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Investigating Land Air Carbon Fluxes Using A Lagrangian Model And Satellite Retrieved Carbon Dioxide
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Book Synopsis Investigating Land-air Carbon Fluxes Using a Lagrangian Model and Satellite Retrieved Carbon Dioxide by : Alan James Hewitt
Download or read book Investigating Land-air Carbon Fluxes Using a Lagrangian Model and Satellite Retrieved Carbon Dioxide written by Alan James Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existing generation of satellite instruments (such as SCIAMACHY and AIRS) has allowed the retrieval of atmospheric mixing ratios of carbon dioxide. The feasibility of using these and later satellites (OCO-like or GOSAT) to investigate carbon fluxes between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere, either alone or complemented by the high precision but low density network of surface measurement sites has been investigated. A methodology to investigate regional scale carbon budgets, based on the UK Met Office Lagrangian trajectory model NAME (Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment), has been developed and demonstrated. A forward modelling methodology was developed, where top-down surface flux information from CarbonTracker was combined with the background CO2 mixing ratio to obtain an atmospheric concentration. Synthetic testing of the initialisation method demonstrated that a strong correlation coefficient (R2? 0:9) between the forward modelled and satellite observed atmospheric CO2 fields can be achieved. Forward modelled CO2 concentrations using CarbonTracker fluxes were demonstrated to be moderately correlated with the SCIAMACHY-retrieved CO2 field(R2 varies by month, from 0.4 to 0.8). An inverse modelling methodology was developed, where the change in carbon mass between the satellite-retrieved CO2 columns and the background concentration was combined with the surface residence time from the NAME model. Synthetic testing of the inversion method has shown that the a posteriori flux covariance scaled linearly to the satellite-retrieved error covariance and inversely to the NAME residence time of the ecosystem. On the regional scale, this method could improve on the carbon flux estimates from CarbonTracker and an equivalent Eulerian method using GOSAT. This thesis also presents the first carbon fluxes inverted from satellite retrieved CO2 columns, which captured the seasonality of the carbon fluxes of the vegetation and negligible ocean fluxes.
Book Synopsis Modeling Regional Carbon Dioxide Flux Over California Using the WRF-ACASA Coupled Model by :
Download or read book Modeling Regional Carbon Dioxide Flux Over California Using the WRF-ACASA Coupled Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many processes and interactions in the atmosphere and the biosphere influence the rate of carbon dioxide exchange between these two systems. However, it is difficult to estimate the carbon dioxide flux over regions with diverse ecosystems and complex terrains, such as California. Traditional carbon dioxide measurements are sparse and limited to specific ecosystems. Therefore, accurately estimating carbon dioxide flux on a regional scale remains a major challenge. In this study, we couple the weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) with the Advanced Canopy- Atmosphere-Soil Algorithm (ACASA), a high complexity land surface model. Although WRF is a state-of- the-art regional atmospheric model with high spatial and temporal resolutions, the land surface schemes available in WRF lack the capability to simulate carbon dioxide. ACASA is a complex multilayer land surface model with interactive canopy physiology and full surface hydrological processes. It allows microenvironmental variables such as air and surface temperatures, wind speed, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration to vary vertically. Carbon dioxide, sensible heat, water vapor, and momentum fluxes between the atmosphere and land surface are estimated in the ACASA model through turbulence equations with a third order closure scheme. It therefore permits counter-gradient transports that low-order turbulence closure models are unable to simulate. A new CO2 tracer module is introduced into the model framework to allow the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration to vary according to terrestrial responses. In addition to the carbon dioxide simulation, the coupled WRF-ACASA model is also used to investigate the interactions of neighboring ecosystems in their response to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. The model simulations with and without the CO2 tracer for WRF-ACASA are compared with surface observations from the AmeriFlux network.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Retrieved from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite by : Austin James Cogan
Download or read book Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Retrieved from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite written by Austin James Cogan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the largest anthropogenic contributor to global warming and atmospheric concentrations have rapidly increased since the start of the industrial revolution. Networks of surface in-situ carbon dioxide sensors provide precise and accurate measurements of the global carbon dioxide concentration, including large scale temporal, seasonal and latitudinal variations. However, these observations are too sparse to allow the establishment of sub-continental carbon budgets, limiting the accuracy of climate change projections and the ability to mitigate future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Satellite observations can provide data with dense spatial and temporal coverage over regions poorly sampled by surface networks. Specifically, observations in the shortwave infrared region are well suited for constraining carbon fluxes as they can provide total column carbon dioxide with high sensitivity to the source and sink locations at the surface. The first dedicated greenhouse gases sensor, the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), was launched in January 2009 by the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) and has successfully started to acquire global observations of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide. The University of Leicester Full Physics (UOL-FP) retrieval algorithm has been designed to estimate total column carbon dioxide from GOSAT shortwave infrared observations. The initial results were compared to coincident ground based measurements for a number of locations and compared on a global scale to a model. This showed an accuracy and precison that should provide improved surface flux estimates. Additionally, a bias correction scheme was developed that reduced observed geographical biases, allowing surface flux uncertainties to be potentially reduced further. To further develop the UOL-FP retrieval algorithm, a simulator capable of creating realistic GOSAT observations was built, allowing the investigation of different retrieval algorithm modifications, which may lead to reduced source and sink flux uncertainties and therefore aid future climate change forecasts.
