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Interpretation Of Stable Carbon Isotopes In Reef Coral Skeletons And Applications For Paleoclimate Reconstruction
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Book Synopsis Interpretation of Stable Carbon Isotopes in Reef Coral Skeletons and Applications for Paleoclimate Reconstruction by : Andréa G. Grottoli-Everett
Download or read book Interpretation of Stable Carbon Isotopes in Reef Coral Skeletons and Applications for Paleoclimate Reconstruction written by Andréa G. Grottoli-Everett and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs by : David Hopley
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs written by David Hopley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.
Download or read book Oceanography Magazine written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Stable Isotope and Geochronologic Techniques for Paleoclimate Reconstruction by : Robin Brendan Trayler
Download or read book Evaluating Stable Isotope and Geochronologic Techniques for Paleoclimate Reconstruction written by Robin Brendan Trayler and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Stable isotope analysis has become the method of choice for many studies investigating the paleoecology and paleoclimate of fossil mammal faunas. While organic tissues (collagen, keratins, proteins) persist for less than 105 years highly mineralized tooth enamel is resistant to alteration and degradation and faithfully preserves its isotopic composition for millions (greater than than 106) years. Reconstructing past climates from these records relies on both understanding both micro-scale mechanisms of isotope incorporation into individual teeth, and macro-scale changes in isotope compositions over hundreds of thousands or millions of years. In this dissertation I address three questions. First, how does the geometry and timing of tooth enamel mineralization affect isotope compositions? Tooth enamel mineralization occurs in two stages with different geometries and proportions of chemical components. In chapter one I present oxygen isotope data and high-resolution major element compositional maps of forming tooth enamel to clarify the process of enamel mineralization. Oxygen isotope results show that enamel records the isotopic composition of only second stage mineralization. Given this, ideal enamel sampling strategies should follow the geometry of second stage mineralization. High resolution maps of calcium density for several teeth reveal that enamel mineralizes at a high angle relative to the underlying dentine, suggesting that existing techniques are appropriate. Second, how can geochronology and stratigraphic information be convolved to strengthen interpretations of paleoclimate proxy records? Many reconstructions of past climates rely on proxy records (e.g. pollen, isotope samples) distributed through a stratigraphic section. Interpreting these data in a global context relies on both the ability to determine the absolute age of some stratigraphic positions, and a model that describes the relationship between stratigraphic position and age, allowing the age of unknown positions to be determined. In chapter two I report new U-Pb ages for several volcanic tuffs from the Santa Cruz Formation of southern Argentina. U-Pb data commonly exhibit complexities which make existing age-depth models unsuitable. I modified an existing age-depth model to better account for variations in absolute age, relative age, and the complex age uncertainties that often arise from magmatic crystal populations. Finally, I present a case study from the Santa Cruz Formation, Argentina. Fossil rich sediments span the initiation of the mid-Miocene climatic optimum, the most recent period of greenhouse conditions in the Cenozoic. carbon isotope-based estimates of mean annual precipitation reveal a progressive aridification of Patagonia with precipitation decreasing prior to the mid-Miocene climatic optimum."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 4318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches
Book Synopsis The Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotope Ratios of the Density Bands Recorded in Reef Coral Skeletons by : Ted William Walsh
Download or read book The Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotope Ratios of the Density Bands Recorded in Reef Coral Skeletons written by Ted William Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon Isotopes ([delta]13C & [Delta]14C) and Trace Elements (Ba, Mn, Y) in Small Mountainous Rivers and Coastal Coral Skeletons in Puerto Rico by : Ryan Patrick Moyer
