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Investigating The Mechanisms Involved In The Anti Obesity Effect Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Cla Isomers In 3t3 L1 Adipocytes And In Obese Db Db And Lean C57bl 6 Mice
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Book Synopsis Investigating the Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-obesity Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes, and in Obese Db/db and Lean C57BL/6 Mice by : Azadeh Yeganeh
Download or read book Investigating the Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-obesity Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes, and in Obese Db/db and Lean C57BL/6 Mice written by Azadeh Yeganeh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anti-obesity Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) by : Wan Shen
Download or read book Anti-obesity Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) written by Wan Shen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Overweight and obesity are the most widespread nutritional diseases in the U.S., which greatly increase chronic disease risks and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a relatively efficacious and safe strategy for the weight management. Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements or one of its isomers, trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) CLA, has consistently demonstrated reductions in body weight or body fat in human and animal studies. Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. However, the upstream signals responsible for these actions are unknown. Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. It also has been shown that relatively high doses of 10,12 CLA lead to more significant reductions in body fat, but cause a greater level of inflammation, insulin resistance, and steatosis in animals. Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. It was also found that 10,12 CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of COX-2 and other markers of inflammation. In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights for the development of reliable dietary strategies for people who take CLA as method to lose weight. However, we still do not know (i) if 10,12 CLA supplementation would effectively reduce body fat in overweight mice when they are continuously fed an American-type, high-fat diet; (ii) potential risks of impaired regulation of body temperature, inflammation, and steatosis due to 10,12 CLA consumption in high fat-fed mice; and (iii) potential mechanisms by which 10,12 CLA reduces body fat in high fat-fed mice."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Book Synopsis Anti-adipogenic Mechanism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by : Kihwa Kang
Download or read book Anti-adipogenic Mechanism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Kihwa Kang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulation of Adiposity by Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid by : Xiaofang Xu
Download or read book Regulation of Adiposity by Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Xiaofang Xu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Obesity-related Hypertension by : Vanessa DeClercq
Download or read book The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Obesity-related Hypertension written by Vanessa DeClercq and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity -- hypertension -- conjugated linoleic acid -- adipocyte -- adipokines.
Book Synopsis Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research by : Jean-Louis Sebedio
Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research written by Jean-Louis Sebedio and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 2 is the second book in a series devoted entirely to conjugated linoleic acid. This book has updated information on the analysis, biochemistry and applications of conjugated fatty acids in an attempt to make Volume 2, in conjunction with Volume 1 (published in 1999), the most comprehensive, up-to-date sources of CLA-related information available today. Both scientific and commercial views are presented, with the same data sometimes interpreted differently.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms by which Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Human Adipocyte Delipidation by : Soonkyu Chung
Download or read book Mechanisms by which Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Human Adipocyte Delipidation written by Soonkyu Chung and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Obesity is an important health issue, having risen to epidemic proportions in the U.S. Use of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, has received recent attention due to its potential health benefits including the reduction of fat mass in animals. However, the effectiveness and safety of CLA consumption in humans remains unclear. Our group previously reported that trans-10, cis-12 CLA impaired the conversion of preadipocytes into lipid-filled adipocytes (e.g., differentiation) and caused adipocyte delipidation that involved inflammatory cytokines in a human cell model. However, the isomer-specific mechanism for these events was unknown. Thus, this research examined mechanisms by which trans-10, cis-12 CLA induced adipocyte delipidation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in primary cultures of human adipocytes. Delipidation of adipocytes by trans-10, cis-12 CLA was accompanied by increased lipolysis and changes in the morphology of lipid droplets and the expression and localization of proteins regulating lipid droplet metabolism. This process involved the translational control of adipose differentiated related protein (ADRP) through activation of mTOR/p70S6K/S6 signaling and transcriptional control of perilipin A. Prior to these morphological changes, it was shown that trans-10, cis-12 CLA promoted nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and subsequent induction of interleukin (IL)-6 which were, at least in part, responsible for trans-10, cis-12 CLA-mediated suppression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ target gene expression and insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes. The essential role of NFκB on CLA-induced inflammation was confirmed by using RNA interference. Further studies were conducted examining the localization and characterization of the inflammatory response, including the type of cells involved, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the inflammatory agent. It was demonstrated that LPS-induced, NFκB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression was predominantly from preadipocytes, which led to, at least in part, the suppression of PPAR activity and adipogenic gene expression and insulin sensitivity. Collectively, these data support the emerging concept that adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ with the capacity to generate inflammatory signals that impact glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, human preadipocytes have the capacity to generate these inflammatory signals induced by trans-10, cis-12 CLA and LPS, subsequently causing insulin resistance in neighboring adipocytes. These studies also revealed that NFκB- and MAPK-signaling mediate inflammation and insulin resistance induced by CLA and LPS. Thus, although the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA may decrease the size and lipid content of human adipocytes, it may also cause insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Download or read book Découverte des sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Adiposity by : Angela Ann Wendel
Download or read book Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Adiposity written by Angela Ann Wendel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significant depletion of adipose in mice by CLA may contribute to the lipodystrophic-like effects that accompany. The final objective of this research was to determine mechanisms by which CLA reduces adipose mass. Six-week old, male ob/ob mice were fed either a control diet (CON) or a diet supplemented with 1.5% mixed isomer CLA (CLA) for 4 weeks. A third group of mice (LEPTIN) were fed the control diet and received daily, intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg BW recombinant leptin as a positive control for adipose depletion in ob/ob mice. The depletion of adipose tissue by CLA was accompanied by the acquirement of brown adipose-like characteristics, such as increased CPT-1b, PGC-1alpha, and UCP-1, in the white adipose of CLA-fed mice. This alteration may facilitate the reduction of adipose mass by increasing mitochondrial oxidation and energy dissipation. However, it appears that CLA does not increase UCP-1 through beta3AR signaling.
