Internephron Synchronization Of Renal Blood Flow Autoregulation

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Internephron Synchronization of Renal Blood Flow Autoregulation

Author : Nicholas Graygory Andreas Mitrou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Internephron Synchronization of Renal Blood Flow Autoregulation by : Nicholas Graygory Andreas Mitrou

Download or read book Internephron Synchronization of Renal Blood Flow Autoregulation written by Nicholas Graygory Andreas Mitrou and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renal autoregulation is the system that maintains a constant renal blood flow when arterial pressure fluctuates. Failure of autoregulation leads to renal damage and subsequent failure. There are two mechanisms of autoregulation. First is the myogenic response, which is common to almost all microvascular beds. Second is tubuloglomerular feedback, which is a slower system that fine-tunes the delivery of solutes to each nephorn. Autoregulation is well studied. However, limitations in measurement techniques, and simplifying assumption, previously forced us to assume that all nephrons in the kidney act independently in response to local changes in blood pressure. The goal of this dissertation was to determine the presence, extent, and mechanism of network behaviour in renal autoregulation. In this dissertation I show that the mechanisms of renal autoregulation are synchronized over macroscopic regions of the renal surface, and that the spatial distribution of synchronization can be modulated by nitric oxide. Then I show that the patterns of synchronization of autoregulation on the surface of the kidney are governed by the underlying arterial anatomy. We show that the mechanism of internephron synchronization is chiefly dependent on gap junctional intercellular communication, and that removal of this communication pathway reduces the efficiency of autoregulation overall. Finally, impaired autoregulation in early diabetes is shown to coincide with a reduction in spatial smoothing of autoregulation. By the end, I have shown that internephron synchronization is present in the kidney, and 1) synchronization is modulated by an important hormonal modulator, nitric oxide, 2) that arterial anatomy determines divisions between synchronized clusters, 3) gap junctions mediate synchronization and contribute to autoregulation effectiveness, and 4) that network behaviour of autoregulation is reduced in early diabetes, linked with impaired autoregulation. Overall, this shows that internephron synchronization is an important aspect of renal autoregulation, and it must be considered in the future when studying this field.

Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System

Author : Vladimir Parpura
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387794921
Total Pages : 701 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System by : Vladimir Parpura

Download or read book Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.

Low-voltage-activated T-type Calcium Channels

Author : Richard W. Tsien
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Low-voltage-activated T-type Calcium Channels by : Richard W. Tsien

Download or read book Low-voltage-activated T-type Calcium Channels written by Richard W. Tsien and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Core Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care

Author : Basil F. Matta
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139499858
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Core Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care by : Basil F. Matta

Download or read book Core Topics in Neuroanaesthesia and Neurointensive Care written by Basil F. Matta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Core Topics in Neuroanesthesia and Neurointensive Care is an authoritative and practical clinical text that offers clear diagnostic and management guidance for a wide range of neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care problems. With coverage of every aspect of the discipline by outstanding world experts, this should be the first book to which practitioners turn for easily accessible and definitive advice. Initial sections cover relevant anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, intraoperative and critical care monitoring and neuroimaging. These are followed by detailed sections covering all aspects of neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care in both adult and pediatric patients. The final chapter discusses ethical and legal issues. Each chapter delivers a state-of-the art review of clinical practice, including outcome data when available. Enhanced throughout with numerous clinical photographs and line drawings, this practical and accessible text is key reading for trainee and consultant anesthetists and critical care specialists.

Histamine in the brain

Author : Jian-Sheng Lin
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889194345
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Histamine in the brain by : Jian-Sheng Lin

Download or read book Histamine in the brain written by Jian-Sheng Lin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems provide different contributions to these processes. The histaminergic system, long ignored as a major regulator of the sleep-wake cycle, has now been fully acknowledged also as a major coordinator of attention, learning and memory, decision making. Although histaminergic neurons project widely to the whole brain, they are functionally heterogeneous, a feature which may provide the substrate for differential regulation, in a region-specific manner, of other neurotransmitter systems. Neurochemical preclinical studies have clearly shown that histamine interacts and modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are recognized as major modulators of cognitive processing and motivated behaviours. As a consequence, the histamine system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat sleep-wake disorders and cognitive dysfunctions that accompany neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Last decades have witnessed an unexpected explosion of interest in brain histamine system, as new receptors have been discovered and selective ligands synthesised. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the histamine systems fine-tuning and its orchestration with other pathways remains rather elusive. This Research Topic is intended to offer an inter-disciplinary forum that will improve our current understanding of the role of brain histamine and provide the fundamentals necessary to drive innovation in clinical practice and to improve the management and treatment of neurological disorders.

