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Internal Reinforcement Of Backfill Behind Integral Bridge Abutments To Mitigate Approach Slab Distresses
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Book Synopsis Internal Reinforcement of Backfill Behind Integral Bridge Abutments to Mitigate Approach Slab Distresses by : Jie Han
Download or read book Internal Reinforcement of Backfill Behind Integral Bridge Abutments to Mitigate Approach Slab Distresses written by Jie Han and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integral abutment bridges have become popular worldwide by eliminating movable shoes which are expensive to purchase, install, and maintain in conventional bridges. However, the behavior of bridge abutments subjected to air temperature changes for integral bridges is different from that of conventional bridges. Expansion and contraction of bridge girders due to temperature variations are accommodated by joints between bridge girders and abutments for conventional bridges. Expansion of bridge girders at high temperatures moves the integral bridge abutment toward its backfill, causing high lateral earth pressures behind the abutment, while contraction of bridge girders at low temperatures moves the integral bridge abutment away from its backfill, causing backfill surface settlements. The backfill behind the abutment cannot maintain its stability after the integral abutment moves away so that the backfill material within the upper portion slumps and moves downward and toward the abutment. Cyclic movements of the integral abutment due to temperature changes disturb the backfill and further reduce its self-stability when the integral abutment moves away from the backfill in the next cycle. In addition, soil erosion and compression of backfill and foundation soil can aggravate the backfill surface settlements for both integral bridges and conventional bridges. An approach slab is commonly used to provide a smooth transition between the backfill and the bridge abutment. The approach slab may lose some support from the backfill as the backfill surface settles. Consequently, more traffic loads on the approach slab are transferred to the end of the approach slab near the adjacent pavement, resulting in a differential settlement at the joint between the approach slab and the adjacent pavement. A sleeper slab has been proposed for placement underneath the joint between the approach slab and the adjacent pavement, thus minimizing this differential settlement. However, an excessive gradient may still develop for the approach slab due to the differential settlement between two ends of the approach slab. This situation may be aggravated by the concave deformation of the approach slab due to traffic loading. Therefore, backfill surface settlements and traffic loading are the two main causes for the distresses of the approach slab. These distresses may be mitigated by the use of geosynthetic reinforcement because it is expected to increase the stability of the backfill and reduce the settlement of the sleeper slab. However, the benefits of the geosynthetic reinforcement for this application are not well investigated and confirmed. Six physical model tests were conducted in this study to investigate the benefits of geogrid reinforcement in reducing the settlements of the backfill surface and the sleeper slab. In the physical models, a manual jack was used to push and pull the integral abutment to simulate the expansion and contraction of bridge girders due to temperature increase and decrease, respectively. In addition, a hydraulic cylinder was adopted to simulate traffic loading on the approach slab at four positions (Position I to Position IV) of the model abutment top related to the four seasons (spring to winter) in a year. Test results show that both the simulated seasonal temperature change and traffic loading induced backfill surface settlements. Geogrid reinforcement increased the stiffness of the soil under the sleeper slab and enhanced the sleeper slab to carry more traffic load transferred, thus reducing the traffic load transferred to the backfill behind the abutment. Consequently, the geogrids under the sleeper slab reduced the backfill surface settlements due to traffic loading. Horizontal geogrids in the backfill increased the backfill surface settlements near the abutment but reduced the settlements of the backfill away from the abutment. Geogrids with wrap-around facing significantly reduced the backfill surface settlements due to the seasonal temperature changes and traffic loading. An increase of the top geogrid length with wrap-around facing further reduced the backfill surface settlement.