Book Synopsis Effect of Trans-10, Cis-12-conjugated Linoleic Acid on Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor B and Metabolic Outcomes in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by : Celeste Gauthreaux Koster
Download or read book Effect of Trans-10, Cis-12-conjugated Linoleic Acid on Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor B and Metabolic Outcomes in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes written by Celeste Gauthreaux Koster and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Chronic treatment with the dietary fatty acid, trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) reduces body fat in growing mice and inhibits adipogenesis in several adipocyte cell models. Here, we show that t10c12-CLA (100uM) and arachidonic acid (100uM) preferentially activate PPARB in both the PPARB/PPRE-TK-Luc reporter system and PPARB-GAL4/UAS-TK-Lucreporter system significantly (P
Author :Martin P. Yurawecz Publisher :The American Oil Chemists Society ISBN 13 :9781893997875 Total Pages :284 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (978 download)
Book Synopsis Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 3 by : Martin P. Yurawecz
Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 3 written by Martin P. Yurawecz and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the chemistry, biological properties and healthful benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) continues to grow. The number of peer reviewed publications produced on CLA since the 2003 publication of Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 2, has more than doubled. It is likely that CLA will be used in the future in many more studies related to diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. This text provides comprehensive coverage of this area of research. Sections include material on biosynthesis and metabolic processes, techniques of determination of individual isomers, diversity of CLA, and effects of CLA isomers in humans.
Book Synopsis Anti-Catabolic Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Administration in Resting Or Loaded Skeletal Muscles of Middle Aged Mice During 20 Weeks of High Fat Diet by : Sang-Rok Lee
Download or read book Anti-Catabolic Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Administration in Resting Or Loaded Skeletal Muscles of Middle Aged Mice During 20 Weeks of High Fat Diet written by Sang-Rok Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The age-related loss of muscle mass and strength (i.e. sarcopenia) is a fundamental cause of frailty, functional decline, and disability, leading to poor quality of life in aging populations. Sarcopenic obesity, a recent medical term, refers to a new trend in aged individuals who simultaneously demonstrate reductions and increases in lean mass and fat mass, respectively. It is currently thought that increases in fat mass with age start the actual sarcopenic process by increasing inflammatory factors. Chronic resistance exercise training (RET) is considered the most cost effective intervention to combat sarcopenia, improving muscle strength followed by improved quality of life. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3) attract great attention for their anti-inflammatory properties, possibly reducing risks of muscle wasting. However, the efficacy of CLA/n-3 on resting or loaded muscles during chronic high fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the overarching aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of HFD-induced inflammation on sarcopenia and the effects of 20-wk CLA/n-3 administration on muscle at rest or with RET in the middle aged mice. Nine-month old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=10/group): 1) normal diet (C), 2) High fat diet (H), 3) HFD+RET (HE), 4) HFD+CLA/n-3 (HCN), and 5) HFD+RET+CLA/n-3 (HECN). Progressive RET (4 sets of 3 repetitions with 1-min inter-set rest) was conducted using a ladder climbing device 3x/wk for 20 wks. The combined supplement was comprised of 1% CLA (0.5% of c9, t11 and 0.5% of t10, c12) and 1% n-3. Body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), grip strength, and sensorimotor function were assessed pre- and post-experiment. Muscle isolation was performed to determine muscle wet weight and RT-PCR was used to analyze transcript levels of target factors involved in muscle cell growth and regeneration: pro-inflammatory regulators [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta)], anti-inflammatory regulators (IL-6 and IL-15), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), atrogin-1, muscle ring finger 1 (MURF1), insulin-like growth factor-I Ea(IGF-IEa), MyoD, and myogenin. There were significant group x time interactions for lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), grip strength, and sensorimotor function. FM increased in H (+74%) and HE (+142%), and HECN (+43%) but not in C and HCN. LBM decreased in C (-27%), H (-31%), and HE (-55%),) while no change was found in HECN. Strength significantly declined in H (-15%) and HCN (-17%),) but was maintained in C. Sensorimotor function markedly declined in H (-11%) with no change in C, HCN, and HE. Interestingly, CLA/n-3 administration appeared to facilitate greater RET-mediated improvements in strength (+22%) and sensorimotor coordination (+17%). There were significant group effects in muscle wet weight. Gastrocnemius wet weight significantly decreased in C (-27%), H (-39%) and HCN (-35%) from baseline but was maintained in HE and HECN. Soleus wet weight significantly decreased in H (-24%) while maintained in C, HE, and HCN. In contrast, soleus wet weight was greater in HECN compared to C, H, and HCN. FA was significantly decreased in HECN (-22%). While eigenvalue 2 decreased in HECN (-8%), HCN significantly increased eigenvalue 3 from baseline (+16%). Chronic CLA/n-3 administration improved the inflammatory state in HFD-fed middle aged animals. TNF-alpha mRNA expression was greater in H compared to C, HCN, HECN and HE in the gastrocnemius. Moreover, HE, HCN, and HECN demonstrated increased IL-6 mRNA expression from baseline in the gastrocnemius. HCN showed increased IL-15 mRNA expression from baseline and was greater than H in the gastrocnemius. Both H and HE had significantly lower IL-15 expression than C and HECN in the soleus. Based on our findings, chronic HFD negatively altered body composition, muscle wet weight, and functional capacity in middle aged mice. Daily CLA/n-3 administration attenuated these impairments while facilitating RET-induced improvement in functional capacity, possibly by improving the inflammatory state. Future research needs to apply for a human trial in the same condition to authenticate our findings.
