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Investigation Of Mineral Transformation And Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion Final Report October 1 1993 September 30 1997
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Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformation and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Final Report, October 1, 1993--September 30, 1997 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformation and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Final Report, October 1, 1993--September 30, 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to document a recently completed four-year study to examine the impact of low-NOx firing technologies on ash formation and deposition while firing pulverized coal. Low-NOx burners and staged combustion inhibit NOx formation by restricting the amount of oxygen available to form a fuel-rich zone in which nitrogen compounds are reduced to molecular nitrogen (N2) rather than oxidized. Additional oxygen is provided downstream for complete combustion. Consequently, coal and mineral particles encounter different temperatures and oxygen concentrations when they are burned under low-NOx firing conditions than they do in conventionally-fired units. Two coals with distinctly different inorganic contents and ash characteristics were fired in a pilot-scale laboratory combustor under both conventional and staged combustion conditions. Ash and deposit samples were collected at various locations in the reactor and analyzed in order to assess the influence of staged combustion. This report is organized as follows. First, a background section provides the foundation needed in order to understand the motivation for and the results of the experimental program. The next section presents a description of the experimental apparatus and procedures, including the development the analytical methods critical to the study. Results of the analyses of coal, ash and deposit samples are then presented and discussed for each of the two coals. Finally, the report ends with a short summary and statement of conclusions.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough understanding of the fundamental processes which govern the mineral behavior is essential to the development of tools to predict and manage ash deposition. The purpose of the current project is to perform a fundamental study of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion of pulverized coal. Staging of combustion air is a strategy used to reduce NO(subscript x) emissions from coal-fired units. It is applicable to both advanced combustion systems currently under development (e.g. HITAF) and low NO(subscript x) retrofits for existing units. These low NO(subscript x) combustion strategies produce fuel rich or reducing conditions in the lower furnace. Therefore, the combustion history of the coal particles is significantly changed from that experienced under normal combustion conditions. A carefully designed experimental study is needed to examine the effects of altered combustion conditions on mineral matter release, fly ash formation, particle stickiness and deposit formation. This project uses state-of-the-art analytical equipment and a well-characterized laboratory combustor to address this need. This report describes work in the initial quarter of a fundamental, three-year study of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1995-- September 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1995-- September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress during the eighth quarter of a three-year study was made in three task areas: (1) analysis of coals; (3) parametric testing of the target coals, and (4) analysis of samples from the combustion tests. Routines for automated analysis of coal and mineral associations were completed and are now functional on our new ISIS system. Work on data processing which led to the development of a new means of interpreting composition information from the SEM was also completed during the quarter. This work is expected to yield substantial benefits in understanding the ash transformations during combustion. Several additional ash and deposit samples were collected this quarter. Deposition results have been explained qualitatively and samples has been mounted for quantitative analysis. A detailed characterization of mixing and coalescence was performed during the quarter. Results indicate that combustion under stage conditions does not change the chemistry of the final ash produced. Specifically, both iron and potassium distributions in long residence time ashes did not change as a function of combustion conditions. Some differences were observed in the potassium distribution at shorter residence times. There was also a difference in the size distribution of particles formed during staged combustion. The nature and significance of these differences are still under investigation.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1- September 30, 1994 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1- September 30, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1-December 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1-December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion, Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1, 1995-December 31, 1995 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion, Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1, 1995-December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1997--June 30, 1997 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1997--June 30, 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work performed in the fifteenth quarter of a fundamental study to examine the effect of staged combustion on ash formation and deposition. Efforts this quarter included addition of a new cyclone for improved particle sampling and modification of the existing sampling probe. Particulate samples were collected under a variety of experimental conditions for both coals under investigation. Deposits formed from the Black Thunder coal were also collected. Particle size and composition from the Pittsburgh No. 8 ash samples support previously reported results. In addition, the authors ability to distinguish char/ash associations has been refined and applied to a variety of ash samples from this coal. The results show a clear difference between the behavior of included and excluded pyrite, and provide insight into the extent of pyrite oxidation. Ash samples from the Black Thunder coal have also been collected and analyzed. Results indicate a significant difference in the particle size of {open_quotes}unclassifiable{close_quotes} particles for ash formed during staged combustion. A difference in composition also appears to be present and is currently under investigation. Finally, deposits were collected under staged conditions for the Black Thunder coal. Specifically, two deposits were formed under similar conditions and allowed to mature under either reducing or oxidizing conditions in natural gas. Differences between the samples due to curing were noted. In addition, both deposits showed skeletal ash structures which resulted from in-situ burnout of the char after deposition.