Book Synopsis Carbon Fluxes from Tropical Peatlands by : Alison May Hoyt
Download or read book Carbon Fluxes from Tropical Peatlands written by Alison May Hoyt and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia have sequestered carbon over thousands of years and are an important global carbon stock. In natural peat swamp forests, high water levels inhibit decomposition due to anoxic conditions. However, they are being rapidly deforested and drained, releasing stored carbon to the atmosphere. In this thesis, we investigate the carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from both pristine and degraded peat swamp forests in Borneo using field measurements, modeling and remote sensing. We first study methane fluxes from natural peatlands. We use an isotope-based mass transport model to evaluate the extent of methane production, transport and oxidation. We find an order of magnitude more methane is produced than surface fluxes suggest. This dissolved methane is transported belowground to the rivers and streams draining peatlands. However, much of this methane is oxidized before reaching the atmosphere. We then study CO2 emissions from peatlands. At the local scale, we use automated soil respiration chambers to assess how CO2 emissions depend on temperature and water table. At a regional scale, we use remote sensing to investigate carbon losses due to peatland degradation. Drainage of peatlands enables peat decomposition and results in subsidence of the land surface. We track this subsidence using InSAR satellite data and use it to quantify regional CO2 emissions. The spatial resolution of our technique allows us to uncover correlations with past and present land uses and peatland hydrology.
Book Synopsis Toward Improved Regional Estimates of Carbon Dioxide Sources and Sinks Through Coupled Carbon--atmospheric Data Assimilation by : Hans Weiteng Chen
Download or read book Toward Improved Regional Estimates of Carbon Dioxide Sources and Sinks Through Coupled Carbon--atmospheric Data Assimilation written by Hans Weiteng Chen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate estimates of regional carbon dioxide (CO2) sources and sinks are necessary to further our understanding of the carbon cycle and improve predictions of future climate change. CO2 surface fluxes can be constrained using atmospheric CO2 observations combined with atmospheric transport models through so-called top-down or inverse methods. At regional scales, however, inverse estimates of CO2 fluxes have been shown to be sensitive to errors in model representation of atmospheric transport. How to account for such atmospheric transport errors in inversions is currently not well understood.This dissertation examines the impact of atmospheric transport errors on simulated atmospheric CO2 mole fractions and inferred CO2 fluxes at subcontinental scales and hourly to monthly time scales. We first investigate how much space for improvement there is in two contemporary CO2 analysis datasets by comparing CO2 mole fractions from the analyses with airborne in situ measurements of CO2 from the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport - America field campaigns in summer 2016 and winter 2017. The analyses show an overall good agreement with observations except for large biases in near-surface CO2 mole fractions in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States during summer, which suggests that CO2 fluxes can be further optimized in this region. Next, we quantify how transport errors due to uncertainties in meteorological initial conditions propagate to errors in atmospheric CO2 mole fractions through ensemble sensitivity experiments in a regional mesoscale model. Transport errors in CO2 are found to be of comparable magnitude and share similar spatiotemporal characteristics as errors due to uncertainties in CO2 fluxes on sub-monthly time scales. Finally, we present the development of a coupled carbon--atmospheric data assimilation system for regional CO2 flux inversion. This data assimilation system uses the ensemble Kalman Filter to optimize both meteorological variables and CO2 mole fractions and fluxes. Coupling the atmospheric and carbon states allows us to investigate the role of atmospheric transport errors in the CO2 flux optimization. The data assimilation system is tested in a series of perfect model experiments with synthetic observations to examine how well the CO2 flux inversion performs when different types of errors are introduced.