Book Synopsis Design and Construction Guidelines for Geosynthetic-reinforced Soil Bridge Abutments with a Flexible Facing by : Jonathan T. H. Wu
Download or read book Design and Construction Guidelines for Geosynthetic-reinforced Soil Bridge Abutments with a Flexible Facing written by Jonathan T. H. Wu and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2006 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction and research approach -- Findings -- Interpretation, appraisal, and applications -- Conclusions and suggested research -- Appendixes.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Integral Abutments by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Integral Abutments written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Innovative Structural Backfills to Integral Bridge Abutments by : D. R. Carder
Download or read book Innovative Structural Backfills to Integral Bridge Abutments written by D. R. Carder and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Settlement of Bridge Approaches by : Jean-Louis Briaud
Download or read book Settlement of Bridge Approaches written by Jean-Louis Briaud and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1997 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Robert J. Frosch Publisher :Joint Transportation Research Program ISBN 13 :9781622600120 Total Pages :149 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis Long-Term Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridges by : Robert J. Frosch
Download or read book Long-Term Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridges written by Robert J. Frosch and published by Joint Transportation Research Program. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integral abutment (IA) construction has become the preferred method over conventional construction for use with typical highway bridges. However, the use of these structures is limited due to state mandated length and skew limitations. To expand their applicability, studies were implemented to define limitations supported by rational analysis rather than simply engineering judgment. Previous research investigations have resulted in larger length limits and an overall better understanding of these structures. However, questions still remain regarding IA behavior; specifically questions regarding long-term behavior and effects of skew. To better define the behavior of these structures, a study was implemented to specifically investigate the long term behavior of IA bridges. First, a field monitoring program was implemented to observe and understand the in-service behavior of three integral abutment bridges. The results of the field investigation were used to develop and calibrate analytical models that adequately capture the long-term behavior. Second, a single-span, quarter-scale integral abutment bridge was constructed and tested to provide insight on the behavior of highly skewed structures. From the acquired knowledge from both the field and laboratory investigations, a parametric analysis was conducted to characterize the effects of a broad range of parameters on the behavior of integral abutment bridges. This study develops an improved understanding of the overall behavior of IA bridges. Based on the results of this study, modified length and skew limitations for integral abutment bridge are proposed. In addition, modeling recommendations and guidelines have been developed to aid designers and facilitate the increased use of integral abutment bridges.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Highway Practice by : National Cooperative Highway Research Program
Download or read book Synthesis of Highway Practice written by National Cooperative Highway Research Program and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design and Construction of Bridge Approaches by : Harvey E. Wahls
Download or read book Design and Construction of Bridge Approaches written by Harvey E. Wahls and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1990 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes case histories of the Dumbarton Bridge (San Francisco Bay, Calif.), the Rainier Avenue Embankment (Seattle, Wash.) and the Gallows Road Grade Separation (Fairfax, Va.)
Book Synopsis Integral Bridges by : George L. England
Download or read book Integral Bridges written by George L. England and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2000 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work was commissioned by the Highways Agency to produce guidance for bridge designers by addressing the thermally induced soil/structure integration problem created by environmental changes of temperature and the associated cyclical displacements imposed on the granular backfill to the bridge abutments. It develops a better theoretical understanding of the cyclic performance, in particular the strain racheting in the backfill soil when in contact with a stiff structure. It also identifies the governing soil parameters and examines their influence in the interaction problem, develops numerical modelling procedures to predict interactive soil behaviour, and identifies and quantifies the controlling features of bridge structures relevant to the interaction problem.
Author :American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Publisher :AASHTO ISBN 13 :1560514698 Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (65 download)
Book Synopsis LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges by : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Download or read book LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2009 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO by : Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geotechnik
Download or read book Recommendations for Design and Analysis of Earth Structures using Geosynthetic Reinforcements - EBGEO written by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geotechnik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The completely revised and extended Recommendations deal with all questions relevant to the planning and dimensioning of geosynthetics-reinforced earth structures. In addition to the demands on materials and analysis principles, the applications of geosynthetics in a range of foundation systems, ground improvement measures, highways engineering projects, in slopes and retaining structures, and in landfill engineering are discussed. The Recommendations have been supplemented by the following sections: - reinforced earth structures over point or linear bearing elements, - foundation systems using geotextile-encased columns, - bridging subsidence, - dynamic actions of geosynthetic-reinforced systems. The remaining sections have been fundamentally revised and updated in line with current standards and codes of practice.
