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Invertebrate Learning
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Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning by : William Corning
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning written by William Corning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the second volume of Comparative Psychology by Warden, Warner, and Jenkins (1940), there has not been a comprehensive review of invertebrate learning capacities. Some high-quality reviews have appeared in various journals, texts, and symposia, but they have been, of necessity, incomplete and selective either in terms of the phyla covered or the phenomena which were reviewed. Although this lack has served as a stimulus for the present series, the primary justification is to be found in the resurgence of theoretical and empirical interests in learning capacities and mechanisms in simpler systems of widely different phylogenetic origin. Intensive research on the physiological basis of learning and memory clearly entails exploration of the correlations between levels of nervous system organization and be havioral plasticity. Furthermore, the presence of structural-functional differ entiation in ganglionated systems, the existence of giant, easily identifiable cells, and the reduced complexity of structure and behavior repertoires are among the advantages of the "simple systems" strategy which have caused many neuroscientists to abandon their cats, rats, and monkeys in favor of mollusks, leeches, planaria, crayfish, protozoa, and other invertebrate preparations. Behavioral research continues to reveal remarkable capacities in these simple organisms and encourages us to believe that the confluence of the invertebrate learning data with the more voluminous vertebrate litera ture will contribute substantially to the enrichment of all of the neurobe havioral sciences.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning by : W. C. Corning
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning written by W. C. Corning and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Randolf Menzel
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Randolf Menzel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory. Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning. Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Barbara Webb
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Barbara Webb and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A robot that senses and interacts autonomously with the real world can be used to embody specific hypotheses about the mechanisms of learning in invertebrates. Several models of olfactory learning circuits in the mushroom body of flies have been proposed. To use this to control a robot, it is crucial to understand not only when and how changes in synaptic strength occur but also how those synaptic changes fit within a circuit that produces ongoing behavior. Considering this problem from a robotic perspective reveals some conflicting assumptions made in current research that need to be resolved.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Martin Giurfa
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Martin Giurfa and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of insects transcends elementary forms of adaptive responding to environmental changes. We discuss examples of exploration, instrumental and observational learning, expectation, learning in a social context, and planning of future actions. We show that learning about sensory cues allows insects to transfer flexibly their responses to novel stimuli attaining thereby different levels of complexity, from basic generalization to categorization and concept learning consistent with rule extraction. We argue that updating of existing memories requires multiple forms of memory processing. A key element in these processes is working memory, an active form of memory considered to allow evaluation of actions on the basis of expected outcome. We discuss which of these cognitive faculties can be traced to specific neural processes and how they relate to the overall organization of the insect brain.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Elizabeth A. Tibbetts
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Elizabeth A. Tibbetts and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individual recognition is often considered a cognitively challenging form of recognition because it requires flexible learning and memory. Because Polistes paper wasps are one of the few invertebrates known to have individual recognition, they provide a good model for exploring how individual recognition shapes cognitive evolution. Here, we review previous work on individual recognition in paper wasps with a particular focus on learning and memory. In this review, we (1) explore the evolution of individual recognition in paper wasps, including the selective pressures thought to shape the origin and maintenance of individual recognition; (2) discuss the extent of memory for specific individuals during paper wasp social interactions; (3) describe a negative reinforcement training method that can be used for comparative learning research in wasps and other invertebrates; and (4) explain how individual recognition has shaped the evolution of specialized visual learning in paper wasps.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Dorothea Eisenhardt
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Dorothea Eisenhardt and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavioral phenomenon of extinction resembles the decrease of a conditioned behavior when animals experience the presentation of a previously reinforced stimulus. In honeybees, extinction is studied in an appetitive learning paradigm, the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response. Here, I describe recent work on extinction in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and its underlying molecular mechanisms. I demonstrate that extinction in honeybees shares behavioral and molecular similarities with extinction in vertebrates, and I discuss whether these similarities might indicate that extinction is a phylogenetically old mechanism.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning by : Arthur Owen Dennis Willows
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning written by Arthur Owen Dennis Willows and published by Springer. This book was released on 1973-08 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Binyamin Hochner
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Binyamin Hochner and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cephalopod mollusks such as octopus, cuttlefish, and squid (coleoids) are of special interest for studying the evolution and function of learning and memory mechanisms at the system level. They are believed to have the most advanced cognitive behaviors of all invertebrates, rivaling the abilities of many vertebrates. The phylum Mollusca shows the most diversified range of behavioral complexity among the invertebrates, with behavioral complexity correlating roughly with the size of the nervous system (a few thousand vs. half a billion neurons) and its morphological organization (centralized vs. distributed). The mollusks therefore provide an excellent opportunity for assessing conservation and convergent processes in the evolution and development of learning and memory systems subserving complex behaviors. The pioneering work of J. Z. Young, M. J. Wells, and colleagues confirmed that a specific structure in the brain of the modern cephalopods, the vertical lobe, is involved in their highly sophisticated behaviors. This chapter summarizes recent neurophysiological research in the octopus and cuttlefish vertical lobe system that, for the first time, allows a functional and computational approach to the evolution of learning and memory systems.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Stevanus Rio Tedjakumala