Book Synopsis Establishing Constraints on Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Transport in a Changing Arctic Ocean Climate System by : Kelly Anne Graham
Download or read book Establishing Constraints on Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Transport in a Changing Arctic Ocean Climate System written by Kelly Anne Graham and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantifying Earth's carbon budget remains an imperative task in the carbon cycle science community. Among its challenges, assessing carbon fluxes over the Arctic Ocean remains an arduous task, due to its remoteness and difficulty to observe. While the global oceans take up carbon in the net, the Arctic Ocean has been found to be regionally variable in both flux sign and magnitude. Coupled with a warming climate and declining sea ice, future projections of the Arctic carbon budget are highly uncertain. As the Arctic climate rapidly warms, there is a critical need for understanding its observed changes and variability, but a lack of long-term observations has historically hindered progress. This work analyzes measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing ratios from an 8-year dataset of measurements obtained over Arctic sea ice (the O-Buoy Network; 2009-2016). These observations, along with measurements from coastal observatories, were analyzed and interpreted with an atmospheric chemical transport model. This model reproduced the observed features of the seasonal cycle and shows that terrestrial biosphere fluxes and synoptic transport explain most CO2 variability over the surface of the Arctic Ocean. Interannually, the coastal observations were more comparable in overall CO2 growth than concurrent measurements over sea ice. Evidence indicating the presence of ocean gas exchange in and around sea ice during periods where this growth discrepancy occurs is discussed. In addition, a Lagrangian trajectory model and airmass contact tracers were used to gain insight into upwind source and sink regions of CO2 residuals over Utqiagvik, Alaska, and O-Buoys within the Beaufort Gyre during distinct periods based on the mean seasonal cycle of CO2. It was found that the terrestrial Arctic-boreal zone did not provide the carbon emissions expected for the large CO2 residual events. Finally, the O-Buoy observations are assimilated into an atmospheric inversion, along with additional datasets of satellite and surface observations. The inversions demonstrated the value of incorporating O-Buoy observations, which helped to constrain scaling factors for ocean and land fluxes over the northern high latitudes. Overall, this work highlights the importance of obtaining continuous observations over the Arctic and Arctic Ocean during this era of rapid biogeochemical change.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric 14CO2 Constraints on and Modeling of Net Carbon Fluxes 06-ERD-031 An LLNL Exploratory Research in the Directorate's Final Report by :
Download or read book Atmospheric 14CO2 Constraints on and Modeling of Net Carbon Fluxes 06-ERD-031 An LLNL Exploratory Research in the Directorate's Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical scientific question is: 'what are the present day sources and sinks of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the natural environment, and how will these sinks evolve under rising CO2 concentrations and expected climate change and ecosystem response'? Sources and sinks of carbon dioxide impart their signature on the distribution, concentration, and isotopic composition of CO2. Spatial and temporal trends (variability) provide information on the net surface (atmosphere to ocean, atmosphere to terrestrial biosphere) fluxes. The need to establish more reliable estimates of sources and sinks of CO2 has lead to an expansion of CO2 measurement programs over the past decade and the development of new methodologies for tracing carbon flows. These methodologies include high-precision pCO2, [delta]13CO2, and [O2/N2] measurements on atmospheric constituents that, when combined, have allowed estimates of the net terrestrial and oceanic fluxes at decadal timescales. Major gaps in our understanding remain however, and resulting flux estimates have large errors and are comparatively unconstrained. One potentially powerful approach to tracking carbon flows is based on observations of the 14C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2. This ratio can be used to explicitly distinguish fossil-fuel CO2 from other sources of CO2 and also provide constraints on the mass and turnover times of carbon in land ecosystems and on exchange rates of CO2 between air and sea. Here we demonstrated measurement of 14C/12C ratios at 1-2{per_thousand} on archived and currently collected air samples. In parallel we utilized the LLNL-IMPACT global atmospheric chemistry transport model and the TransCom inversion algorithm to utilize these data in inversion estimates of carbon fluxes. This project has laid the foundation for a more expanded effort in the future, involving collaborations with other air-sampling programs and modeling groups.