Book Synopsis Investigating the Isomer-specific Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Db/db Mice by : Ryan Hunt (W. T.)
Download or read book Investigating the Isomer-specific Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Db/db Mice written by Ryan Hunt (W. T.) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Prolongs the Survival and Reduces Cachexia of the Autoimmune NZB/W Fi Mouse by : Ming-Der Yang
Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Prolongs the Survival and Reduces Cachexia of the Autoimmune NZB/W Fi Mouse written by Ming-Der Yang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by : Kathryn Audrey Good
Download or read book Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes written by Kathryn Audrey Good and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conjugated Linoleic Acids and Conjugated Vegetable Oils by : Bert Sels
Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acids and Conjugated Vegetable Oils written by Bert Sels and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers of linoleic acid – a compound derived from meat and dairy products. Attention was first drawn to their potential anti-carcinogen properties in the 1980’s; since then further health benefits have been reported, and applications in the glue and paint industries as a renewable resource have been explored. This comprehensive book presents an overview of the background and research into CLA and examines each of their applications in the context of the chemistry surrounding them and CLA-enriched oils. The biosynthesis of CLA is presented, with a discussion on how animal husbandry could promote CLA production. Other chapters examine the current strategies for their synthesis using bespoke catalysts and enzymes. Readers from academia and industry will find the layout of the book highly accessible, with sections for each application. The editors are both active researchers in the field, and have brought together a wealth of expertise from across the globe, presenting a comprehensive guide to this valuable group of compounds and their potential applications.
Book Synopsis Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Human Health by : Eileen F. Murphy
Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Human Health written by Eileen F. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and its individual isomers, have been suggested to possess numerous health effects. Some of these effects appear to be isomer-specific and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The application of transcriptomic approaches offers the potential to gain valuable insights into the mechanisms of action of CLA. The present work describes a number of studies using transcriptomic approaches, in which clear isomer-specific effects of CLA on intestinal Ca transport, carcinogensis and lipid metabolism were observed. In relation to the observed enhancement of Ca absorption, trans-10, cis-12 CLA increased paracellular Ca transport, which was associated with changes in the expression of genes encoding components of the tight-junction. In contrast, the trans-10, sis-12 CLA-mediated increase in transcellular Ca transport did not appear to relate to consistent changes in expression of the key genes encoding mediators of this route. Furthermore, trans-10, cis-12 CLA did not augment the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated transcellular transport, suggesting that its effect on this route of Ca transport are mediated through alternative mechanisms. Beyond its effect on Ca transport, the isomer-specific effects of CLA on global gene expression profiles in Caco-2 cells were investigated. In the first such study, to our knowledge, genome-wide analysis showed that trans-10, cis-12 CLA altered the expression of 918 genes in Caco-2 cells, whereas cis-9, trans-11 CLA had no effect on gene expression. While a number of expression patterns in relation to the chemopreventative mechanisms of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in colon cancer were highlighted, potential adverse effects related to intestinal HDL biogenesis and glucose metabolism were evident in the Caco-2 cells. Thus, the use of transcriptomics provides valuable insights into the possible mechanisms of action of CLA in gut cell function and health. An investigation of the effects of CLA supplementation on global gene expression at the shole-body level, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy adult males, showed altered expression of genes involved in glycogen and haem metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis. However, additional studies are required to further the understanding of the ability of changes in gene expression of PBMC to relate to whole-body effects associated with CLA. While these approaches increase our mechanistic understanding of the role of CLA in health, further research is required to determine the efficacy and safety of CLA in human health and its potential as a functional food ingredient.