Download or read book Carbon Isotopes ([delta]13C & [Delta]14C) and Trace Elements (Ba, Mn, Y) in Small Mountainous Rivers and Coastal Coral Skeletons in Puerto Rico written by Ryan Patrick Moyer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Abstract: Tropical small mountainous rivers (SMRs) may transport up to 33% of the total carbon (C) delivered to the oceans. However, these fluxes are poorly quantified and historical records of land-ocean carbon delivery are rare. Corals have the potential to provide such records in the tropics because they are long-lived, draw on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for calcification, and isotopic variations within their skeletons are useful proxies of palaeoceanographic variability. The ability to quantify riverine C inputs to the coastal ocean and understand how they have changed through time is critical to understanding global carbon budgets in the context of modern climate change. A seasonal dual isotope (13C & 14C) characterization of the three major C pools in two SMRs and their adjacent coastal waters within Puerto Rico was conducted in order to understand the isotope signature of DIC being delivered to the coastal oceans. Additionally a 56-year record of paired coral skeletal C isotopes ([delta]13C & [Delta]14C) and trace elements (Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, Y/Ca) is presented from a coral growing ~1 km from the mouth of an SMR. Four major findings were observed: 1) Riverine DIC was more depleted in [delta]13C and [Delta]14C than seawater DIC, 2) the correlation of [delta]13C and [Delta]14C was the same in both coral skeleton and the DIC of the river and coastal waters, 3) Coral [delta]13C and Ba/Ca were annually coherent with river discharge, and 4) increases in coral Ba/Ca were synchronous with the timing of depletions of both [delta]13C and [Delta]14C in the coral skeleton and increases in river discharge. This study represents a first-order comprehensive C isotope analysis of major C pools being transported to the coastal ocean via tropical SMRs. The strong coherence between river discharge and coral [delta]13C and Ba/Ca, and the concurrent timing of increases in Ba/Ca with decreases in [delta]13C and [Delta]14C suggest that river discharge is simultaneously recorded by multiple geochemical records. Based on these findings, the development of coral-based proxies for the history of land-ocean carbon flux would be invaluable to understanding the role of tropical land-ocean carbon fluxes in the context of global climate change.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Temperature and Light on the Stable Isotopic Composition of Reef Coral Skeletons by : Sandra M. Weil
Download or read book The Effect of Temperature and Light on the Stable Isotopic Composition of Reef Coral Skeletons written by Sandra M. Weil and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Petrography, Geochemical and Isotopic Analysis in Live and Fossil Coral Skeletons and Speleothems for Paleoclimate Reconstructions and Environmental Monitoring in the Mediterranean Region by : Paolo Montagna
Download or read book Petrography, Geochemical and Isotopic Analysis in Live and Fossil Coral Skeletons and Speleothems for Paleoclimate Reconstructions and Environmental Monitoring in the Mediterranean Region written by Paolo Montagna and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs and Climate Change by : Jonathan Turnbull Phinney
Download or read book Coral Reefs and Climate Change written by Jonathan Turnbull Phinney and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 61. The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and related climate change on shallow coral reefs are gaining considerable attention for scientific and economic reasons worldwide. Although increased scientific research has improved our understanding of the response of coral reefs to climate change, we still lack key information that can help guide reef management. Research and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems over the past few decades have documented two major threats related to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2: (1) increased sea surface temperatures and (2) increased seawater acidity (lower pH). Higher atmospheric CO2 levels have resulted in rising sea surface temperatures and proven to be an acute threat to corals and other reef-dwelling organisms. Short periods (days) of elevated sea surface temperatures by as little as 1–2°C above the normal maximum temperature has led to more frequent and more widespread episodes of coral bleaching-the expulsion of symbiotic algae. A more chronic consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 is the lowering of pH of surface waters, which affects the rate at which corals and other reef organisms secrete and build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by an estimated 0.1 unit since preindustrial times, and will continue to decline in concert with rising atmospheric CO2. These climate-related Stressors combined with other direct anthropogenic assaults, such as overfishing and pollution, weaken reef organisms and increase their susceptibility to disease.
