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Investigation Of Combined So2 No3 Removal By Ceria Sorbents Quarterly Technical Progress Report January 1 1994 March 31 1994
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Book Synopsis Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx using a regenerable solid sorbent will constitute an important improvement over the use of separate processes for the removal of these two pollutants from stack gases and possibly eliminate several shortcomings of the individual SO2 and NOx removal operations. This process will allow simple and reliable cleanup of large volumes of stack gases at a competitive cost; produce a concentrated stream of SO2 which an easily be converted into valuable by-products; be compatible with existing power generation plants; and essentially eliminate the waste materials generated in some other sulfur removal processes. Department of Energys̀ Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) and UOP/Shell have developed processes which both employ copper oxide-based sorbents in different reactor configurations, namely, former uses a regenerative fluidized bed while the latter employs a cyclic fixed bed contactor. More recent studies at PETC considered cerium oxide as an alternate sorbent to CuO{sup (1,2)}. Ceria improves the resistance of the alumina support to thermal sintering and produces a regeneration off-gas stream that can be easily converted to elemental sulfur. It has potentially higher sulfur capture capacity than copper. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of ammonia on the sulfation of the sorbent; to determine the effects of fly ash on the sulfation and regeneration of the sorbent; to obtain a rate expression for the regeneration of alumina-supported CeO2 sorbents; to model reactor configurations for a commercial scale combined CeO2/Al2O3 sorbent; and to study alternative designs, effects of design variables on the performance of the facility, and the economics of the process using the developed model.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report by :
Download or read book Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx using a regenerable solid sorbent will constitute an important improvement over the use of separate processes for the removal of these two pollutants from stack gases and possibly eliminate several shortcomings of the individual SO2 and NOx removal operations. Recent studies at PETC considered cerium oxide as an alternate sorbent to CuO. The present study aims to determine the effects of ammonia on the sulfation of the sorbent and to obtain a rate expression for the regeneration of alumina-supported CeO2 sorbents. In the past quarter the effect of ammonia on sulfation was investigated. It was found that the presence of ammonia affects the sulfation process unfavorably by forming ammonium sulfate species on the surface which subsequently decompose and cause sulfur loss from the surface. Since formation of surface ammonium sulfates increase the sorbent mass, it is difficult to deduce the magnitude of the sulfur loss from the surface only by thermogravimetric analysis.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 13, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 13, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is converted to a sulfur by-product and the NO3 is converted to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering activities involved evaluating various design options for the major process vessels with the principal focus being on the sorbent heater vessel, which is operated at the highest temperature. Additionally, the impact of the NOXSO system on power plant particulate emissions and opacity was estimated. It is predicted that particulate emissions will decrease slightly while opacity will increase slightly. Neither change will be significant enough to have an impact on emissions compliance. Advertised performance of the proposed adsorber separator is being verified by laboratory testing. Process studies activities included POC equipment inspection and materials evaluations.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-06 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Technical Report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Technical Report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon adsorbents have been shown to remove sulfur oxides from flue gas, and also serve as a catalyst for reduction of nitrogen oxides at temperatures between 80 and 150°C. The overall objective of this project is to determine whether Illinois coal is a suitable feedstock for the production of activated char which could be used as a catalyst for combined SO2/NO3 removal, and to evaluate the potential application of the products in flue gas cleanup. Key production variables will be identified to help design and engineer activated char with the proper pore structure and surface chemistry to enable the development of an effective SO2/NO3 removal catalyst. The ISGS agreed to provide 500 pounds of activated char to STEAG for tests in a demonstration unit to clean flue gas from a U.S. waste incinerator. The STEAG process requires an activated char with a N2 BET surface area
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 12, December 1, 1993--February 28, 1994 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 12, December 1, 1993--February 28, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. The plant general arrangement has been revised to incorporate principles used in the design of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) plants. A NOXSO plant availability analysis was prepared using operating experience from the recently completed pilot plant as a basis. The impact of water desorption in the sorbent heater and water adsorption in the sorbent cooler has been quantified and incorporated into the NOXSO process simulator. NOXSO process economics has been updated based on the present design. Capital cost for a 500 MW plant designed to remove 98% of the SO2 and 85% of the NO3 is estimated at $247/kW.
Book Synopsis Simultaneous SO2/NO3 Abatement Using Zeolite Supported Copper. Quarterly Progress Report, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Simultaneous SO2/NO3 Abatement Using Zeolite Supported Copper. Quarterly Progress Report, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have made progress in characterizing a Cu-exchanged ZSM-5 for NO decomposition activity. Additionally, we are pursuing the impregnation of alumina with vanadium and copper and studying the adsorption and reaction of SO2 on these catalysts.
