Investigation Of The Relationships Between Rat Ultrasonic Vocalizations Reward And Dopamine Transmission

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Investigation of the Relationships Between Rat Ultrasonic Vocalizations, Reward and Dopamine Transmission

Author : Tina Scardochio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (948 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of the Relationships Between Rat Ultrasonic Vocalizations, Reward and Dopamine Transmission by : Tina Scardochio

Download or read book Investigation of the Relationships Between Rat Ultrasonic Vocalizations, Reward and Dopamine Transmission written by Tina Scardochio and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Adult rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations primarily around two frequencies: 22- and 50-kHz. These two broad categories of calls are commonly associated with contexts and stimuli that are either aversive or reinforcing, respectively. The 50-kHz call type can be subdivided into 14 subtypes, and several lines of evidence suggest that the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system promotes 50-kHz call emission.The first aim of this thesis (Chapter 2) was to determine whether 50-kHz calls can be elicited by enhancing DAergic signaling pharmacologically. Instead, systemic administration of selective DAergic receptor agonists decreased 50-kHz call rates, thus mimicking the effects of DA receptor antagonists. These findings suggested that DAergic transmission is necessary, but is not sufficient, for call emission. According to recent reports, psychostimulants (e.g. cocaine and amphetamine), which reliably increase 50-kHz calls, also increase phasic DA release. To reconcile the seemingly conflicting findings from Chapter 2, we hypothesized that phasic DA release is required for the production of 50-kHz calls. According to this hypothesis, tonic activation of postsynaptic receptors by DAergic agonists would have inhibited the transmission of phasic DA signals, thereby producing a call-depressant effect, as observed following the administration of antagonists. Therefore, in Chapter 3, we investigated the relationship between phasic DA release and 50-kHz vocalizations. First, we confirmed that electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) produced 50-kHz vocalizations. We showed that these calls were time-locked with phasic DA release, which we recorded in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of freely moving animals using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). The associated call profile, with a preponderance of trill calls, was similar to that following administration of psychostimulants. Next, we showed that optogenetic stimulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) DAergic neurons was also associated with high call rates, with trills again predominating. Call rates were significantly higher during non-contingent vs. response-contingent stimulation. Although rats continued to respond for, or passively receive, optogenetic stimulation throughout the 2-hour session, they virtually ceased calling within 30 minutes. Taken together, the results from Chapter 3 suggest that phasic DA release in the mesolimbic system, even though reinforcing, is not sufficient to elicit 50-kHz calls. In a final study (Chapter 4), we investigated the relationship between phasic DA release and amphetamine (AMPH)-induced calls. Systemic administration of AMPH increased the 50-kHz call rate, with an inverted-U shaped dose-response relationship. Conversely, co-administration of selective DAergic agonists with AMPH significantly decreased calls. Next, we recorded phasic release in the NAcc using FSCV following the acute administration of AMPH. AMPH (tested at 0.3 - 4 mg/kg) also increased the amplitude of DA transients without affecting their duration or frequency. As expected, AMPH also significantly increased 50-kHz call rates. However, phasic DA release in the NAcc did not co-occur with 50-kHz calls. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the number of USVs and the frequency, duration or amplitude of transients, suggesting that phasic DA release in the NAcc is not necessary for the emission of AMPH-induced vocalizations.In summary, the present findings indicate that although 50-kHz call emission is strongly dependent on DA transmission, phasic DA release in the NAcc appears neither sufficient nor necessary for their occurrence." --

Handbook of Ultrasonic Vocalization

Author : Stefan M Brudzynski
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128097736
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Ultrasonic Vocalization by : Stefan M Brudzynski

Download or read book Handbook of Ultrasonic Vocalization written by Stefan M Brudzynski and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Ultrasonic Vocalization: Window into the Mammalian Brain, Volume 25, is an exhaustive resource on ultrasonic vocalizations in vertebrates, providing full coverage of all aspects of these vocalizations. The book also demonstrates the usefulness of ultrasonic vocalizations in studies of animal communication, sociobiological states, and in mammalian models of affective disorders, addictions and neurodevelopmental disorders, making it an indispensable resource for researchers using animal models. The book begins with the evolution of vocal communication before discussing mechanisms of ultrasound production, perception and the brain systems involved in emotional arousal that are responsible for the generation of vocalization and emotional states. In addition, the book covers studies of neuroactive agents and sociopsychological conditions that can regulate the outcome of ultrasonic vocalization and provide clues about animals’ internal states. Critically, the book also includes thorough coverage of pharmacological investigations using ultrasonic vocalizations, increasingly being utilized for studies in affective disorders, psychoses, addiction and alcoholism. No other book provides such extensive coverage of this rapidly growing field of study. Represents a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates evolution, communication, behavioral homeostasis, emotional expression and neuropsychiatric dysfunction Provides a systematic review of ultrasonic vocalizations in major groups of rodents widely used in laboratory research Discusses numerous other species across vertebrates that emit ultrasounds

Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology

Author : Sebastian Löbner
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030502007
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology by : Sebastian Löbner

Download or read book Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology written by Sebastian Löbner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents novel theoretical, empirical and experimental work exploring the nature of mental representations that support natural language production and understanding, and other manifestations of cognition. One fundamental question raised in the text is whether requisite knowledge structures can be adequately modeled by means of a uniform representational format, and if so, what exactly is its nature. Frames are a key topic covered which have had a strong impact on the exploration of knowledge representations in artificial intelligence, psychology and linguistics; cascades are a novel development in frame theory. Other key subject areas explored are: concepts and categorization, the experimental investigation of mental representation, as well as cognitive analysis in semantics. This book is of interest to students, researchers, and professionals working on cognition in the fields of linguistics, philosophy, and psychology.

Handbook of Mammalian Vocalization

Author : Stefan M Brudzynski
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080923372
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Mammalian Vocalization by : Stefan M Brudzynski

Download or read book Handbook of Mammalian Vocalization written by Stefan M Brudzynski and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-12-08 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Mammalian Vocalization is designed as a broad and comprehensive, but well-balanced book, written from the neuroscience point of view in the broad sense of this term. This well-illustrated Handbook pays particular attention to systematically organized details but also to the explanatory style of the text and internal cohesiveness of the content, so the successive chapters gradually develop a consistent story without losing the inherent complexity. Studies from many species are included, however rodents dominate, as most of the brain investigations were done on these species. The leading idea of the Handbook is that vocalizations evolved as highly adaptive specific signals, which are selectively picked up by the brain. The brain serves as a receptor and behavioural amplifier. Brain systems will be described, which allow vocal signals rapidly changing the entire state of the organism and trigger vital biological responses, usually also with accompanying emission of vocalizations. Integrative brain functions leading to vocal outcome will be described, along with the vocalization generators and motor output to larynx and other supportive motor subsystems. The last sections of the Handbook explains bioacoustic structure of vocalizations, present understanding of information coding, and origins of the complex semiotic/ semantic content of vocalizations in social mammals. The Handbook is a major source of information for professionals from many fields, with a neuroscience approach as a common denominator. The handbook provides consistent and unified understanding of all major aspects of vocalization in a monographic manner, and at the same time, gives an encyclopaedic overview of major topics associated with vocalization from molecular/ cellular level to behavior and cognitive processing. It is written in a strictly scientific way but clear enough to serve not only for specialized researchers in different fields of neuroscience but also for academic teachers of neuroscience, including behavioural neuroscience, affective neuroscience, clinical neuroscience, neuroethology, biopsychology, neurolingusitics, speech pathology, and other related fields, and also for research fellows, graduate and other advanced students, who widely need such a source publication. The first comprehensive handbook on what we know about vocalization in Mammalians Carefully edited, the handbook provides an integrated overview of the area International list of highly regarded contributors, including Jaak Pankseep (Washington State University), David McFarland (Oxford), John D. Newman (NIH ? Unit on Developmental Neuroethology), Gerd Poeggel (Leipzig), Shiba Keisuke (Chiba City, Japan), and others, tightly edited by a single, well regarded editor who has edited a special issue in Behavioral Brain Research on the topic before

Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation

Author : Andrew J. Elliot
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135703655
Total Pages : 684 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation by : Andrew J. Elliot

Download or read book Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation written by Andrew J. Elliot and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the many conceptual distinctions present in psychology today, the approach-avoidance distinction stands out as one of, if not the, most fundamental and basic. The distinction between approach and avoidance motivation has a venerable history, not only within but beyond scientific psychology, and the deep utility of this distinction is clearly evident across theoretical traditions, disciplines, and content areas. This volume is designed to illustrate and highlight the central importance of this distinction, to serve as a one-stop resource for scholars working in this area, and to facilitate integration among researchers and theorists with an explicit or implicit interest in approach and avoidance motivation. The main body of this volume is organized according to seven broad sections that represent core areas of interest in the study of approach and avoidance motivation, including neurophysiology and neurobiology, and evaluative processes. Each section contains a minimum of four chapters that cover a specific aspect of approach and avoidance motivation. The broad applicability of the approach-avoidance distinction makes this Handbook an essential resource for researchers, theorists, and students of social psychology and related disciplines.

Exploratory Behaviour and 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats

Author : Tanel Mällo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Exploratory Behaviour and 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats by : Tanel Mällo

Download or read book Exploratory Behaviour and 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats written by Tanel Mällo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control and Emotion in Birds

Author : Andras Csillag
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832504930
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control and Emotion in Birds by : Andras Csillag

Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control and Emotion in Birds written by Andras Csillag and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030916785X
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research by : National Research Council

Download or read book Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-22 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.

