International Human Rights And Authoritarian Rule In Chile

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International Human Rights and Authoritarian Rule in Chile

Author : Darren G. Hawkins
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803224049
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis International Human Rights and Authoritarian Rule in Chile by : Darren G. Hawkins

Download or read book International Human Rights and Authoritarian Rule in Chile written by Darren G. Hawkins and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the influence of international human rights activism on authoritarian governments in the modern era? How much can pressure from human rights organizations and nations affect political change within a county? This book addresses these key issues by examining the impact of transnational human rights organizations and international norms on Chile during Gen. Augusto Pinochet's regime (1973?90) and afterward. Darren G. Hawkins argues that steadily mounting pressure from abroad concerning human rights did, in fact, make Pinochet more vulnerable over time and helped stimulate Chile's movement to a liberal democracy. Such international expectations could not be ignored by Pinochet, and they gradually and cumulatively made themselves felt. By 1975 some Chilean officials were adopting the discourse of human rights and claiming their adherence to international norms; two years later the government's security apparatus responsible for the reign of terror was reorganized, and disappearances in Chile nearly ceased. In 1980 the regime abandoned its insistence on unlimited authoritarian rule and approved a constitution that set term limits and promised future democratic institutions; Pinochet lost a constitutionally mandated plebiscite in 1988 and ultimately left office in 1990. Hawkins contends that these changes not only were internally driven but reflected an ongoing response to an international discourse on human rights. Well-researched and cogently argued, this case study further illuminates and complicates our understanding of modern Chilean history and provides ample testimony of the far-reaching effects of international human rights work.

Moral Opposition to Authoritarian Rule in Chile, 1973-90

Author : P. Lowden
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230378935
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Opposition to Authoritarian Rule in Chile, 1973-90 by : P. Lowden

Download or read book Moral Opposition to Authoritarian Rule in Chile, 1973-90 written by P. Lowden and published by Springer. This book was released on 1995-12-17 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the political importance of moral opposition to authoritarian rule in Chile, 1973-90, as a challenge to the government's systematic human rights' violations. It was initially led by the Catholic Church, whose primate founded an organisation to defend human rights: the Vicariate of Solidarity (1976-92). The book assesses the impact of moral opposition as a force for redemocratisation by tracing the history and achievements of the Vicariate. It also argues that such moral matters are often underestimated in regime transition analysis.

Limits of Tolerance

Author : Sebastian Brett
Publisher : Human Rights Watch
ISBN 13 : 9781564321923
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (219 download)

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Book Synopsis Limits of Tolerance by : Sebastian Brett

Download or read book Limits of Tolerance written by Sebastian Brett and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 1998 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History and Legal Norms

Chile Under Pinochet

Author : Mark Ensalaco
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812201868
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Chile Under Pinochet by : Mark Ensalaco

Download or read book Chile Under Pinochet written by Mark Ensalaco and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "When the army comes out, it is to kill."—Augusto Pinochet Following his bloody September 1973 coup d'état that overthrew President Salvador Allende, Augusto Pinochet, commander-in-chief of the Chilean Armed Forces and National Police, became head of a military junta that would rule Chile for the next seventeen years. The violent repression used by the Pinochet regime to maintain power and transform the country's political profile and economic system has received less attention than the Argentine military dictatorship, even though the Pinochet regime endured twice as long. In this primary study of Chile Under Pinochet, Mark Ensalaco maintains that Pinochet was complicit in the "enforced disappearance" of thousands of Chileans and an unknown number of foreign nationals. Ensalaco spent five years in Chile investigating the impact of Pinochet's rule and interviewing members of the truth commission created to investigate the human rights violations under Pinochet. The political objective of human rights organizations, Ensalaco contends, is to bring sufficient pressure to bear on violent regimes to induce them to end policies of repression. However, these efforts are severely limited by the disparities of power between human rights organizations and regimes intent on ruthlessly eliminating dissent.

Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy

Author : Michael Albertus
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110819642X
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy by : Michael Albertus

Download or read book Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy written by Michael Albertus and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that - in terms of institutional design, the allocation of power and privilege, and the lived experiences of citizens - democracy often does not restart the political game after displacing authoritarianism. Democratic institutions are frequently designed by the outgoing authoritarian regime to shield incumbent elites from the rule of law and give them an unfair advantage over politics and the economy after democratization. Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy systematically documents and analyzes the constitutional tools that outgoing authoritarian elites use to accomplish these ends, such as electoral system design, legislative appointments, federalism, legal immunities, constitutional tribunal design, and supermajority thresholds for change. The study provides wide-ranging evidence for these claims using data that spans the globe and dates from 1800 to the present. Albertus and Menaldo also conduct detailed case studies of Chile and Sweden. In doing so, they explain why some democracies successfully overhaul their elite-biased constitutions for more egalitarian social contracts.

