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Investigating Control Strategies In Supermarket Refrigeration Systems
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Book Synopsis Investigating Control Strategies in Supermarket Refrigeration Systems by : Taddesse Bisrat
Download or read book Investigating Control Strategies in Supermarket Refrigeration Systems written by Taddesse Bisrat and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper gives more emphasize on the control strategies of supermarket systems which exist in Sweden supermarkets. Anyone who really wants to investigate control system of supermarket refrigeration system, hopefully this paper gives you an idea on them. Improvement of energy efficiency and environmental impact is one of the main objectives for supermarket refrigeration systems. To make such improvement, there is no question to implement control strategies for them.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Secondary Loop Supermarket Refrigeration Systems by : Ramin T. Faramarzi
Download or read book Investigation of Secondary Loop Supermarket Refrigeration Systems written by Ramin T. Faramarzi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Papers from PRES 2018 by : Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
Download or read book Selected Papers from PRES 2018 written by Jiří Jaromír Klemeš and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The depletion of natural energy resources provides evidential adverse impacts on world economy functionality. The strong requirement of a sustainable energy supply has escalated intensive research and the discovery of cleaner energy sources, as well as efficient energy management practices. In the context of a circular economy, this research not only targets the optimisation of resources utilisation at different stages but also emphasises the eco-design of products to extend production life spans. Based on this concept, this book discusses the roles of process integration approaches, renewable energy sources utilisation and design modifications in addressing the process energy and exergy efficiency improvement. The primary focus is to enhance the economic and environmental performance through process analysis, modelling and optimisation. The articles mainly show the contribution of each aspect: (a) design and numerical study for innovative energy-efficient technologies, (b) process integration—heat and power, (c) process energy efficiency or emission analysis, and (d) optimisation of renewable energy resources’ supply chain. The articles are based on the latest contribution of this journal’s Special Issues in the 21st conference entitled “Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES)”. This book is complemented with an editorial review to highlight the broader state-of-the-art development.
Book Synopsis An Investigation Into Control of Refrigeration Systems with Emphasis on Capacity Control by : A. K-H. Wong
Download or read book An Investigation Into Control of Refrigeration Systems with Emphasis on Capacity Control written by A. K-H. Wong and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Retail Refrigeration by : Judith A. Evans
Download or read book Sustainable Retail Refrigeration written by Judith A. Evans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon emissions from the retail segment of the food cold chain are relatively high compared to other parts of the food cold chain. Studies have also shown that food temperature is less well controlled at the retail and consumer end of the cold chain. There is therefore considerable potential to optimize performance of refrigerated display cabinets and the refrigeration systems that are used to operate them to reduce carbon emissions and to improve food temperature control. Sustainable Retail Refrigeration draws together world experts on retail refrigeration. In a single resource, the authors cover the latest technologies and best current knowledge in the field. With increasing concerns about energy use and global warming gasses, retailers are increasingly being called to account for their actions. Sustainable Retail Refrigeration is a valuable reference to manufacturers, managers and policy makers, incorporating both a design and an operational perspective.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Energy-Efficient Supermarket Display Cases by : D. H. Walker
Download or read book Investigation of Energy-Efficient Supermarket Display Cases written by D. H. Walker and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supermarkets represent one of the largest energy-intensive building groups in the commercial sector, consuming 2 to 3 million kWh/yr per store (ES-1). Over half of this energy use is for the refrigeration of food display cases and storage coolers. Display cases are used throughout a supermarket for the merchandising of perishable food products. The cases are maintained at air temperatures ranging from -10 to 35 F, depending upon the type of product stored. The operating characteristics and energy requirements of the refrigeration system are directly related to the refrigeration load. The sources of the display case refrigeration load consist of: (1) Moist and warm air infiltration through the open front of the case--air curtains are employed to inhibit this infiltration, but some ambient air is entrained, which adds a substantial portion to the refrigeration load. (2) Heat conduction through case panels and walls. (3) Thermal radiation from the ambient to the product and display case interior. (4) Internal thermal loads--the use of lights, evaporator fans, periodic defrosts, and antisweat heaters adds to the refrigeration load of the display case as well as directly consuming electric energy. The impact of each of these elements on the refrigeration load is very dependent upon case type (Figure ES-1). For example, air infiltration is the most significant portion of the refrigeration load for open, multi-deck cases, while radiation is the largest part of the load for tub-type cases. The door anti-sweat heaters represent a major share of the refrigeration load for frozen food door reach-in cases. Figure ES-2 shows the distribution of display cases in a typical supermarket (ES-2). Open, multi-deck, medium temperature display cases typically comprise about half of the refrigerated fixtures in a store (ES-3). In addition, medium temperature fixtures and storage coolers account for roughly 70 to 75 percent of the total store refrigeration load with open, multi-deck cases contributing about 3/4 of that fraction. Consequently, the focus of this investigation has tilted toward the open, vertical, multi-deck medium temperature case type. Various technologies and control methods are energy efficiency measures (EEMs) that could be applied to display cases and result in the reduction of the refrigeration load and of the energy consumption of the supermarket refrigeration system. An extensive evaluation of the EEMs was conducted in order to select those that met the following criteria: (1) Near-term implementation--All EEMs considered could be implemented with existing refrigeration hardware and technology. (2) Potential for energy-efficiency improvements--Energy savings and/or refrigeration load reduction must be obtained by the implementation of the EEM. (3) Enhancement of the ability to maintain target product temperature--Proper operation of the display case and maintenance of the stored product temperature could not be compromised by the use of the EEM. The energy impact of a number of viable display case EEMs was quantified by performing whole building hourly simulations. A special version of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE-2.3) program was used to develop a model of a supermarket. The model was then calibrated using available end-use monitored data to increase confidence in simulation results.