The Rat

Author : S. A. Barnett
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351475509
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rat by : S. A. Barnett

Download or read book The Rat written by S. A. Barnett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The laws of animal behavior have been revised and revealed through research performed by zoologists, physiologists and experimental psychologists. Each has contributed much. Their main meeting ground has been the study of mammals, especially rats. This classic book is unique in bringing together the principal conclusions of these researchers in a compact, well illustrated, and lucid form. The author himself made important original contributions to wild rat behavior; his account of "white rat psychology" and of relevant work on other species is equally authoritative. Experience as a teacher enabled him to write an unusually logical and comprehensive text, suitable for students of zoology, psychology and medicine. This book belongs to no particular school of biology or psychology. Rather it admits the work of all schools and strict adherence to none. The principal topics covered include: movement in the living space; feeding behavior; social and reproductive behavior; the analysis of "instinct"; the analysis of learned behavior; "motivation" and "drive"; the brain and behavior. The book includes a full, carefully selected bibliography, current up to the time of original publication of the original edition.

The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition

Author : Allison B. Kaufman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110856125X
Total Pages : 1032 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition by : Allison B. Kaufman

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition written by Allison B. Kaufman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook lays out the science behind how animals think, remember, create, calculate, and remember. It provides concise overviews on major areas of study such as animal communication and language, memory and recall, social cognition, social learning and teaching, numerical and quantitative abilities, as well as innovation and problem solving. The chapters also explore more nuanced topics in greater detail, showing how the research was conducted and how it can be used for further study. The authors range from academics working in renowned university departments to those from research institutions and practitioners in zoos. The volume encompasses a wide variety of species, ensuring the breadth of the field is explored.

Affective Neuroscience

Author : Jaak Panksepp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019802567X
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Affective Neuroscience by : Jaak Panksepp

Download or read book Affective Neuroscience written by Jaak Panksepp and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-30 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some investigators have argued that emotions, especially animal emotions, are illusory concepts outside the realm of scientific inquiry. However, with advances in neurobiology and neuroscience, researchers are demonstrating that this position is wrong as they move closer to a lasting understanding of the biology and psychology of emotion. In Affective Neuroscience, Jaak Panksepp provides the most up-to-date information about the brain-operating systems that organize the fundamental emotional tendencies of all mammals. Presenting complex material in a readable manner, the book offers a comprehensive summary of the fundamental neural sources of human and animal feelings, as well as a conceptual framework for studying emotional systems of the brain. Panksepp approaches emotions from the perspective of basic emotion theory but does not fail to address the complex issues raised by constructionist approaches. These issues include relations to human consciousness and the psychiatric implications of this knowledge. The book includes chapters on sleep and arousal, pleasure and fear systems, the sources of rage and anger, and the neural control of sexuality, as well as the more subtle emotions related to maternal care, social loss, and playfulness. Representing a synthetic integration of vast amounts of neurobehavioral knowledge, including relevant neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neurochemistry, this book will be one of the most important contributions to understanding the biology of emotions since Darwins The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

Perinatal Development

Author : Norman A. Krasnegor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Perinatal Development by : Norman A. Krasnegor

Download or read book Perinatal Development written by Norman A. Krasnegor and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Toxicological Profile for Toluene

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Toluene by :

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Toluene written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Neurobiology of Olfaction

Author : Anna Menini
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420071998
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neurobiology of Olfaction by : Anna Menini

Download or read book The Neurobiology of Olfaction written by Anna Menini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Overview of Advances in OlfactionThe common belief is that human smell perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are uncovered and investigated in animal research would have little significance for humans. However, new evidence from a variety of sources indicates this traditional view is likely

Research Awards Index

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1588 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Awards Index by :

Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Animal Behaviour Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Behaviour Abstracts by :

Download or read book Animal Behaviour Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social Influences on Vocal Development

Author : Charles T. Snowdon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521495264
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (952 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Influences on Vocal Development by : Charles T. Snowdon

Download or read book Social Influences on Vocal Development written by Charles T. Snowdon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-03-20 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For at least 30 years, there have been close parallels between studies of birdsong development and those of the development of human language. Both song and language require species-specific stimulation at a sensitive period in development and subsequent practice through subsong and plastic song in birds and babbling in infant humans leading to the development of characteristic vocalisations for each species. This book illustrates how social interactions during development can shape vocal learning and extend the sensitive period beyond infancy and how social companions can induce flexibility even into adulthood. Social companions in a wide range of species including birds and humans but also cetaceans and nonhuman primates play important roles in shaping vocal production as well as the comprehension and appropriate usage of vocal communication. This book will be required reading for students and researchers interested in animal and human communication and its development.