Post-transitional Justice

Author : Cath Collins
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271036877
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-transitional Justice by : Cath Collins

Download or read book Post-transitional Justice written by Cath Collins and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Analyzes how activists, legal strategies, and judicial receptivity to human rights claims are constructing new accountability outcomes for human rights violations in Chile and El Salvador"--Provided by publisher.

Secrecy and Liberty: National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information

Author : Joan Fitzpatrick
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004481796
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Secrecy and Liberty: National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information by : Joan Fitzpatrick

Download or read book Secrecy and Liberty: National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information written by Joan Fitzpatrick and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tension between national security and freedom of expression and information is both acute and multifaceted. Without national security, basic human rights are always at risk. On the other hand, the tendency of governing elites to confuse `the life of the nation' with their own survival has often resulted in excessive restrictions on expression and information, as well as other fundamental rights. A proper balance between secrecy and liberty requires a vigilant press and an independent judiciary. It also requires greater clarity than currently exists as to how competing rights and interests should be weighed. This book addresses that gap. Its centerpiece is a set of Principles drafted by a group of international and national law experts, many of whom contributed chapters, to guide governments, courts and international bodies in how to strike a proper balance. The Principles have been widely endorsed, among others by United Nations experts on freedom of expression and independence of judges and lawyers. Sixteen country studies - profiling, among other states, Albania, Chile, China, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Norway, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - explore the tremendous diversity of national security doctrines and the penal and other measures aimed at suppressing allegedly secret information and speech claimed to be subversive, separatist or otherwise dangerous. Five chapters examine the cases considered and approaches taken by the UN Human Rights Committee, three regional human rights bodies, and the European Court of Justice. A Commentary draws on the other chapters to support and elucidate the Principles, noting where they reflect an existing consensus and the points at which they attempt to elicit a more rights-protective approach.

Dual Transitions from Authoritarian Rule

Author : Francisco E. Gonzlez
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM
ISBN 13 : 0801896754
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Dual Transitions from Authoritarian Rule by : Francisco E. Gonzlez

Download or read book Dual Transitions from Authoritarian Rule written by Francisco E. Gonzlez and published by Johns Hopkins University Press+ORM. This book was released on 2008-04-21 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An “analytically sophisticated and heavily documented” study of two Latin American countries in their economic and political move toward democracy (Choice). In 1982, Latin America experienced a region-wide economic collapse that had a drastic effect on governments throughout Central and South America. Many were pushed to the verge of failure, while several of the most authoritarian—Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay—went over the brink. Yet somehow, Chile’s repressive military dictatorship and Mexico’s hegemonic civilian regime endured amid the economic chaos. Dual Transitions from Authoritarian Rule explains why these two regimes survived the upheaval and how each progressed toward a more open, democratic, market-driven system in later years. Using comparative analysis of Chile and Mexico, Francisco González explains that their governments—though different ideologically—shared a type of authoritarian rule that maintained the political status quo while aiding proponents of political and economic liberalization. Featuring a discussion of parallel phenomena in Brazil, Hungary, Taiwan, and South Korea, Dual Transitions from Authoritarian Rule challenges the received wisdom about sociopolitical and economic change within authoritarian nations. A Choice Magazine Outstanding Academic Title

Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes

Author : Tom Ginsburg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107047668
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes by : Tom Ginsburg

Download or read book Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes written by Tom Ginsburg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the form and function of constitutions in countries without the fully articulated institutions of limited government.

Principles in Power

Author : Vanessa Walker
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501752685
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles in Power by : Vanessa Walker

Download or read book Principles in Power written by Vanessa Walker and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vanessa Walker's Principles in Power explores the relationship between policy makers and nongovernment advocates in Latin America and the United States government in order to explain the rise of anti-interventionist human rights policies uniquely critical of U.S. power during the Cold War. Walker shows that the new human rights policies of the 1970s were based on a complex dynamic of domestic and foreign considerations that was rife with tensions between the seats of power in the United States and Latin America, and the growing activist movement that sought to reform them. By addressing the development of U.S. diplomacy and politics alongside that of activist networks, especially in Chile and Argentina, Walker shows that Latin America was central to the policy assumptions that shaped the Carter administration's foreign policy agenda. The coup that ousted the socialist president of Chile, Salvador Allende, sparked new human rights advocacy as a direct result of U.S. policies that supported authoritarian regimes in the name of Cold War security interests. From 1973 onward, the attention of Washington and capitals around the globe turned to Latin America as the testing ground for the viability of a new paradigm for U.S. power. This approach, oriented around human rights, required collaboration among activists and state officials in places as diverse as Buenos Aires, Santiago, and Washington, DC. Principles in Power tells the complicated story of the potentials and limits of partnership between government and nongovernment actors. Analyzing how different groups deployed human rights language to reform domestic and international power, Walker explores the multiple and often conflicting purposes of U.S. human rights policy.