PanVascular Medicine

Author : Peter Lanzer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642370779
Total Pages : 5004 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis PanVascular Medicine by : Peter Lanzer

Download or read book PanVascular Medicine written by Peter Lanzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 5004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular management and care has become a truly multidisciplinary enterprise as the number of specialists involved in the treatment of patients with vascular diseases has steadily increased. While in the past, treatments were delivered by individual specialists, in the twenty-first century a team approach is without doubt the most effective strategy. In order to promote professional excellence in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field, a shared knowledge base and interdisciplinary standards need to be established. Pan Vascular Medicine, 2nd edition has been designed to offer such an interdisciplinary platform, providing vascular specialists with state-of-the art descriptive and procedural knowledge. Basic science, diagnostics, and therapy are all comprehensively covered. In a series of succinct, clearly written chapters, renowned specialists introduce and comment on the current international guidelines and present up-to-date reviews of all aspects of vascular care.

The Anaesthesia Science Viva Book

Author : Simon Bricker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521682480
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (824 download)

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Book Synopsis The Anaesthesia Science Viva Book by : Simon Bricker

Download or read book The Anaesthesia Science Viva Book written by Simon Bricker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to this part of the FRCA exam.

Voltage Gated Sodium Channels

Author : Peter C. Ruben
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642415881
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Voltage Gated Sodium Channels by : Peter C. Ruben

Download or read book Voltage Gated Sodium Channels written by Peter C. Ruben and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of techniques to study ion channels have been developed since the electrical basis of excitability was first discovered. Ion channel biophysicists have at their disposal a rich and ever-growing array of instruments and reagents to explore the biophysical and structural basis of sodium channel behavior. Armed with these tools, researchers have made increasingly dramatic discoveries about sodium channels, culminating most recently in crystal structures of voltage-gated sodium channels from bacteria. These structures, along with those from other channels, give unprecedented insight into the structural basis of sodium channel function. This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology will explore sodium channels from the perspectives of their biophysical behavior, their structure, the drugs and toxins with which they are known to interact, acquired and inherited diseases that affect sodium channels and the techniques with which their biophysical and structural properties are studied.

Personalized Anaesthesia

Author : Pedro L. Gambús
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107579252
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Personalized Anaesthesia by : Pedro L. Gambús

Download or read book Personalized Anaesthesia written by Pedro L. Gambús and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a modern vision of anaesthesia, integrating technology and knowledge, to change how anaesthesia is taught and practised.

Post-Anesthesia Care

Author : James W. Heitz
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316688240
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (166 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-Anesthesia Care by : James W. Heitz

Download or read book Post-Anesthesia Care written by James W. Heitz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initial hours after surgery are a critical time in the care of the surgical patient. Familiarity with the clinical presentation of perioperative complications is important to achieving optimal outcomes. By taking an approach to complications based upon signs and symptoms seen in the early post-operative period among adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, this book aids the practitioner in the clinical management of surgical patients during the often turbulent hours after surgery. After a brief introduction to PACU organization, this manual discusses the common and most serious symptoms encountered in the post-operative patient, giving guidance on diagnosis of the underlying disorder and the treatment options available. The book also includes chapters dedicated to subspecialty patients, including patients requiring post-operative mechanical ventilation, pediatric patients, patients with implantable cardiac devices, morbidly obese patients and the complex pain patient. This practical manual is essential reading for all practitioners working in the PACU environment.

Quantitative Physiology

Author : Shangbin Chen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813340339
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Physiology by : Shangbin Chen

Download or read book Quantitative Physiology written by Shangbin Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stephen Hawking says that the 21st century will be the century of complexity and indeed now systems biology or medicine means dealing with complexity. Both the genome and physiome have emerged in studying complex physiological systems. Computational and mathematical modeling has been regarded as an efficient tool to boost the understanding about living systems in normal or pathophysiological states. Covering applied methodology, basic case studies and complex applications, this volume provides researchers with an overview of modeling and computational studies of physiology (i.e. quantitative physiology), which is becoming an increasingly important branch of systems biology. This book aims to build multi-scale models to investigate functions in living systems and explain how biomolecules, cells, organs, organ systems and organisms carry out the chemical or physical functions. Some of the models addressed are related to gene expression, calcium signalling, neural activity, blood dynamics and bone mechanics. Combining theory and practice, with extensive use of MATLAB, this book is designed to establish a paradigm for quantitative physiology by integrating biology, mathematics, physics and informatics etc. To benefit from this book, the readers are expected to have a background in general physiology and mathematics

Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems

Author : Marc Thiriet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461494699
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems by : Marc Thiriet

Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems written by Marc Thiriet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together, the volumes in this series present all of the data needed at various length scales for a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanism. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems, together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning in quantitative terms. The present volume focuses on macroscopic aspects of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in normal conditions, i.e., anatomy and physiology, as well as the acquisition and processing of medical images and physiological signals.

The Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy

Author : I.M. Korr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146848902X
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy by : I.M. Korr

Download or read book The Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy written by I.M. Korr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the request of a Subcommittee of the United States Senate, in February, 1975, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (now the National Institute of Neurological and Communi cative Disorders and Stroke) conducted a Workshop on the Research Status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy. The Workshop was held in response to the Senate Subcommittee's request for an "independent unbiased study of the fundamentals of the chiropractic profession. " Since spinal manipulative therapy is a key tenet of chiropractic, the Institute felt a research workshop focused on that issue would provide a useful base upon which to examine the broad concept of the role of biomechanical alterations of the spine in health and disease. This would include the pathophysiologic and clinical hypotheses formulated by medical and osteopathic physicians as w~ll as chiropractors. Why the relatively sudden interest of the Senate Subcommittee in chiropractic? There were probably many reasons for that interest, but suffice to say anticipation of discussion on the role of chiro practic in any national system of health insurance could in itself have provided adequate stimulus for the request. In any case, the NINCDS was asked to review what was and what was not known about the fundamentals of chiropractic. I stress "fundamentals" since as a research organization, the NINCDS is not charged with review ing matters such as clinical education, licensure or clinical prac tice. A small expert committee of scientific consultants helped the Institute design the format and agenda for the Workshop.

Color Atlas of Pharmacology

Author : Heinz Lüllmann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783137817024
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Color Atlas of Pharmacology by : Heinz Lüllmann

Download or read book Color Atlas of Pharmacology written by Heinz Lüllmann and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Physiology

Author : Robert J. Person
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468403427
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Physiology by : Robert J. Person

Download or read book Physiology written by Robert J. Person and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review covers the major systems of human physiology. These Notes are not exhaustive and assume that students have completed a course in human physiology and wish to refresh their memory in preparing for an examination. Students are encouraged to refer to a comprehensive textbook or to monographs while using this review. This book is a revised version of a review book used by our medical students for over ten years. Coverage of various topics in physiology is comparable to the percentage of questions on those topics in recent National Board, Part I examinations. Review questions follow every few pages of text in order to monitor your understanding of the just preceding material. Multiple choice questions are mainly of the two conventional types; "single best answer" questions and "multiple correct answer" questions. "Single co~ct answer" questions have lettered alternatives (Le. , A to E); "multiple correct answer" questions have numbered alternatives (Le. , 1, 2, 3 and 4). The latter questions are answered as follows: Answer A if 1, 2 and 3 are correct Answer B if 1 and 3 are correct Answer C if 2 and 4 are correct Answer D if 4 only is correct Answer E if all are correct National Board Examinations also use matching questions, and matching with four choices (Le. , Situation 1, Situation 2, Both 1 and 2, Neither 1 or 2). Review questions are numbered consecutively within each of the seven chapters.

NPY Family of Peptides in Neurobiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders: from Genes to Therapeutics

Author : Zofia Zukowska
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783764371555
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (715 download)

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Book Synopsis NPY Family of Peptides in Neurobiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders: from Genes to Therapeutics by : Zofia Zukowska

Download or read book NPY Family of Peptides in Neurobiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders: from Genes to Therapeutics written by Zofia Zukowska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-17 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NPY-family of peptides encompasses several groups of neurotransmitters and hormones, which exert diverse biological and pathological actions that bear on all major vital systems. The recognition of the role of NPY in stimulation of food intake has already resulted in discovery of potent and selective NPY receptor Y-5 antagonists which are in clinical development for obesity while NPY Y1 receptors are targeted for cardiovascular indications. Research into the multiple functions of NPY and its receptors in neurological and affective disorders are also actively pursued. This book is a unique compilation of the most recent breakthroughs in NPY/PYY neurobiology, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, written by internationally renowned experts with the objective to synthesize leading concepts and data in support for translational medicine.

Purinergic Signalling in Neuron-Glia Interactions

Author : Derek J. Chadwick
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470032235
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Purinergic Signalling in Neuron-Glia Interactions by : Derek J. Chadwick

Download or read book Purinergic Signalling in Neuron-Glia Interactions written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATP, the intracellular energy source, is also an extremely important cell–cell signalling molecule for a wide variety of cells across evolutionarily diverse organisms. The extracellular biochemistry of ATP and its derivatives is complex, and the multiple membrane receptors that it activates are linked to many intracellular signalling systems. Purinergic signalling affects a diverse range of cellular phenomena, including ion channel function, cytoskeletal dynamics, gene expression, secretion, cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Recently, this class of signalling molecules and receptors has been found to mediate communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells (glia) in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Glia are critical for normal brain function, development and response to injury. Neural impulse activity is detected by glia and purinergic signalling is emerging as a major means of integrating functional activity between neurons, glia and vascular cells in the nervous system. These interactions mediate effects of neural activity on the development of the nervous system and in association with injury, neurodegeneration, myelination and cancer. Bringing together contributions from experts in diverse fields, including glial biologists, neurobiologists and specialists in purinergic receptor structure and pharmacology, this book considers how extracellular ATP acts to integrate communication between different types of glia, and between neurons and glia. Beginning with an overview of glia and purinergic signalling, it contains detailed coverage of purine release, receptors and reagents, purinergic signalling in the neural control of glial development, glial involvement in information processing, and discussion of the interactions between neurons and microglia.