Book Synopsis Decontamination Systems Information and Research Program by : National Research Center for Coal and Energy
Download or read book Decontamination Systems Information and Research Program written by National Research Center for Coal and Energy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas. Technical Report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Novel Technologies for SO3 NO3 Removal from Flue Gas. Technical Report, March 1, 1994--May 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project is to develop a cost-effective low temperature deNOx catalyst to be used in the Research Triangle Institute-Waterloo SO2/NOx process for boiler retrofit applications. The performance goal of the catalyst is to convert over 80% of the NO in the flue gas at a temperature as low as 150°C in the presence of 4% O2, and 10% water. Based on the results obtained in the previous quarter, which showed a La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst to be a promising low temperature catalyst in the presence of 2% H2O in the reduction of NO to N2 with isobutanol, research was conducted to investigate the variations in feed conditions on the performance of the catalyst. Specifically, the effect of increased H2O concentration and the effect of NO2 in the feed were investigated. Although the activity of the catalyst declined when the H2O concentration was increased from 2 to 10%, the decline was relatively mild compared with that when the water content was changed from 0 to 2%. The effect of NO2 was investigated because oxidation of NO to NO2, a thermodynamically favorable process, proceeds at a finite rate even in the absence of a catalyst. It was found that, under the low temperature reaction conditions, replacement of NO2 with NO did not affect the catalytic performance of the La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst. Besides studying the La-Cu-ZrO2 catalyst, effort has continued in screening other potential catalysts. A promising 5%Cu-2%Ag catalyst supported on active carbon was found that catalyzes NO reduction by acetone. At 150°C, 35% NO conversion was obtained in the presence of 4% O2 and 8% H2O at a space velocity of 3000 h−1 after 5 h on stream.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 10, June 1--August 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 10, June 1--August 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product (elemental sulfur, sulfuric acid, or liquid SO2) and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 11, September 1--November 30, 1993 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 11, September 1--November 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering studies provided information to decide on the basic plant arrangement. A scaled up POC design was selected as the general arrangement of choice based on a cost versus technical risk assessment. The first step in developing an adsorber computer simulation was completed. Several processes for producing liquid SO2 from the regenerator offgas were developed and evaluated. It was concluded that the Claus and burn process which involves making elemental sulfur as an intermediate product was the best choice. The NOXSO process computer simulation was updated to include semi-plug solids flow through the fluidized beds of the sorbent heater and cooler. Heat loss calculations were also added.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 9, March 1--May 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 9, March 1--May 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to elemental sulfur and the NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process at Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. Ohio Edisons̀ Niles Plant Unit {number_sign}1 generates 115 MW of electricity and 275,000 scfm of flue gas while burning 3.5% sulfur coal. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. This phase was included in the project to allow completion of process studies and preliminary activities which could be conducted in parallel with NOXSOs̀ pilot plant project being conducted at Ohio Edisons̀ Toronto Power Plant.
Book Synopsis Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. [Quarterly] Technical Report, September 1--November 30, 1994 by :
Download or read book Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. [Quarterly] Technical Report, September 1--November 30, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon adsorbents have been shown to remove sulfur oxides from flue gas, and also serve as a catalyst for reduction of nitrogen oxides at temperatures between 80 and 150°C. The overall objective of this project is to determine whether Illinois coal is a suitable feedstock for the production of activated char which could be used as a catalyst for combined SO2/NOx removal, and to evaluate the potential application of the products in flue gas cleanup. During this quarter, further analyses of SO2 adsorption and TPD data revealed that SO2 adsorption was directly proportional to the number of unoccuppied (free) adsorption sites on the carbon surface. The SO2 capacity of a series of prepared IBC-102 chars and commercial activated carbons normalized with respect to the number of free sites varied by less than a factor of two, which indicated an excellent correlation. Based on these results, a mechanism for SO2 adsorption on carbon and conversion to H2SO4 was proposed. To study NOx reduction by activated char, a packed bed flow through system was designed and constructed. A quadrupole mass spectrometer was installed to monitor the [NO] and [NO2]; NO breakthrough curves were obtained for a commercial activated carbon at various [NO].
Book Synopsis Pilot-scale Testing of a New Sorbent for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Final Report by :
Download or read book Pilot-scale Testing of a New Sorbent for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new regenerable sorbent concept for SO2 and NOx removal was pilot-tested at Ohio Edisons̀ Edgewater generating station at a 1.5 to 2-MW(e) level. A radial panel-bed filter of a new dry, granular sorbent was exposed to flue gas and regenerated in an experimental proof-of-concept program. The project was successful in demonstrating the new sorbents̀ ability to achieve 90% SO2 removal, 30% NOx removal, and over 80% removal of residual particulates with realistic approach temperatures and low pressure drops. Based on the results of this project, the retrofit cost of this technology is expected to be on the order of $400 per ton of SO2 and $900 per ton of NOx removed. This assumes that gas distribution is even and methane regeneration is used for a 30% average utilization. For a 2.5%-sulfur Ohio coal, this translates to a cost of approximately $17 per ton of coal. Two by-product streams were generated in the process that was tested: a solid, spent-sorbent stream and a highly-concentrated SO2 or elemental-sulfur stream. While not within the scope of the project, it was found possible to process these streams into useful products. The spent sorbent materials were shown to be excellent substrates for soil amendments; the elemental sulfur produced is innocuous and eminently marketable.
Book Synopsis High SO2 Removal Efficiency Testing. Quarterly Status Report, July--September 1994 by :
Download or read book High SO2 Removal Efficiency Testing. Quarterly Status Report, July--September 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides a discussion of the technical progress on the project ''High Efficiency SO2 Removal Testing'', for the time period 1 July through 30 September 1994. The project involves testing at six full-scale utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, to evaluate low capital cost upgrades that may allow these systems to achieve up to 98% SO2 removal efficiency. The upgrades evaluated mostly involve using additives in the FGD systems. The ''base'' project involved testing at the Tampa Electric Company Big Bend station. AR five potential options to the base program have been exercised by DOE, involving testing at the Hoosier Energy Merom Station (Option I), the Southwestern Electric Power Company Pirkey Station (Option II), the PSI Energy Gibson Station (Option III), the Duquesne Light Elrama Station (Option IV), and the New York State Electric and Gas Company Kintigh Station (Option V). By the end of September 1994, testing was completed for the base project and for all options. The document is divided into four sections. Section 2, Project Summary, provides a brief overview of the status of technical efforts on this project. Section 3, Results, summarizes the outcome from these technical efforts during the quarter. In Section 4, Plans for the Next Reporting Period, an overview is provided of the technical efforts that are anticipated for the fourth quarter of calendar year 1994. Section 5 contains a brief acknowledgement.
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