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995--June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress during the seventh quarter of a three-year study was made in four task areas: (1) analysis of coals, (2) improvements to the reactor system, (3) parametric testing of the target coals, and (4) analysis of samples from the combustion tests. A problem with our analysis system was discovered and corrected. Recent analyses of the Pittsburgh {number_sign}8 coal (after repulverizing) were redone and results are reported. A new design of the deposit probe and an air preheater were added this quarter. Parametric testing of the Pittsburgh {number_sign}8 coal continued this quarter. Analytical results from these tests show sulfur release and iron transformations as a function of test conditions and sampling location. Deposit samples were also collected from the Pittsburgh coal at three different stoichiometric ratios. Operating conditions appeared to have a significant effect on deposit formation. Finally, specific tasks for the next quarter have been identified and reported.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1996--June 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work completed during the eleventh quarter of a DOE-funded study of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion. Accomplishments included repairs and improvements to the laboratory combustor, collection of deposits and observation of deposition behavior as a function of operating conditions, and analysis of deposit samples collected under both staged and conventional conditions. The water cooling shell for the brass burner was rebuilt this quarter. It was necessary to rebuild the cooling shell because of frequently occurring leaks which could no longer be repaired. No new leaks have occurred since the repairs were made. Deposits were collected for several stoichiometries between SR=0.65 and SR=0.75. A changeover from carbon-rich deposits to deposits which contained little carbon was observed at about SR=0.73 for the coal and natural gas feed rates used the experiments. However, even deposits which contained relatively little carbon had a carbon- enriched layer at the tube surface. This layer was due to carbon which did not burn out completely after impaction. A similar type of carbon layer may affect deposit formation in utility boilers. One of the key contributions this quarter was the analysis of deposit samples collected under both staged and conventional conditions. These initial results indicate that deposits formed during staged combustion of a Pittsburgh No. 8 are similar to those formed during conventional combustion. Some small differences were observed and it is not yet known how significant these differences may be. However, substantial differences between the deposits and ash samples were observed. These differences were apparent in both the bulk compositions and ''species'' distributions. Continuing work will focus on clarifying and quantifying the effect of staged combustion on deposit formation and strength development.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress during the second quarter of a three-year study was made in two areas: Coal selection and characterization, combustor modifications and preliminary testing. Potential sources for coal have been identified and an attempt will be made to use the same coals as a similar doe study. Advances have continued in our SEM-based analytical techniques. Modifications to an existing reactor system have been initiated. A new coal feeder has been installed and tested. Finally, specific tasks for the next quarter have been identified and reported.
Download or read book Русские народные сказки written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamental Study of Ash Formation and Deposition by :
Download or read book Fundamental Study of Ash Formation and Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical objectives of this project are: To identify the partitioning of inorganic coal constituents among vapor, submicron fume, and fly ash products generated during the combustion of pulverized coal under a variety of combustion conditions. Fuel lean and fuel rich combustion conditions will be considered. To identify and quantify the fundamental processes by which the transformations of minerals and organically-associated inorganic species occur. Emphasis will be placed on identifying any changes that occur as a result of combustion under sub-stoichiometric combustion conditions. To incorporate the effects of combustion stoichiometry into an Engineering Model for Ash Formation based upon the understanding developed in (a) and (b). When completed, this model wig predict the particle size and chemical composition distributions of ash formed during the combustion of pulverized coal under a broad range of conditions. The work discussed in this report highlights the accomplishments of the second quarter of this two year project. This includes the final selection of coals by PSI PowerServe, the results of initial in-situ XAFS combustion measurements by the University of Kentucky, a review of the status of ash formation and deposition models by MIT, modeling of iron behavior during coal combustion by the University of Arizona, preliminary work on the redistribution of minerals within char during the early stages of combustion by PSI PowerServe, and the incorporation of a char fragmentation mechanism into the ash formation model by PSI PowerServe.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Study of Ash Formation and Deposition by :
Download or read book Fundamental Study of Ash Formation and Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical objectives of this project are: (a) to identify the partitioning of inorganic coal constituents among vapor, submicron fume, and fly ash products generated during the combustion of pulverized coal under a variety of combustion conditions. Fuel lean and fuel rich combustion conditions will be considered. (b) To identify and quantify the fundamental processes by which the transformations of minerals and organically-associated inorganic species occurs. Emphasis will be placed on identifying any changes that occur as a result of combustion under substoichiometric combustion conditions. (c) To incorporate the effects of combustion stoichiometry into an Engineering Model for Ash Formation based upon the understanding developed in (a) and (b). When completed, this model will predict the particle size and chemical composition distributions of ash formed during the combustion of pulverized coal under a broad range of conditions.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Coal Ash Deposition Under Staged Combustion in a Pilot-scale Facility by : Neal L. Adair
Download or read book Investigation of Coal Ash Deposition Under Staged Combustion in a Pilot-scale Facility written by Neal L. Adair and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamental Study of Ash Formation and Deposition by :
Download or read book Fundamental Study of Ash Formation and Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical objectives of this project are: (1) To identify the partitioning of inorganic coal constituents among vapor, submicron fume, and fly ash products generated during the combustion of pulverized coal under a variety of combustion conditions. Fuel lean and fuel rich combustion conditions are considered. (2) To identify and quantify the fundamental processes by which the transformations of minerals and organically-associated inorganic species occur. Emphasis is placed on identifying any changes that occur as a result of combustion under sub-stoichiometric combustion conditions. (3) To incorporate the effects of combustion stoichiometry into an Engineering Model for Ash Formation.
