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Intumescent Coating And Fire Protection Of Steel Structures
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Book Synopsis Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures by : Guo-Qiang Li
Download or read book Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures written by Guo-Qiang Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures establishes the thermo insulation characteristics of intumescent coating under various fire and hydrothermal aging circumstances and shows how to predict the temperature elevation of steel structures protected with intumescent coatings in fires for avoiding structural damage. Introduced are the features and applications of intumescent coatings for protecting steel structures against fire. The constant effective thermal conductivity is defined and employed to simplify the quantification for the thermo-resistance of intumescent coatings. An experimental investigation into the hydrothermal aging effects on insulative properties of intumescent coatings is presented, as well as the influence of topcoat on insulation and aging of intumescent coatings. Also described is a practical method for calculating the temperature of the protected steel structures with intumescent coatings in order to evaluate the fire safety of a structure. The book is aimed at fire and structural engineers, as well as researchers and students concerned with the protection of steel structures.
Book Synopsis Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures by : Guo-Qiang Li
Download or read book Intumescent Coating and Fire Protection of Steel Structures written by Guo-Qiang Li and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This gives design guidance for engineers showing the prediction of the temperature elevation of intumescent coated steel structures in fire, changes to the state and thickness of the porous char, and aging of the organic ingredients as components are dissolved by moisture in the air, which affects the design life of the structure.
Book Synopsis The Analysis of Partial and Damaged Fire Protection on Structural Steel at Elevated Temperature by : Renga Rao Krishnamoorthy
Download or read book The Analysis of Partial and Damaged Fire Protection on Structural Steel at Elevated Temperature written by Renga Rao Krishnamoorthy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intumescent coating fire protection on steel structures is becoming widely popular in the UK and Europe. The current assessment for the fire protection performance method using the standard fire resistance tests is not accurate, owing to the reactive behaviour of intumescent coating at elevated temperature. Moreover, the available intumescent coating temperature assessment method provided in the Eurocode for structural steel at elevated temperature does not incorporate the steel beam's behaviour and/or assessment for partial protection and/or damaged protection. The research work presented provides additional information. on the assessment of partial and/or damaged intumescent coating at elevated temperature. In the scope of the investigation on the thermal conductivity of intumescent coating, it was found that the computed average thermal conductivity was marginally sensitive to the density and emissivity at elevated temperature. However, the thermal conductivity was found to be reasonably sensitive to the differences in initial dft's (dry film thicknesses). In this research, a numerical model was developed using ABAQUS to mimic actual indicative test scenarios to predict and establish the temperature distribution and the structural fire resistance of partial and/or damaged intumescent coating at elevated temperatures. Intumescent coating actively shields when the charring process occurs when the surface temperature reaches approximately 250°C to 350°C. Maximum deflection and deflection failure times for each damage scenario were analyzed by applying specified loading conditions. It was also found that the structural fire resistance failure mode of intumescent coating on protected steel beams was particularly sensitive to the applied boundary conditions. Careful selection of nodes in the element was necessary to avoid numerical instability and unexpected numerical error during analysis. An assessment of various numerical models subjected to a-standard fire with partially protected 1 mm intumescent coating was analysed using ABAQUS. An available unprotected test result was used as a benchmark. The outcome suggests that the fire resistances of the beams were found to be sensitive to the location of the partial and/or damage protection. The overall fire resistance behaviour of intumescent coating at elevated temperature was summarized in a 'typical deflection regression' curve. An extensive parametric analysis was performed on localized intumescent coating damage with various intumescent coating thicknesses between 0.5mm to 2.0mm. It was found that the average deflection was linear for the first 30 mins of exposure for all the variables, damage locations and intumescent thicknesses. It was concluded that a thicker layered intumescent coating may not be a better insulator or be compared to a much less thick intumescent coating at elevated temperature. The use of passive fire protection, however, does enhance the overall fire resistance of the steel beam, in contrast to a naked steel structure. The research work investigated the intumescent coating behaviour with different aspects of protection and damage and the outcome of the assessment provided a robust guide and additional understanding of the performance of intumescent coating at elevated temperature.
Book Synopsis Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Structures and Materials by : Olga Zybina
Download or read book Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Structures and Materials written by Olga Zybina and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-04 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides practical recommendations for creation of fire retardant materials with an increased service life. The enhanced fire resistance seen in these materials is based on the regularities of the chemical and physicochemical interaction of the components of intumescent composition in the process of thermolytic synthesis of heat-insulating char-foamed layers. The aim of fire protection of various objects with intumescent materials is to create a heat-insulating charred layer on the surface of structural elements; this layer can withstand high temperatures and mechanical damage which are typical during fires. The authors describe the contribution of basic components (melamine, pentaerythritol, ammonium polyphosphate), additional components (chlorinated paraffin, urea, cellulose, carbon nano additives, etc.) and polymer binders of intumescent compositions on the process of charring. The technological aspects of manufacturing, application and operation of fire retardant intumescent compositions, which can be useful for organizations that produce and use fire retardant materials, are also described.