Book Synopsis Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes from Agricultural and Restored Wetlands in the California Delta by : Jaclyn Hatala
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes from Agricultural and Restored Wetlands in the California Delta written by Jaclyn Hatala and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California was drained for agriculture and human settlement over a century ago, resulting in extreme rates of soil subsidence and release of CO2 to the atmosphere from peat oxidation. Because of this century-long ecosystem carbon imbalance where heterotrophic respiration exceeded net primary productivity, most of the land surface in the Delta is now up to 8 meters below sea level. To potentially reverse this trend of chronic carbon loss from Delta ecosystems, land managers have begun converting drained lands back to flooded ecosystems, but at the cost of increased production of CH4, a much more potent greenhouse gas than CO2. To evaluate the impacts of inundation on the biosphere-atmophere exchange of CO2 and CH4 in the Delta, I first measured and analyzed net fluxes of CO2 and CH4 for two continuous years with the eddy covariance technique in a drained peatland pasture and a recently re-flooded rice paddy. This analysis demonstrated that the drained pasture was a consistent large source of CO2 and small source of CH4, whereas the rice paddy was a mild sink for CO2 and a mild source of CH4. However more importantly, this first analysis revealed nuanced complexities for measuring and interpreting patterns in CO2 and CH4 fluxes through time and space. CO2 and CH4 fluxes are inextricably linked in flooded ecosystems, as plant carbon serves as the primary substrate for the production of CH4 and wetland plants also provide the primary transport pathway of CH4 flux to the atmosphere. At the spatially homogeneous rice paddy during the summer growing season, I investigated rapid temporal coupling between CO2 and CH4 fluxes. Through wavelet Granger-causality analysis, I demonstrated that daily fluctuations in growing season gross ecosystem productivity (photosynthesis) exert a stronger control than temperature on the diurnal pattern in CH4 flux from rice. At a spatially heterogeneous restored wetland site, I analyzed the spatial coupling between net CO2 and CH4 fluxes by characterizing two-dimensional patterns of emergent vegetation within eddy covariance flux footprints. I combined net CO2 and CH4 fluxes from three eddy flux towers with high-resolution remote sensing imagery classified for emergent vegetation and an analytical 2-D flux footprint model to assess the impact of vegetation fractal pattern and abundance on the measured flux. Both emergent vegetation abundance and fractal complexity are important metrics for constraining variability within CO2 and CH4 flux in this complex landscape. Scaling between carbon flux measurements at individual sites and regional scales depends on the connection to remote sensing metrics that can be broadly applied. In the final chapter of this dissertation, I analyzed a long term dataset of hyperspectral ground reflectance measurements collected within the flux tower footprints of three structurally similar yet functionally diverse ecosystems: an annual grassland, a degraded pepperweed pasture, and a rice paddy. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was highly correlated with landscape-scale photosynthesis across all sites, however this work also revealed new potential spectral indices with high correlation to both net and partitioned CO2 fluxes. This analysis within this dissertation serves as a framework for considering the impacts of temporal and spatial heterogeneity on measured landscape-scale fluxes of CO2 and CH4. Scaling measurements through time and space is especially critical for interpreting fluxes of trace gases with a high degree of temporal heterogeneity, like CH4 and N2O, from landscapes that have a high degree of spatial heterogeneity, like wetlands. This work articulates a strong mechanistic connection between CO2 and CH4 fluxes in wetland ecosystems, and provides important management considerations for implementing and monitoring inundated land-use conversion as an effective carbon management strategy in the California Delta.
Book Synopsis Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions by : National Research Council
Download or read book Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.
Book Synopsis Investigating Covariances in and for Carbon Dioxide Surface Flux Inversions by : Daniel Robert Wesloh
Download or read book Investigating Covariances in and for Carbon Dioxide Surface Flux Inversions written by Daniel Robert Wesloh and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current CO2 flux inversion systems use matrix representations of the spatial correlations and do not include correlations between the parts of the daily cycle. We set up a framework to test these assumptions and compare stochastic and deterministic representations of the posterior CO2 flux uncertainty. Producing deterministic posterior uncertainty matrices at reduced resolution with the same transport error as the full inversion produced uncertainty estimates that were lower than expected, and became lower still with coarsening resolution. Stochastic estimates of the posterior CO2 flux uncertainty provide similar information to the deterministic estimates at full resolution in the ideal case, and become more variable as the number of ensemble members used to construct the stochastic estimate decreases. We then investigate the temporal biogenic CO2 flux error correlations using the difference between eddy covariance and terrestrial carbon cycle estimates of the CO2 flux, construct a family of temporal correlation functions to describe these data, and recommend a member of that family for inversions. The new temporal correlation function performs as well as two correlation functions used in previous regional inversions at matching previously-published estimates of the uncertainties in the hourly CO2 fluxes at the site level and in the annual fluxes at the continental-average level at the same time. However, neither the new nor the existing correlations were able to match previously-published estimates of the uncertainty in the monthly flux at the continental-average scale. The investigation indicates that much of the room for improving the prior mean flux estimates from terrestrial carbon cycle models lies in improving the daily cycle, either within an inversion or in the terrestrial carbon cycle models. We integrate the new correlations into a pseudo-data experiment to see whether the new correlations perform better than previously-used correlations from the literature in a best case scenario. The new correlations recover the ``true'' continental-average CO2 flux better than the correlations from previous inversions in the ideal case. The new CO2 flux error temporal correlation functions merit further investigation for suitability for real-data inversions.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region by : R. Krishnan
