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Investigating The Behavior Of Fatty Acids And Fat Supplements In The Rumen Of Dairy Cattle And The Effects On Milk Fat Production
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Book Synopsis Investigating the Behavior of Fatty Acids and Fat Supplements in the Rumen of Dairy Cattle and the Effects on Milk Fat Production by : Reilly Pierce
Download or read book Investigating the Behavior of Fatty Acids and Fat Supplements in the Rumen of Dairy Cattle and the Effects on Milk Fat Production written by Reilly Pierce and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary fat is an important component on the diets of lactating dairy cattle. Concentration of dietary fat can be increase by feeding oilseeds or enriched fat supplements which allows cattle to partition energy differently which can lead to increases in milk fat concentration, milk fat yield, or milk yield. One common oilseed fed to dairy cattle is cottonseed, as it is high in fiber but also relatively high in fat compared to other common feedstuffs. Fat supplements are very high in fat (>95%) but are more expensive so dairy producers often strike a balance and may feed both fat supplements and oilseeds to dairy cattle. The first objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of cottonseed on milk production in dairy cattle. Previous research feeding cottonseed fed inclusion rates of cottonseed in excess of 15% of dry matter intake (DMI), but cattle were producing less milk and consuming less so therefore, the actual mass of the cottonseed consumed may not be as high as contemporary dairy cattle. This thesis fed cottonseed at up to 9.9% of DMI and found that cottonseed inclusion into the diets of multiparous cattle did not affect milk yield or milk composition but led to a decrease in DMI indicating that it could be safely fed to mature cows. In primiparous cattle, cottonseed inclusion induced milk fat-depression, indicating that the level of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet was greater than the biohydrogenation potential of the ruminal microbes of these animals. The second part of this thesis was to examine the effects of increased concentrations of an unsaturated fatty acid (cis-9 C18:1; oleic acid) in a prilled fat supplement on the milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Previous research suggests that oleic acid may increase digestibility of dietary fatty acids and consequently increase the amount of preformed fat for milk fat synthesis. This experiment indicated that fat supplementation in multiparous cows may decrease milk yield and DMI but was no effect of increased levels of oleic acid on other production components in dairy cattle. Further investigation of the data collected for each half of the thesis is required to determine the effects on the respective methods of fat supplementation on fatty acid digestibility in lactating dairy cattle.
Book Synopsis Dietary Source and Availibility [i.e. Availability] of Fatty Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Protozoa, Metabolism of Fat, and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows by : Carine Reveneau
Download or read book Dietary Source and Availibility [i.e. Availability] of Fatty Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Protozoa, Metabolism of Fat, and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows written by Carine Reveneau and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: With the increasing environmental concern for N excretion in the environment, the nutrition of dairy cows meets new challenges to maintain milk production while decreasing dietary protein. Various strategies to improve efficiency of N utilization in milk production have been developed. Decreasing protozoal abundance and the corresponding improvement of microbial protein efficiency could improve this efficiency of dietary protein utilization. The feeding of fat usually decreases the abundance of protozoa but can have detrimental effect on ruminal fermentation and milk fat production, thus needing further study to ascertain the potential benefits relative to potential detriments. In a first study, the effects of the availability of dietary fatty acids from cottonseed oil on ruminal metabolism and milk fat production were investigated. In our study, feeding a mix of pelleted and delinted cottonseeds appeared to modify ruminal fatty acid metabolic processes, decreasing the risk of milk fat depression and tending to increase dry matter intake and milk production over time compared with conventional or pelleted cottonseeds. In a second study, the effects of feeding Rumensin (R) in combination with animal vegetable (AV) fat or coconut oil were fed to six rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Using omasal collection, I measured microbial protein efficiency and nutrient digestibility. By feeding R to control the extent of amino acid deamination and combined with fat to control protozoal abundance, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis might be improved in dairy cows. Animal vegetable fat can be biohydrogenated in the rumen and decrease its effectiveness, but diets supplemented with coconut oil (CO; rich in medium chain FA) are more consistent in inhibiting protozoa. Total protozoal abundance was decreased by CO