Book Synopsis Morphology and Performance Characterization of Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Structural Steel by : Jiyuan Kang
Download or read book Morphology and Performance Characterization of Intumescent Coatings for Fire Protection of Structural Steel written by Jiyuan Kang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intumescent coating is becoming popular in building constructions as a passive fire protection product. It expands and forms a porous thermal protective char layer when exposed to a fire and can effectively protect building steel structures from high temperature. A large number of studies about intumescent coatings have been conducted, particularly in the following fields: (1) chemical formulation, which focuses on the choices of ingredients; i.e., a carbon source, an acid source and a blowing agent, to form a proper combination; and (2) numerical models, which aim to simulate the chemical-reaction and heat-transfer processes during the fire protection period. To develop a new formulation and additives or to validate the numerical models, the characterization of the char formation is of essential importance. However, a universal characterization method has not yet been fully developed for diagnosing the internal char-forming processes, the morphological structure of the char formed, and the real-time interior thermal properties during the fire protection period. This deficiency stems mainly from technical difficulties in obtaining structure character from the expanded char without damage and measuring a precise heat transfer history from a high temperature (up to 600 °C ) shape changing porous media.In this study, a laboratory-scale mass-loss cone heating device is used to impose three incident radiant heat fluxes (25, 50, and 75 kW/m2) on different types of intumescent coatings (water-based and epoxy-based). The morphological characteristics of the expanded and charred intumescent coatings have been studied using a computer tomography (CT)-based analysis method. Image processing techniques are applied to the CT-scanned data to generate 3D reconstructed images and to measure structure properties using ImageJ software. Thermal insulating performance (apparent thermal conductivity and heat blocking efficiency) of the expanding char layer is determined in situ based on real-time measurements of the temperature distribution in the char layer and the heat flux transmitted through the char layer. The Dynamic Plane Source (DPS) method is also employed to measure the thermal conductivity of the post-exposure char as a verification method of the in-situ measurements.The present structure and thermal characterization method is useful to assist in new formulation developments and to advance numerical modeling.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Aspects of Intumescent Systems for Fire Protection of Steel Structures by : Nittaya Hansupo
Download or read book Fundamental Aspects of Intumescent Systems for Fire Protection of Steel Structures written by Nittaya Hansupo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this PhD work is to get an insight into the mechanisms of action of epoxy based intumescent coating to be able to provide the outlooks for the development of novel systems of higher protection against fire. The intumescent formulation is highly complex system. This work focuses particularly on the key components of which the understanding of the mechanisms of action is still lacking. Firstly, the mechanisms of action of borates were investigated in both chemical and thermo-physical modifications; the combination of the results obtained from different aspects allows drawing its mode of action. On the one hand, borates in particular boric acid have been mentioned to be Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic (CMR); the substitution of these important intumescent components are necessary. The results point out the important role and high reactivity of zinc (i.e. from zinc borate), this suggests the development of novel systems by incorporating zinc based compound instead of zinc borate. Secondly, the effect of CaCO3 on fire protective properties and its mechanism of action in intumescent coating were examined. The addition of CaCO3 improves the fire protective properties and adhesion/cohesion of the coating and its mechanism of action was fully justified. Additionally, various carbonates (i.e. MgCO3, ZnCO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3) as intumescent ingredient were also examined. The use of MgCO3 as intumescent ingredient is beneficial for the fire protective properties of the coating as well as the use of CaCO3. In this work, the mechanisms of action of borates and carbonates were fully examined. The results suggest the development of novel systems with using the alternative ingredients such as zinc-based compound or MgCO3.
Book Synopsis Polymer Green Flame Retardants by : Constantine D. Papaspyrides
Download or read book Polymer Green Flame Retardants written by Constantine D. Papaspyrides and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials
Book Synopsis Structures in Fire by : Venkatesh Kodur
Download or read book Structures in Fire written by Venkatesh Kodur and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1047 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structural Design for Fire Safety by : Andrew H. Buchanan
Download or read book Structural Design for Fire Safety written by Andrew H. Buchanan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Design for Fire Safety, 2nd edition Andrew H. Buchanan, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Anthony K. Abu, University of Canterbury, New Zealand A practical and informative guide to structural fire engineering This book presents a comprehensive overview of structural fire engineering. An update on the first edition, the book describes new developments in the past ten years, including advanced calculation methods and computer programs. Further additions include: calculation methods for membrane action in floor slabs exposed to fires; a chapter on composite steel-concrete construction; and case studies of structural collapses. The book begins with an introduction to fire safety in buildings, from fire growth and development to the devastating effects of severe fires on large building structures. Methods of calculating fire severity and fire resistance are then described in detail, together with both simple and advanced methods for assessing and designing for structural fire safety in buildings constructed from structural steel, reinforced concrete, or structural timber. Structural Design for Fire Safety, 2nd edition bridges the information gap between fire safety engineers, structural engineers and building officials, and it will be useful for many others including architects, code writers, building designers, and firefighters. Key features: • Updated references to current research, as well as new end-of-chapter questions and worked examples. •Authors experienced in teaching, researching, and applying structural fire engineering in real buildings. • A focus on basic principles rather than specific building code requirements, for an international audience. An essential guide for structural engineers who wish to improve their understanding of buildings exposed to severe fires and an ideal textbook for introductory or advanced courses in structural fire engineering.