Book Synopsis Isotopes Applications in Earth Sciences by : Rehab Abdel Rahman
Download or read book Isotopes Applications in Earth Sciences written by Rehab Abdel Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of stable and radioactive isotopes are supporting sustainable development goals. They are used to study different ecological, biological, chemical and geological systems and understand their dynamics and interactions. Environmental applications of these isotopes include tracing pollutant migration, assessing and predicting climatic changes and planning for water management. This book highlights recent isotope applications in studying the hydrosphere and lithosphere compartments of the Earth. These applications include the use of natural and anthropogenic isotopes to understand the natural processes in these compartments. Chapters focus on soil distribution and sedimentation, dating tectono-metamorphic events, assessing brine origin, planning for water management and the effect of variation of environmental conditions on the biological and isotopic changes in coral skeletons.
Book Synopsis Physiology and Biogeochemistry of Corals Subjected to Repeat Bleaching and Combined Ocean Acidification and Warming by : Verena Schoepf
Download or read book Physiology and Biogeochemistry of Corals Subjected to Repeat Bleaching and Combined Ocean Acidification and Warming written by Verena Schoepf and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral skeletal carbon isotopes are important paleo-climate proxies and have the potential to record past bleaching events. However, they are often confounded by strong kinetic isotope effects that can mask the bleaching signal in the skeleton and compromise overall accuracy of the proxy. A proposed data correction to remove kinetic isotope effects was tested for the first time using bleached corals. In addition, it was tested if photosynthesis to respiration (P/R) ratios can be reliably calculated from coral isotopes. We found that the data correction did not effectively remove kinetic isotope effects, and that isotope-based P/R ratios are in poor agreement with P/R ratios measured by respirometry. Therefore, the data correction should not be routinely applied to paleo-climate reconstruction, and P/R ratios should be obtained by respirometry only.
Author :Jeffrey M. Heikoop Publisher :National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada ISBN 13 : Total Pages :166 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (181 download)
Book Synopsis Environmental Signals in Coral Tissue and Skeleton by : Jeffrey M. Heikoop
Download or read book Environmental Signals in Coral Tissue and Skeleton written by Jeffrey M. Heikoop and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1997 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Past, Present and Future by : Covadonga Orejas
Download or read book Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Past, Present and Future written by Covadonga Orejas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do we know about Mediterranean Cold (Deep)-Water coral ecosystems? In this book, specialists offer answers and insights with a series of chapters and short papers about the paleoecology, biology, physiology and ecology of the corals and other organisms that comprise these ecosystems. Structured on a temporal axis—Past, Present and Future—the reviews and selected study cases cover the cold and deep coral habitats known to date in the Mediterranean Basin. This book illustrates and explains the deep Mediterranean coral habitats that might have originated similar thriving ecosystems in today’s Atlantic Ocean.
Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Geochemistry of a Late Quaternary Coral Reef Sequence, New Guinea by : Paul Aharon
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry of a Late Quaternary Coral Reef Sequence, New Guinea written by Paul Aharon and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by : National Research Council
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Book Synopsis Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton by : M. Anne Katzenberg
Download or read book Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton written by M. Anne Katzenberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Indispensable Resource on Advanced Methods of Analysis of Human Skeletal and Dental Remains in Archaeological and Forensic Contexts Now in its third edition, Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton has become a key reference for bioarchaeologists, human osteologists, and paleopathologists throughout the world. It builds upon basic skills to provide the foundation for advanced scientific analyses of human skeletal remains in cultural, archaeological, and theoretical contexts. This new edition features updated coverage of topics including histomorphometry, dental morphology, stable isotope methods, and ancient DNA, as well as a number of new chapters on paleopathology. It also covers bioarchaeological ethics, taphonomy and the nature of archaeological assemblages, biomechanical analyses of archaeological human skeletons, and more. Fully updated and revised with new material written by leading researchers in the field Includes many case studies to demonstrate application of methods of analysis Offers valuable information on contexts, methods, applications, promises, and pitfalls Covering the latest advanced methods and techniques for analyzing skeletal and dental remains from archaeological discoveries, Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton is a trusted text for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals in human osteology, bioarchaeology, and paleopathology.
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