supplementation for all genera expect for Epidinium, which maintained its numbers but was decreased by AV+R. The low acetate to propionate ratio for CO was associated with a decreased ruminal NDF digestibility. There was no effect of diet on efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. DMI was 5 kg/d lower with CO. Milk production was lower when cows were fed CO than AV and when diets contained R. Milk fat depression (MFD) occurred with AV+R and CO. The decrease in protozoal abundance was not associated with an increase in microbial protein efficiency. The detrimental effect of CO on DMI affected the energy available for milk synthesis Omasal flows of FA were characterized by an increased percentage of trans 18:1 for AV and CO diets, a higher percentage of 12:0 and 14:0 for CO, and higher cis 18:1 for AV. Milk FA composition reflected the changes observed for omasal FA digesta flow. The de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland was inhibited with R and F supplementation. Higher trans 18:1 FA in milk fat was also observed for AV and CO. The feeding of CO did not prevent MFD, and no interactions between R and S were detected. The feeding of CO did compromise ruminal biohydrogenation, with accumulation of trans 18:1 in the rumen and in milk fat.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Milk Fat Synthesis and Composition in Dairy Cows by : Callee McConnell
Download or read book The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Milk Fat Synthesis and Composition in Dairy Cows written by Callee McConnell and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diet by Supplemental Fat Interactions in Dairy Cattle by : Silvia G. Onetti
Download or read book Diet by Supplemental Fat Interactions in Dairy Cattle written by Silvia G. Onetti and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigation of the Possible Role of Trans-fatty Acids in the Low Milk Fat Syndrome (LMFS) of the Dairy Cow by : Paul Aaron Porter
Download or read book An Investigation of the Possible Role of Trans-fatty Acids in the Low Milk Fat Syndrome (LMFS) of the Dairy Cow written by Paul Aaron Porter and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of the Amount and Physical State of the Roughage Upon the Rumen Fatty Acids and Milk Fat of Dairy Cows by : William John Tyznik
Download or read book The Effect of the Amount and Physical State of the Roughage Upon the Rumen Fatty Acids and Milk Fat of Dairy Cows written by William John Tyznik and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Rumen-protected Fatty Acid Saturation on Milk Yield, Intake, Chewing Behavior and Ruminal Fermentation in Lactating Dairy Cows by : Kevin J. Harvatine
Download or read book Effects of Rumen-protected Fatty Acid Saturation on Milk Yield, Intake, Chewing Behavior and Ruminal Fermentation in Lactating Dairy Cows written by Kevin J. Harvatine and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Rumen-protected Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Dairy Cows During Established Lactation by : James W. Penfield
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Rumen-protected Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Dairy Cows During Established Lactation written by James W. Penfield and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Designing Foods by : National Research Council
Download or read book Designing Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Book Synopsis Dairy Fat Products and Functionality by : Tuyen Truong
Download or read book Dairy Fat Products and Functionality written by Tuyen Truong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work highlights a new research area driven by a material science approach to dairy fats and dairy fat-rich products where innovative dairy products and ingredients can be tailor-made. Cutting edge topics such as tribology of dairy fats and dairy products, manipulation of differentiated-sized milk fat globules, milk fat interesterification for infant formula, structuring of lipids in dairy products and production of human milk fat substitutes by including dairy fats are featured in dedicated chapters authored by international scientific experts from across the globe. The text also presents in-depth research on proteomic characterization, digestion and the nutritional functionality of milk fat globule membrane. The biosynthesis, chemistry, digestion and nutritional roles of milk lipids, physics of dairy fats, structure and functionality of the milk fat globule membrane, analytical methods, materials science, technology and manufacturing of dairy fat-rich products such as butter, dairy fat spreads, dairy creams, cream powders and ghee are also covered in-depth. Dairy Fat Products and Functionality: Fundamental Science and Technology is a useful reference text for technologists and scientists interested in advancing their fundamental knowledge of dairy fat and dairy products as well as using a materials science and technology approach to guide efforts or widen research opportunities in optimizing the functionality of these products. From their physics and chemistry to their nutritional values and methodologies, this comprehensive and innovative text covers all the necessary information needed to understand the new methods and technologies driving the modern production of milk fat products.