Book Synopsis New Technologies in Protective Coatings by : Carlos Giudice
Download or read book New Technologies in Protective Coatings written by Carlos Giudice and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials are at the center of all technological advances; it is evident in considering the spectacular progress that has been made in fields as diverse as engineering, medicine, biology, etc. Materials science and technology must develop researches allowing the generation of new methods of protection to reduce fundamentally the losses of human life as well as the economic ones. The former are impossible of quantifying, while the latter are highly significant; thus, only those derived from corrosive processes in their different forms reach, in technologically developed countries, about 4% of the Gross National Product (GNP), while those derived from fire action range from 0.5 to 1.0% of the mentioned GNP. The book, in the different chapters, displays original systems of superficial protection and of low environmental impact to minimize the losses by corrosion and the fire action.
Book Synopsis Intumescent coating performance on steel structures under realistic fire conditions by : Jifeng Yuan
Download or read book Intumescent coating performance on steel structures under realistic fire conditions written by Jifeng Yuan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Resistance to Fire of Intumescent Silicone Based Coating by : Bastien Gardelle
Download or read book Development and Resistance to Fire of Intumescent Silicone Based Coating written by Bastien Gardelle and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this Ph.D work is to develop intumescent coatings for the protection of steel against fire. The aim of this coating is to ensure the integrity of steel structure exposed to fire since steel loses more than 50% of its load capacity above 550°C. Intumescent coatings expand in case of fire leading to the formation of an insulative barrier limiting the heat transfer from the heat source to the substrate. Most of these coatings are organic based and thus exhibit some limitations. Thus, in this work, hybrid organic-inorganic coatings based on silicone resins were developed. In a first step, it is shown that room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber is the silicone matrix exhibiting the best insulative properties in fire scenarios. Expandable graphite is then used as blowing agent to make the silicone swell when exposed to fire. Due to several interactions between silicone and expandable graphite at high temperature, the coating exhibits excellent fire performance. This performance was attributed to the swelling properties, the low thermal conductivity at high temperature and the good cohesion of the developed char. Additional fillers such as calcium carbonate and organoclay are incorporated in the formulation to increase the mechanical properties of the char. Finally, the critical parameters governing the insulative properties of intumescent silicone coatings have been determined. Moreover, it was pointed out that it is possible to develop silicone coatings exhibiting better fire performance than commercial intumescent paint for the protection of steel against fire in both hydrocarbon and cellulosic fire scenarios.
Book Synopsis The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook by : Alexander B. Morgan
Download or read book The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop, practical handbook containing all of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardant technologies as well as experimental systems near commercialization In response to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardants with alternate technologies, this handbook focuses on existing non-halogenated flame retardants and the experimental close-to-production systems that are available today. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook starts with an overview of the regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenated flame retardant selections over older halogenated technologies. It then moves on to cover the known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants, before concluding with the current niche-performing technologies and untried commercial contenders of the future. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook: Takes a practical approach to addressing the narrow subject of non-halogenated flame retardancy—placing more emphasis on flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practical considerations in flame retardant material design, and the various technologies’ strengths and limits Focuses on the proper use of non-halogenated flame retardants, rather than the mechanics of how they work Discusses important future trends in flame retardancy Features sections written by industrial and chemical experts who know how to apply the technology to polymers for fire safety needs
Book Synopsis Reliability of Steel Columns Protected by Intumescent Coatings Subjected to Natural Fires by : Chao Zhang
Download or read book Reliability of Steel Columns Protected by Intumescent Coatings Subjected to Natural Fires written by Chao Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis studied the effect of aging of intumescent coatings (ICs) on the reliability of protected steel columns in fire condition and developed a probabilistic approach to assess the service life of ICs applied on steel columns. In the study, Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to obtain the reliability index or failure probability of steel columns protected by ICs subjected to compartment fires. The effect of aging of intumescent coatings on the failure probability of protected steel columns was investigated by using variable insulation property of intumescent coatings in the simulation. The test data on aging effect on insulation property of intumescent coatings from literature was used. Based on the reliability analysis, a probabilistic approach is given to determine the service life of intumescent coatings for steel columns. In that approach, the failure probability of the protected steel columns is compared with the target probability of the structural fire design. The approach can also be used for probabilistic analysis of steel columns protected by conventional inert fire protection materials.