Book Synopsis Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls by : Jonathan T. H. Wu
Download or read book Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls written by Jonathan T. H. Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to provide a detailed overview of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls deploy horizontal layers of closely spaced tensile inclusion in the fill material to achieve stability of a soil mass. GRS walls are more adaptable to different environmental conditions, more economical, and offer high performance in a wide range of transportation infrastructure applications. This book addresses both GRS and GMSE, with a much stronger emphasis on the former. For completeness, it begins with a review of shear strength of soils and classical earth pressure theories. It then goes on to examine the use of geosynthetics as reinforcement, and followed by the load-deformation behavior of GRS mass as a soil-geosynthetic composite, reinforcing mechanisms of GRS, and GRS walls with different types of facing. Finally, the book finishes by covering design concepts with design examples for different loading and geometric conditions, and the construction of GRS walls, including typical construction procedures and general construction guidelines. The number of GRS walls and abutments built to date is relatively low due to lack of understanding of GRS. While failure rate of GMSE has been estimated to be around 5%, failure of GRS has been found to be practically nil, with studies suggesting many advantages, including a smaller susceptibility to long-term creep and stronger resistance to seismic loads when well-compacted granular fill is employed. Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls will serve as an excellent guide or reference for wall projects such as transportation infrastructure—including roadways, bridges, retaining walls, and earth slopes—that are in dire need of repair and replacement in the U.S. and abroad. Covers both GRS and GMSE (MSE with geosynthetics as reinforcement); with much greater emphasis on GRS walls Showcases reinforcing mechanisms, engineering behavior, and design concepts of GRS and includes many step-by-step design examples Features information on typical construction procedures and general construction guidelines Includes hundreds of line drawings and photos Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls is an important book for practicing geotechnical engineers and structural engineers, as well as for advanced students of civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering.
Book Synopsis Bridge Engineering Handbook by : Wai-Fah Chen
Download or read book Bridge Engineering Handbook written by Wai-Fah Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1999: The Bridge Engineering Handbook is a unique, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art reference work and resource book covering the major areas of bridge engineering with the theme "bridge to the 21st century."
Book Synopsis Design of Highway Bridges by : Richard M. Barker
Download or read book Design of Highway Bridges written by Richard M. Barker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date coverage of bridge design and analysis revised to reflect the fifth edition of the AASHTO LRFD specifications Design of Highway Bridges, Third Edition offers detailed coverage of engineering basics for the design of short- and medium-span bridges. Revised to conform with the latest fifth edition of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, it is an excellent engineering resource for both professionals and students. This updated edition has been reorganized throughout, spreading the material into twenty shorter, more focused chapters that make information even easier to find and navigate. It also features: Expanded coverage of computer modeling, calibration of service limit states, rigid method system analysis, and concrete shear Information on key bridge types, selection principles, and aesthetic issues Dozens of worked problems that allow techniques to be applied to real-world problems and design specifications A new color insert of bridge photographs, including examples of historical and aesthetic significance New coverage of the "green" aspects of recycled steel Selected references for further study From gaining a quick familiarity with the AASHTO LRFD specifications to seeking broader guidance on highway bridge design Design of Highway Bridges is the one-stop, ready reference that puts information at your fingertips, while also serving as an excellent study guide and reference for the U.S. Professional Engineering Examination.
Book Synopsis Dams and Public Safety by : Robert B. Jansen
Download or read book Dams and Public Safety written by Robert B. Jansen and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engineering and Design by : Us Army Corps Of Engineers
Download or read book Engineering and Design written by Us Army Corps Of Engineers and published by Military Bookshop. This book was released on 1995-06 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides guidance on evaluating the condition of the concrete in a structure, relating the condition of the concrete to the underlying cause or causes of that condition, selecting an appropriate repair material and method for any deficiency found, and using the selected materials and methods to repair or rehabilitate the structure. Guidance is also included on maintenance of concrete and on preparation of concrete investigation reports for repair and rehabilitation projects. Considerations for certain specialized types of rehabilitation projects are also given.
Book Synopsis Guide Specifications for Design of Pedestrian Bridges by :
Download or read book Guide Specifications for Design of Pedestrian Bridges written by and published by American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials. This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