Book Synopsis Effect of Feeding Supplemental Palmitic and Stearic Acid on Intake, Production, and Nutrient Digestion in Lactating Dairy Cattle by : Richard Shepardson
Download or read book Effect of Feeding Supplemental Palmitic and Stearic Acid on Intake, Production, and Nutrient Digestion in Lactating Dairy Cattle written by Richard Shepardson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy in many modern lactating dairy cow rations is a limiting factor for production. Supplementing diets with various fat sources can improve energy intake, which allows cows to maintain milk and component production as well as body condition. Due to the negative effects on intake and rumen fermentation by unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), many modern supplements are based on saturated long chain fatty acids (FA), which are not expected to cause adverse effects in the rumen. These supplements are commonly based on palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid (SA), as well as various combinations thereof. First, this thesis investigated the physical characteristics of fat supplements and FA stocks (often used for making FA blends for commercial products). Supplements that are highly enriched (>95%) in PA or SA tend to have lower digestibility than those that are moderately enriched (~85%) or are a blend of PA and SA. Lipids have the ability to form rigid, secondary crystalline structures and this thesis provided evidence using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) that increasing the enrichment of a FA within a fat supplement increased both the melting temperature and the amount of energy (enthalpy) required to melt a sample. Increasing UFA in FA stocks also decreased both melting temperature and enthalpy compared to enriched FA stocks. This is indicative of the formation of secondary crystalline structures and suggests that these physical characteristics may be playing a role in the decreased digestibility of highly enriched supplements. Secondly, this thesis conducted an experiment with lactating cows comparing supplements that differed in FA profile and demonstrated that fat supplements that were ~90% PA and approximately a 50/50 blend of PA and SA improved milk fat production compared to a supplement that was ~90% SA and a no-supplemental fat control group. The PA/SA blend also improved energy corrected milk compared to the SA treatment. Fatty acid digestibility was decreased with increasing inclusion of SA in the diet, which may have been an issue of either exceeding the lower tracts ability to emulsify the extra saturated long chain FA or that the supplement prill was not easily broken down. Thirdly, a subsequent experiment with lactating cows observed that increased inclusion of oleic acid (OA) in a supplement of mostly PA and SA did not change milk or component production in any facet. There also was no milk production response to lecithin being directly incorporated into the supplement. However, digestibility data will be necessary to assess whether or not these potential emulsifiers improved FA absorption in the lower tract. In conclusion, this thesis presents a potential tool for screening fat supplements for secondary physical characteristics via DSC. It also presents data that suggests PA improves production and FA digestibility compared to SA, and finally that increasing OA and lecithin do not have appreciable impacts on milk and component production.
Book Synopsis Effects of lipids from various oilseeds supplied in different forms on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids in vitro and on milk production and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows by : Achim Hoffmann
Download or read book Effects of lipids from various oilseeds supplied in different forms on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids in vitro and on milk production and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows written by Achim Hoffmann and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary lipid supplements in ruminant diets, whether from various natural sources or supplements such as rumen protected lipids, have a long history and are widely used. The main reasons for using these supplements include an increased energy density of dairy cow diets, e.g. in the early stage of lactation (Clapperton and Steele, 1983). Moreover, reproductive parameters might are affected as well by using lipid supplements, either indirectly by changes in the energy balance of cows or directly due to the effects of certain fatty acids (FA) on reproductive organs and processes (Leroy et al., 2014).
Book Synopsis Effects of Feeding Fats Or Soybeans to Dairy Cows on Rumen Fermentation, Blood Constituents, and Milk Composition by : Steven Albert Larson
Download or read book Effects of Feeding Fats Or Soybeans to Dairy Cows on Rumen Fermentation, Blood Constituents, and Milk Composition written by Steven Albert Larson and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Metabolism and Reproductive Function of Dairy Cows by : Eurídice Castañeda-Gutiérrez
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Metabolism and Reproductive Function of Dairy Cows written by Eurídice Castañeda-Gutiérrez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Supplemental Feeding of Rumen-protected Conjugated Linoleic Acid on an Intermittent Basis to Dairy Cows by : Melissa Anne Bischoff
Download or read book Effect of Supplemental Feeding of Rumen-protected Conjugated Linoleic Acid on an Intermittent Basis to Dairy Cows written by Melissa Anne Bischoff and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lipid Metabolism in Ruminant Animals by : William W. Christie
Download or read book Lipid Metabolism in Ruminant Animals written by William W. Christie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipid Metabolism in Ruminant Animals is a nine-chapter book that first discusses the anatomy, physiology, and microbiology of the ruminant digestive tract. Subsequent chapters center on lipid metabolism in the rumen; digestion, absorption and transport of lipids in ruminant animals; the composition, structure and function of lipids in the tissues of ruminant animals; and the effects of diet and other factors on the lipid composition of ruminant tissues and milk. Other chapters focus on lipid metabolism in the mammary gland, adipose tissue, liver, and other selected tissues of ruminant animals.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Feeding High Levels of Protected Tallow Supplements on Performance and Lipolytic Capacity of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Helaine Joy Burstein
Download or read book The Effect of Feeding High Levels of Protected Tallow Supplements on Performance and Lipolytic Capacity of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Helaine Joy Burstein and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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