Book Synopsis Steel and Composite Structures by : Y.C. Wang
Download or read book Steel and Composite Structures written by Y.C. Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steel and Composite Structures: Behaviour and Design for Fire Safety presents a systematic and thorough description of the behaviour of steel and composite structures in fire, and shows how design methods are developed to quantify our understanding. Quantitative descriptions of fire behaviour, heat transfer in construction elements and structural analysis using numerical methods are all addressed and existing codes and standards for steel and composite fire safety design are critically examined. Using a comprehensive and systematic description of structural fire safety engineering principles, the author explains and illustrates the important difference between the behaviour of isolated structural elements and whole structures under fire conditions. This book is a vital source of information to structural and fire engineers. It will also be of considerable interest and value to students and researchers in this field.
Book Synopsis Guideline on Fire Ratings of Archaic Materials and Assemblies by : National Institute of Building Sciences (Washington, D.C.)
Download or read book Guideline on Fire Ratings of Archaic Materials and Assemblies written by National Institute of Building Sciences (Washington, D.C.) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of the Behaviour of Steel Structures Protected by Different Intumescent Coatings and Exposed to Various Fire Scenarios by : Andrea Lucherini
Download or read book Experimental Study of the Behaviour of Steel Structures Protected by Different Intumescent Coatings and Exposed to Various Fire Scenarios written by Andrea Lucherini and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to investigate the different fire properties that affect the intumescent coatings performance and their behaviour under different fire conditions, three sets of experi- ments representing different types of heating exposure were conducted for two different intumescent coating - the water-based PaintA and the solvent-based PaintB. In the first set of experiments, in an electric oven, steel samples were exposed to several non- standard fire curves with heating rates lower than the ISO834 fire curve. The steel specimens were IPE400 steel profile sections protected by 1.00 mm dry film thickness (DFT) of intumescent coating. The same samples were used also in the second set of experiments, where the steel specimens were exposed to the ISO834 cellulosic standard fire curve in a gas furnace. In the third set of experiments, steel plate samples pro- tected by 3 different intumescent paint DFTs (0.50, 1.00, 1.50 mm) were tested in a mass loss cone. The steel specimens were exposed to different heat fluxes, which pro- vided temperature-time curves with heating rates similar to the ISO834 standard fire curve. In all the sets of experiments, the intumescent coating behaviour was assessed by means a qualitative analysis based on visual inspection: colour, compactness, cracks, expansion, density, flammability and smoke production. Moreover, the intumescent coating performance was quantitatively assessed according to two different parameters: the thermal resistance based on the Eurocode formula for insulated steel sections and an efficiency parameter, defined as the difference between the absolute temperature of the unprotected and protected steel divided by the absolute temperature of the unprotected steel. The results underlined that many intumescent coatings characteristics, such as the paint expansion and the smoke production, are strongly dependent on the fire proper- ties. However, other aspects like the paint activation temperature are intrinsic charac- teristics and they are independent of the fire conditions. Nevertheless, many differences were highlighted on the behaviour of the two different intumescent coatings under various fire exposures. The thermal resistance developments had a similar trend, but their performances were strongly dependent on the heating rate. In particular, it was found that PaintA works better in terms of thermal resistance than PaintB. Moreover, the performance of the solvent-based PaintA improved with an increasing heating rate, while the performance of the water-based PaintB decreased with increasing heating rate. Similarly, different efficiencies of the two paints were also registered: this discrepancy was more pronounced at low heat fluxes and for thinner paint coatings. Furthermore, the intumescent paint efficiency improved with higher dry film thicknesses, but the intumescent coatings were not very sensible to their applied thicknesses and the performances with different DFTs were comparable. In addition, it was found that also the nature of the fire condition influenced the intumescent coatings behaviour with similar temperatures and heating rates. The study confirmed that the current procedure for the design of intumescent coat- ings has certain limitations, as different paints have different performances according to their compositions and their performance is also a function of the fire scenarios. In particular, the water-based paint had better performances at high heating rates, while the solvent-based paint had better performances at slow heating rates. Therefore, the intumescent coatings design should be assessed according to a wider range of fire scenarios with different properties, e.g. heating rate. In fact, in the case of solvent-based paints, the design according to the standard fire exposure generates to an overestimation of the intumescent coating performance for slow fires. This leads to a mistaken design on the unsafe side.
