Part Two then reviews key antimicrobial agents, such as N-halamines, plant based compounds and photo-active chemicals. Finally, the chapters of Part Three offer detailed reviews of antimicrobial textiles for particular important applications, including medical devices, protective clothing and products with improved durability and longevity. - Reviews key issues and technologies in the creation of antimicrobial textile products - Offered a detailed overview of by antimicrobial agents and a wide range of important applications - Produced by an experienced editor and a distinguished and international team of contributors
Author :Assembly of Life Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :294 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride by : Assembly of Life Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants
Download or read book Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride written by Assembly of Life Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 INTRODUCTION. 2 SOURCERS OF CHLORINE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE. 3 CONSUMPTION OF CHLORINE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE. 4 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF CHLORINE COMPOUNDS. 5 EFFECTS OF CHLORINE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE ON MAN AND ANIMALS. 6 EFFECTS OF CHLORINE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE ON VEGETATION. 7 PROPERTY DAMAGE AND PUBLIC NUISANCE. 8 SAFETY IN USE AND HANDLING OF CHLORINE AND ANHYDROUS HYDROGEN CHLORIDE.
Book Synopsis Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons by : A. C. Moffat
Download or read book Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons written by A. C. Moffat and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual and reference work provides a source of analytical data for drugs and related substances. It is intended for scientists faced with the difficult problem of identifying a drug in a pharmaceutical product, in a sample of tissue or body fluid, from a living patient or in post-mortem material. Volume One contains 32 chapters covering the practice of and analytical procedures used in forensic toxicology. Volume Two contains over 1750 drug and related substance monographs detailing: physical properties; analytical methods; pharmacokinetic data; and toxicity data, as well as expanded indexes and appendices. These volumes should be useful for all forensic and crime laboratories, toxicologists and analytical chemists, pathologists, poison information centres and clinical pharmacology departments.
Book Synopsis Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons, 4th Edition (Book + 1-Year Online Access Package) by : Anthony C. Moffat
Download or read book Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons, 4th Edition (Book + 1-Year Online Access Package) written by Anthony C. Moffat and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons is the definitive source of analytical data for drugs and poisons. Written by over 40 international experts, the resource also boasts an editorial advisory board of over 45 world renowned scientists. This reference work has been completely revised and updated for the new edition, and comprises two volumes. The book is essential for all forensic and clinical toxicologists, pathologists, hospital pharmacists, pharmaceutical analysts, clinical pharmacologists, clinical and forensic laboratories, and poison information centres.
Download or read book DOE this Month written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lining of Waste Impoundment and Disposal Facilities by :
Download or read book Lining of Waste Impoundment and Disposal Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil by : John M. Kimble
Download or read book Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil written by John M. Kimble and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change is one factor driving agricultural policy development of programs that might pay farmers for practices with a high potential to sequester carbon. With chapters by economists, policy makers, farmers, land managers, energy company representatives, and soil scientists, Agricu
Book Synopsis Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites by : Dr. Inamuddin
Download or read book Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites written by Dr. Inamuddin and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2019-08-07 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains papers describing the results of some research in the area of application diffusion and transport phenomena in polymer composite materials and substances for the industrial and engineering goals. We hope that the presented papers will be interesting and useful for many engineers and researchers.