Rule By Law

Author : Tom Ginsburg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521720410
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Rule By Law by : Tom Ginsburg

Download or read book Rule By Law written by Tom Ginsburg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-05-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars have generally assumed that courts in authoritarian states are pawns of their regimes, upholding the interests of governing elites and frustrating the efforts of their opponents. As a result, nearly all studies in comparative judicial politics have focused on democratic and democratizing countries. This volume brings together leading scholars in comparative judicial politics to consider the causes and consequences of judicial empowerment in authoritarian states. It demonstrates the wide range of governance tasks that courts perform, as well as the way in which courts can serve as critical sites of contention both among the ruling elite and between regimes and their citizens. Drawing on empirical and theoretical insights from every major region of the world, this volume advances our understanding of judicial politics in authoritarian regimes.

The Last Utopia

Author : Samuel Moyn
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674256522
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Last Utopia by : Samuel Moyn

Download or read book The Last Utopia written by Samuel Moyn and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human rights offer a vision of international justice that today’s idealistic millions hold dear. Yet the very concept on which the movement is based became familiar only a few decades ago when it profoundly reshaped our hopes for an improved humanity. In this pioneering book, Samuel Moyn elevates that extraordinary transformation to center stage and asks what it reveals about the ideal’s troubled present and uncertain future. For some, human rights stretch back to the dawn of Western civilization, the age of the American and French Revolutions, or the post–World War II moment when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was framed. Revisiting these episodes in a dramatic tour of humanity’s moral history, The Last Utopia shows that it was in the decade after 1968 that human rights began to make sense to broad communities of people as the proper cause of justice. Across eastern and western Europe, as well as throughout the United States and Latin America, human rights crystallized in a few short years as social activism and political rhetoric moved it from the hallways of the United Nations to the global forefront. It was on the ruins of earlier political utopias, Moyn argues, that human rights achieved contemporary prominence. The morality of individual rights substituted for the soiled political dreams of revolutionary communism and nationalism as international law became an alternative to popular struggle and bloody violence. But as the ideal of human rights enters into rival political agendas, it requires more vigilance and scrutiny than when it became the watchword of our hopes.

The Judicialization of Politics in Latin America

Author : Rachel Sieder
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137108878
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (371 download)

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Book Synopsis The Judicialization of Politics in Latin America by : Rachel Sieder

Download or read book The Judicialization of Politics in Latin America written by Rachel Sieder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-30 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades the judiciary has come to play an increasingly important political role in Latin America. Constitutional courts and supreme courts are more active in counterbalancing executive and legislative power than ever before. At the same time, the lack of effective citizenship rights has prompted ordinary people to press their claims and secure their rights through the courts. This collection of essays analyzes the diverse manifestations of the judicialization of politics in contemporary Latin America, assessing their positive and negative consequences for state-society relations, the rule of law, and democratic governance in the region. With individual chapters exploring Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela, it advances a comparative framework for thinking about the nature of the judicialization of politics within contemporary Latin American democracies.

Welfare and Party Politics in Latin America

Author : Jennifer Pribble
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107030226
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Welfare and Party Politics in Latin America by : Jennifer Pribble

Download or read book Welfare and Party Politics in Latin America written by Jennifer Pribble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the variation in welfare and other social assistance policies in Latin America.

World Report 2019

Author : Human Rights Watch
Publisher : Seven Stories Press
ISBN 13 : 1609808851
Total Pages : 847 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis World Report 2019 by : Human Rights Watch

Download or read book World Report 2019 written by Human Rights Watch and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.

Nation of Enemies Chile Under Pinochet

Author : Pamela Constable
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 9780393309850
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Nation of Enemies Chile Under Pinochet by : Pamela Constable

Download or read book Nation of Enemies Chile Under Pinochet written by Pamela Constable and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1993-05-04 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of the polarization of Chilean society under Augusto Pinochet and of Chile's return to democratic government.

Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship

Author : Lisa Hilbink
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 113946681X
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship by : Lisa Hilbink

Download or read book Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship written by Lisa Hilbink and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-23 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did formerly independent Chilean judges, trained under and appointed by democratic governments, facilitate and condone the illiberal, antidemocratic, and anti-legal policies of the Pinochet regime? Challenging the assumption that adjudication in non-democratic settings is fundamentally different and less puzzling than it is in democratic regimes, this book offers a longitudinal analysis of judicial behavior, demonstrating striking continuity in judicial performance across regimes in Chile. The work explores the relevance of judges' personal policy preferences, social class, and legal philosophy, but argues that institutional factors best explain the persistent failure of judges to take stands in defense of rights and rule of law principles. Specifically, the institutional structure and ideology of the Chilean judiciary, grounded in the ideal of judicial apoliticism, furnished judges with professional understandings and incentives that left them unequipped and disinclined to take stands in defense of liberal democratic principles, before, during, and after the authoritarian interlude.