Download or read book IEA Annex 26 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increased concern about the impact of refrigerant leakage on global warming, a number of new supermarket refrigeration system configurations requiring significantly less refrigerant charge are being considered. In order to help promote the development of advanced systems and expand the knowledge base for energy-efficient supermarket technology, the International Energy Agency (IEA) established IEA Annex 26 (Advanced Supermarket Refrigeration/Heat Recovery Systems) under the ''IEA Implementing Agreement on Heat Pumping Technologies''. Annex 26 focuses on demonstrating and documenting the energy saving and environmental benefits of advanced systems design for food refrigeration and space heating and cooling for supermarkets. Advanced in this context means systems that use less energy, require less refrigerant and produce lower refrigerant emissions. Stated another way, the goal is to identify supermarket refrigeration and HVAC technology options that reduce the total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) of supermarkets by reducing both system energy use (increasing efficiency) and reducing total refrigerant charge. The Annex has five participating countries: Canada, Denmark, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The working program of the Annex has involved analytical and experimental investigation of several candidate system design approaches to determine their potential to reduce refrigerant usage and energy consumption. Advanced refrigeration system types investigated include the following: distributed compressor systems--small parallel compressor racks are located in close proximity to the food display cases they serve thus significantly shortening the connecting refrigerant line lengths; secondary loop systems--one or more central chillers are used to refrigerate a secondary coolant (e.g. brine, ice slurry, or CO2) that is pumped to the food display cases on the sales floor; self-contained display cases--each food display case has its own refrigeration unit; low-charge direct expansion--similar to conventional multiplex refrigeration systems but with improved controls to limit charge. Means to integrate store HVAC systems for space heating/cooling with the refrigeration system have been investigated as well. One approach is to use heat pumps to recover refrigeration waste heat and raise it to a sufficient level to provide for store heating needs. Another involves use of combined heating and power (CHP) or combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems to integrate the refrigeration, HVAC, and power services in stores. Other methods including direct recovery of refrigeration reject heat for space and water heating have also been examined.
Book Synopsis Technology Options for the Near and Long Term: A Compendium of Technology Profiles and Ongoing Research and Development at Participating Federal Agencies by :
Download or read book Technology Options for the Near and Long Term: A Compendium of Technology Profiles and Ongoing Research and Development at Participating Federal Agencies written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis EPA National Publications Catalog by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book EPA National Publications Catalog written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Efficient utilization of energy and water resources by : International conference on energy and the environment. 970a
Download or read book Efficient utilization of energy and water resources written by International conference on energy and the environment. 970a and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Frozen Food Processing and Packaging by : Da-Wen Sun
Download or read book Handbook of Frozen Food Processing and Packaging written by Da-Wen Sun and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer demand for a year-round supply of seasonal produce and ready-made meals remains the driving force behind innovation in frozen food technology. Now in its second edition, Handbook of Frozen Food Processing and Packaging explores the art and science of frozen foods and assembles essential data and references relied upon by scientists in univ
Book Synopsis Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis by :
Download or read book Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps by : Fabio Polonara
Download or read book Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps written by Fabio Polonara and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP) have an important impact on the final energy uses of many sectors of modern society, such as residential, commercial, industrial, transport, and automotive. Moreover, RACHP also have an important environmental impact due to the working fluids that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which are being phased out according to the Montreal Protocol (1989). Last, but not least, high global working potential (GWP), working fluids (directly), and energy consumption (indirectly) are responsible for a non-negligible quota of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, thus impacting climate change.
Book Synopsis EPA Publications Bibliography by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Poultry Science and Technology, Primary Processing by : Isabel Guerrero-Legarreta
Download or read book Handbook of Poultry Science and Technology, Primary Processing written by Isabel Guerrero-Legarreta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-30 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference for the poultry industry—Volume 1 describes everything from husbandry up to preservation With an unparalleled level of coverage, the Handbook of Poultry Science and Technology provides an up-to-date and comprehensive reference on poultry processing. Volume 1 describes husbandry, slaughter, preservation, and safety. It presents all the details professionals need to know beginning with live poultry through to the freezing of whole poultry and predetermined cut parts. Throughout, the coverage focuses on one paramount objective: an acceptable quality and a safe product for consumer purchase and use. The text includes safety requirements and regulatory enforcement in the United States, EU, and Asia. Volume 1: Primary Processing is divided into seven parts: Poultry: biology to pre-mortem status—includes such topics as classification and biology, competitive exclusion, transportation to the slaughterhouse, and more Slaughtering and cutting—includes the slaughterhouse building and required facilities, equipment, and operations; carcass evaluation and cutting; kosher and halal slaughter; and more Preservation: refrigeration and freezing—includes the biology and physicochemistry of poultry meat in rigor mortis under ambient temperature, as well as changes that occur during freezing and thawing; engineering principles; equipment and processes; quality; refrigeration and freezing for various facilities; and more Preservation: heating, drying, chemicals, and irradiation Composition, chemistry, and sensory attributes—includes quality characteristics, microbiology, nutritional components, chemical composition, and texture of raw poultry meat Eggs—includes egg attributes, science, and technology Sanitation and Safety—includes PSE, poultry-related foodborne diseases, OSHA requirements, HACCP and its application, and more