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Stevanus Rio Tedjakumala and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on learning and memory in honeybees have been historically framed in an appetitive context because bees learn remarkably well about sensory stimuli if these are associated with food. We review studies in which bees learn about olfactory stimuli associated with the noxious stimulation of an electric shock. In response to such stimulation, bees exhibit a sting extension response (SER). Pairing a neutral odor with shock results in associative learning so that bees exhibit conditioned SER to the originally neutral stimulus and avoid afterwards that stimulus when given the possibility of moving away from it. SER conditioning leads to long-term memory formation, which depends on transcription and translation. Aversive reinforcement properties are mediated by dopamine, and a rich network of dopaminergic neurons exists in the bee brain. Taken together, these studies open new research avenues to understand how bees learn about aversive events in their environment.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Piero Amodio
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Piero Amodio and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Octopus is an invertebrate well-known for the extreme richness of its behavioral repertoire and plasticity. Recent field observations including mimicry, communicative skills, and tool use capabilities have further supported this view. This chapter briefly reviews the most recent knowledge on octopus learning capabilities, focusing on its capability to learn by observation of conspecifics. Social learning is classically conceived as a behavioral trait shown by gregarious and long-lived animals. However, it has recently been considered to occur in solitary vertebrate and invertebrate species. This chapter provides an update on the experimental evidence for observational learning in the octopus and discusses the constraints and peculiarities of social learning and the potential evolutionary meanings of this capability in this cephalopod mollusk.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Elodie Urlacher
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Elodie Urlacher and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aversive learning in young worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) can be suppressed by pheromone released by the queen bee. In addition, studies have shown that pheromone released by guard bees inhibits appetitive learning in bees recruited for colony defense. In this chapter, we examine the chemical signals that mediate these effects and the mechanisms that support pheromone modulation of learning behavior in the bee. We also consider the possible adaptive value of pheromone modulation of learning in the honeybee and its potential contribution to the survival of the colony as a whole.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Nigel R. Franks
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Nigel R. Franks and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider issues of social learning in insect societies. Specifically, we review two controversial cases: (1) teaching during tandem running in the rock ant Temnothorax albipennis and (2) colony-level learning during repeated emigrations in the same species. We have selected these examples for several reasons. First, we wish to highlight the value of using insects as model systems for studying social learning in general. Second, these cases serve as an antidote to the notion that social learning requires theories of mind. Third, social insects provide ideal experimental systems for the rigorous examination of the causes and consequences of social learning. We believe our findings and conclusions are important to those interested in social learning in humans, other vertebrates, and invertebrates because they may suggest that in these systems too social learning can occur in the absence of theories of mind.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Daniel Tomsic
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Daniel Tomsic and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their unique advantages for certain experimental approaches, crustaceans have long been used in neurobiological research. In this chapter, we describe a number of important contributions to the field of learning and memory yielded by investigations carried out over more than 20 years in the crab Neohelice (until recently Chasmagnathus) granulata. Several distinct learning paradigms have been implemented in this animal, with the most compelling studies being performed in the so called context-signal memory (CSM). Acquired through a single training session, CSM entails a long-lasting modification (>5 days) of the escape response to a visual danger stimulus. CSM is determined by an association between two independent memories—a memory of the stimulus (signal memory) and a memory of the training environment (context memory). Investigations of CSM have been performed using behavioral, ecological, electrophysiological, anatomical, pharmacological, and molecular approaches. Fundamental findings and their significance are discussed.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Alan Gelperin
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Alan Gelperin and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrestrial slugs and snails are particularly favorable subjects for studies of comparative cognition. Chemosensation is their dominant distance sense for locating food, mates, predators, and nest sites. A variety of conditioning phenomena have been demonstrated using odors as conditioned stimuli, including higher order conditioning such as second-order conditioning and blocking. Learning has been evaluated by measuring local reflexes and whole body orientation to odors. Behaviors with learned components involve homeostatic mechanisms for water, temperature, nutrition, and circadian activity. Cellular substrates and neural correlates for plasticity in odor processing have focused on a unique brain region, the procerebral lobe, which is necessary and sufficient for learning about odor stimuli. The rich set of learning phenomena displayed by terrestrial slugs and snails emphasize the importance of seeking evidence for complex cognitive tasks by asking experimental questions appropriate to the Ümwelt of the animal. In general, invertebrates can implement most vertebrate learned logic operations.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Daniel Münch
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Daniel Münch and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging is an intrinsic functional decline (senescence) that ultimately leads to death. For worker castes of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), the best studied social invertebrate, research has revealed a stunning diversity of longevity and aging patterns. Due to the long tradition that learning and memory research has with this animal model, it is not surprising that aging studies make use of the well-established experimental tools to assess functional deterioration. In this chapter, we review recent work that connects social factors to highly plastic brain aging, exemplified by patterns of behavioral and cellular senescence in honeybee workers. We also discuss how specific advantages of the honeybee model can be applied in the search for treatments that may extend life and promote health.
Book Synopsis Invertebrate Learning and Memory by : Margaret Hastings
Download or read book Invertebrate Learning and Memory written by Margaret Hastings and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nervous system of Aplysia californica has three isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC): the conventional PKC Apl I, the novel PKC Apl II, and the atypical PKC Apl III. Each isoform has distinct requirements for activation and distinct downstream roles in synaptic plasticity. PKCs can be cleaved by calpains into constitutively active forms, called protein kinase Ms (PKMs). Multiple forms of plasticity in Aplysia are mediated by PKMs, and these may be due to cleavage of distinct isoforms of PKC. PKCs also interact in complex ways with other second messenger pathways. The diversity of PKC isoforms allows for this family of kinases to play important roles in decoding extracellular stimuli into the formation of distinct molecular memory traces.