Download or read book Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region written by R. Krishnan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses the impact of human-induced global climate change on the regional climate and monsoons of the Indian subcontinent, adjoining Indian Ocean and the Himalayas. It documents the regional climate change projections based on the climate models used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and climate change modeling studies using the IITM Earth System Model (ESM) and CORDEX South Asia datasets. The IPCC assessment reports, published every 6–7 years, constitute important reference materials for major policy decisions on climate change, adaptation, and mitigation. While the IPCC assessment reports largely provide a global perspective on climate change, the focus on regional climate change aspects is considerably limited. The effects of climate change over the Indian subcontinent involve complex physical processes on different space and time scales, especially given that the mean climate of this region is generally shaped by the Indian monsoon and the unique high-elevation geographical features such as the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Tibetan Plateau and the adjoining Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. This book also presents policy relevant information based on robust scientific analysis and assessments of the observed and projected future climate change over the Indian region.
Book Synopsis Scaling Physiological Processes by : James R. Ehleringer
Download or read book Scaling Physiological Processes written by James R. Ehleringer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-01-13 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: question of scale; Integrating spatial patterns; Leaf to ecosystem elvel integration; Scalling water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange from leaves to a canopy: rules and tools; Global constraints and regional processes; Functional untis in ecology; Integrating technologies for scaling.
Book Synopsis The Carbon Cycle by : T. M. L. Wigley
Download or read book The Carbon Cycle written by T. M. L. Wigley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is imperative to stabilizing our future climate. Our ability to reduce these emissions combined with an understanding of how much fossil-fuel-derived CO2 the oceans and plants can absorb is central to mitigating climate change. In The Carbon Cycle, leading scientists examine how atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have changed in the past and how this may affect the concentrations in the future. They look at the carbon budget and the "missing sink" for carbon dioxide. They offer approaches to modeling the carbon cycle, providing mathematical tools for predicting future levels of carbon dioxide. This comprehensive text incorporates findings from the recent IPCC reports. New insights, and a convergence of ideas and views across several disciplines make this book an important contribution to the global change literature.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere by : John Lin
Download or read book Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere written by John Lin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 200. Trajectory-based (“Lagrangian”) atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling has gained in popularity and sophistication over the previous several decades. It is common practice now for researchers around the world to apply Lagrangian models to a wide spectrum of issues. Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere is a comprehensive volume that includes sections on Lagrangian modeling theory, model applications, and tests against observations. Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series. Comprehensive coverage of trajectory-based atmospheric dispersion modeling Important overview of a widely used modeling tool Sections look at modeling theory, application of models, and tests against observations
Book Synopsis Advances in Carbon Management Technologies by : Subhas Sikdar
Download or read book Advances in Carbon Management Technologies written by Subhas Sikdar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Carbon Management Technologies comprises 43 chapters contributed by experts from all over the world. Volume 1 of the book, containing 23 chapters, discusses the status of technologies capable of yielding substantial reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from major combustion sources. Such technologies include renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels and technologies to capture CO2 after fossil fuel combustion or directly from the atmosphere, with subsequent permanent long-term storage. The introductory chapter emphasizes the gravity of the issues related to greenhouse gas emissionglobal temperature correlation, the state of the art of key technologies and the necessary emission reductions needed to meet international warming targets. Section 1 deals with global challenges associated with key fossil fuel mitigation technologies, including removing CO2 from the atmosphere, and emission measurements. Section 2 presents technological choices for coal, petroleum, and natural gas for the purpose of reducing carbon footprints associated with the utilization of such fuels. Section 3 deals with promising contributions of alternatives to fossil fuels, such as hydropower, nuclear, solar photovoltaics, and wind. Chapter 19 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Download or read book Lamto written by Luc Abbadie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing 40 years of ongoing ecological research, this book examines the structure, function, and dynamics of the Lamto humid savanna. From the history of the Lamto ecology station, to an overview of enivronmental conditions of the site, and examining the integrative view of energy and nutrient fluxes relative to the dynamics of the region's vegetation, this exacting work is as unique and treasured as Lamto itself.
