Interfaces In Materials

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Interfaces in Materials

Author : James M. Howe
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Interfaces in Materials by : James M. Howe

Download or read book Interfaces in Materials written by James M. Howe and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1997-02-27 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough exploration of the atomic structures and properties of the essential engineering interfaces—an invaluable resource for students, teachers, and professionals The most up-to-date, accessible guide to solid-vapor, solid-liquid, and solid-solid phase transformations, this innovative book contains the only unified treatment of these three central engineering interfaces. Employing a simple nearest-neighbor broken-bond model, Interfaces in Materials focuses on metal alloys in a straightforward approach that can be easily extended to all types of interfaces and materials. Enhanced with nearly 300 illustrations, along with extensive references and suggestions for further reading, this book provides: A simple, cohesive approach to understanding the atomic structure and properties of interfaces formed between solid, liquid, and vapor phases Self-contained discussions of each interface—allowing separate study of each phase transformation A comparative look at the different interfaces, including atomic structure and crystallography; anisotropy, roughening, and melting; interfacial stability and segregation; continuous and ledge growth models; and atomistic modeling An analysis of nearest-neighbor broken-bond results against thermodynamic and kinetic descriptions of the interfaces Problem sets at the end of each chapter, emphasizing the key concepts detailed in the text Spanning the fields of chemical, electrical and computer engineering, materials science, solid-state physics, and microscopy, Interfaces in Materials bridges a major gap in the literature of surface and interface science.

Materials Interfaces

Author : D. Wolf
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780412412707
Total Pages : 748 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials Interfaces by : D. Wolf

Download or read book Materials Interfaces written by D. Wolf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992-10-31 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the most important properties of materials in high-technology applications are strongly influenced or even controlled by the presence of solid interfaces. In this work, leading international authorities review the broad range of subjects in this field focusing on the atomic level properties of solid interfaces.

Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces

Author : Andrei Honciuc
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128210591
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces by : Andrei Honciuc

Download or read book Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces written by Andrei Honciuc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces: Fundamentals and Applications gives a descriptive account of interfacial phenomena step-by-step, from simple to complex, to provide readers with a strong foundation of knowledge in interfacial materials chemistry. Many case studies are provided to give real-world examples of problems and their solutions, allowing readers to make the connection between fundamental understanding and applications. Emerging applications in nanomaterials and nanotechnology are also discussed. Throughout the book, the author explains the common interface and surface equations, models, methods, and applications in the creation of functional materials. The goal of Chemistry of Functional Materials Surfaces and Interfaces is to provide readers with the basic understanding of the common tools of surface and interface chemistry for application in materials science and nanotechnology. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in the disciplines of materials science and engineering and surface and interface chemistry. Includes numerous real-world examples and case studies throughout Addresses emerging applications of interfacial materials chemistry in nanomaterials and nanotechnology Provides the foundational concepts of surface and interfacial science with models, equation, and methods

Mechanics of Materials and Interfaces

Author : Chandrakant S. Desai
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420041916
Total Pages : 711 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanics of Materials and Interfaces by : Chandrakant S. Desai

Download or read book Mechanics of Materials and Interfaces written by Chandrakant S. Desai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-20 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disturbed state concept (DSC) is a unified, constitutive modelling approach for engineering materials that allows for elastic, plastic, and creep strains, microcracking and fracturing, stiffening or healing, all within a single, hierarchical framework. Its capabilities go well beyond other available material models yet lead to significant simpl

Surfaces and Interfaces of Electronic Materials

Author : Leonard J. Brillson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527665722
Total Pages : 589 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Surfaces and Interfaces of Electronic Materials by : Leonard J. Brillson

Download or read book Surfaces and Interfaces of Electronic Materials written by Leonard J. Brillson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-26 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced level textbook covering geometric, chemical, and electronic structure of electronic materials, and their applications to devices based on semiconductor surfaces, metal-semiconductor interfaces, and semiconductor heterojunctions. Starting with the fundamentals of electrical measurements on semiconductor interfaces, it then describes the importance of controlling macroscopic electrical properties by atomic-scale techniques. Subsequent chapters present the wide range of surface and interface techniques available to characterize electronic, optical, chemical, and structural properties of electronic materials, including semiconductors, insulators, nanostructures, and organics. The essential physics and chemistry underlying each technique is described in sufficient depth with references to the most authoritative sources for more exhaustive discussions, while numerous examples are provided throughout to illustrate the applications of each technique. With its general reading lists, extensive citations to the text, and problem sets appended to all chapters, this is ideal for students of electrical engineering, physics and materials science. It equally serves as a reference for physicists, material science and electrical and electronic engineers involved in surface and interface science, semiconductor processing, and device modeling and design. This is a coproduction of Wiley and IEEE * Free solutions manual available for lecturers at www.wiley-vch.de/supplements/

Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, Five-Volume Set

Author : Hari Singh Nalwa
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080533825
Total Pages : 1915 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, Five-Volume Set by : Hari Singh Nalwa

Download or read book Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, Five-Volume Set written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-26 with total page 1915 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook brings together, under a single cover, all aspects of the chemistry, physics, and engineering of surfaces and interfaces of materials currently studied in academic and industrial research. It covers different experimental and theoretical aspects of surfaces and interfaces, their physical properties, and spectroscopic techniques that have been applied to a wide class of inorganic, organic, polymer, and biological materials. The diversified technological areas of surface science reflect the explosion of scientific information on surfaces and interfaces of materials and their spectroscopic characterization. The large volume of experimental data on chemistry, physics, and engineering aspects of materials surfaces and interfaces remains scattered in so many different periodicals, therefore this handbook compilation is needed.The information presented in this multivolume reference draws on two decades of pioneering research on the surfaces and interfaces of materials to offer a complete perspective on the topic. These five volumes-Surface and Interface Phenomena; Surface Characterization and Properties; Nanostructures, Micelles, and Colloids; Thin Films and Layers; Biointerfaces and Applications-provide multidisciplinary review chapters and summarize the current status of the field covering important scientific and technological developments made over past decades in surfaces and interfaces of materials and spectroscopic techniques with contributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world. Fully cross-referenced, this book has clear, precise, and wide appeal as an essential reference source long due for the scientific community. The complete reference on the topic of surfaces and interfaces of materialsThe information presented in this multivolume reference draws on two decades of pioneering researchProvides multidisciplinary review chapters and summarizes the current status of the fieldCovers important scientific and technological developments made over past decades in surfaces and interfaces of materials and spectroscopic techniquesContributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world

Mechanics of Solid Interfaces

Author : Muriel Braccini
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118588185
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanics of Solid Interfaces by : Muriel Braccini

Download or read book Mechanics of Solid Interfaces written by Muriel Braccini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-21 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing occurrence of heterogeneous materials such as composites or coated substrates in structural parts makes it necessary for designers and scientists to deal with the specific features of the mechanical behavior of solid interfaces. This book introduces basic concepts on mechanical problems related to the presence of solid/solid interfaces and their practical applications. The various topics discussed here are the mechanical characterization of interfaces, the initiation and growth of cracks along interfaces, the origin and control of interface adhesion, focusing in particular on thin films on substrate systems. It is designed and structured to provide a solid background in the mechanics of heterogeneous materials to help students in materials science, as well as scientists and engineers.

Interfaces in Metal Matrix Composites

Author : Arthur G. Metcalfe
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483216675
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Interfaces in Metal Matrix Composites by : Arthur G. Metcalfe

Download or read book Interfaces in Metal Matrix Composites written by Arthur G. Metcalfe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-15 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interfaces in Metal Matrix Composites, Volume 1 presents the position of the science of interfaces, as well as the necessary background for the effort in progress to apply these materials. The book discusses the mechanical and physical aspects of the interface; the effect of the interface on longitudinal tensile properties; and the effect of the filament-matrix interface on off-axis tensile strength. The text also describes the role of the interface on elastic-plastic composite behavior; the effect of interface on fracture; and the interfaces in oxide reinforced metals and in directionally solidified eutectics. The effect of impurity on reinforcement-matrix compatibility is also considered. Metallurgical engineers and people involved in the study of materials science will find the book invaluable.

Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interfaces

Author : Gerald H. Meier
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521879086
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interfaces by : Gerald H. Meier

Download or read book Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interfaces written by Gerald H. Meier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-17 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible yet rigorous discussion, featuring case studies and study problems to illustrate and reinforce key concepts.

Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces

Author : Hans-Jürgen Butt
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527836160
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces by : Hans-Jürgen Butt

Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces written by Hans-Jürgen Butt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of surface and interface science, focusing on essential concepts rather than specific details, and on intuitive understanding rather than convoluted math. Numerous high-end applications from surface technology, biotechnology, and microelectronics are included to illustrate and help readers easily comprehend basic concepts. The new edition contains an increased number of problems with detailed, worked solutions, making it ideal as a self-study resource. In topic coverage, the highly qualified authors take a balanced approach, discussing advanced interface phenomena in detail while remaining comprehensible. Chapter summaries with the most important equations, facts, and phenomena are included to aid the reader in information retention. A few of the sample topics included in Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces are as follows: Liquid surfaces, covering microscopic picture of a liquid surface, surface tension, the equation of Young and Laplace, and curved liquid surfaces Thermodynamics of interfaces, covering surface excess, internal energy and Helmholtz energy, equilibrium conditions, and interfacial excess energies Charged interfaces and the electric double layer, covering planar surfaces, the Grahame equation, and limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory Surface forces, covering Van der Waals forces between molecules, macroscopic calculations, the Derjaguin approximation, and disjoining pressure Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces is a complete reference on the subject, aimed at advanced students (and their instructors) in physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering. Researchers requiring background knowledge on surface and interface science will also benefit from the accessible yet in-depth coverage of the text.

Interfaces in Particle and Fibre Reinforced Composites

Author : Kheng-Lim Goh
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081027311
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Interfaces in Particle and Fibre Reinforced Composites by : Kheng-Lim Goh

Download or read book Interfaces in Particle and Fibre Reinforced Composites written by Kheng-Lim Goh and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interfaces in Particle and Fibre-Reinforced Composites: From Macro- to Nanoscale addresses recent research findings on the particle-matrix interface at different length scales. The book's main focus is on the reinforcement of materials by particles that can result in a composite material of high stiffness and strength, but it also focuses on how the particle interacts with the (matrix) material, which may be a polymer, biological-based material, ceramic or conventional metal. The different types of particle reinforced composites are discussed, as is load transfer at the particle-matrix interface. Readers will learn how to select materials and about particle structure. Significant progress has been made in applying these approaches, thus making this book a timely piece on recent research findings on the particle-matrix interface at different length scales. Features wide coverage, from polymer, to ceramics and metal-based particulate composites Structured in a logical order to cover fundamental studies, computer simulations, experimental techniques and characterization

Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces

Author : Harald Ibach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540347100
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces by : Harald Ibach

Download or read book Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces written by Harald Ibach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-18 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level textbook covers the major developments in surface sciences of recent decades, from experimental tricks and basic techniques to the latest experimental methods and theoretical understanding. It is unique in its attempt to treat the physics of surfaces, thin films and interfaces, surface chemistry, thermodynamics, statistical physics and the physics of the solid/electrolyte interface in an integral manner, rather than in separate compartments. It is designed as a handbook for the researcher as well as a study-text for graduate students. Written explanations are supported by 350 graphs and illustrations.

Metal-Dielectric Interfaces in Gigascale Electronics

Author : Ming He
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781461418122
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Metal-Dielectric Interfaces in Gigascale Electronics by : Ming He

Download or read book Metal-Dielectric Interfaces in Gigascale Electronics written by Ming He and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal-dielectric interfaces are ubiquitous in modern electronics. As advanced gigascale electronic devices continue to shrink, the stability of these interfaces is becoming an increasingly important issue that has a profound impact on the operational reliability of these devices. In this book, the authors present the basic science underlying the thermal and electrical stability of metal-dielectric interfaces and its relationship to the operation of advanced interconnect systems in gigascale electronics. Interface phenomena, including chemical reactions between metals and dielectrics, metallic-atom diffusion, and ion drift, are discussed based on fundamental physical and chemical principles. Schematic diagrams are provided throughout the book to illustrate interface phenomena and the principles that govern them. Metal-Dielectric Interfaces in Gigascale Electronics provides a unifying approach to the diverse and sometimes contradictory test results that are reported in the literature on metal-dielectric interfaces. The goal is to provide readers with a clear account of the relationship between interface science and its applications in interconnect structures. The material presented here will also be of interest to those engaged in field-effect transistor and memristor device research, as well as university researchers and industrial scientists working in the areas of electronic materials processing, semiconductor manufacturing, memory chips, and IC design.

Surfaces and Interfaces of Solids

Author : Hans Lüth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662101599
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Surfaces and Interfaces of Solids by : Hans Lüth

Download or read book Surfaces and Interfaces of Solids written by Hans Lüth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Surfaces and Interfaces of Solids" emphasizes both experimental and theoretical aspects of surface and interface physics. Beside the techniques of preparing well-defined solid surfaces and interfaces basic models for the description of structural, vibronic and electronic properties ofinterfaces are described, as well as fundamental aspects of adsorption and layer growth. Because of its importance for modern microelectronics special emphasis is placed on the electronic properties of semiconductorinterfaces and heterostructures. Experimental topics covering the basics of ultrahigh-vacuum technology, electron optics, surface spectroscopies and electrical interface characterization techniques are presented in the form of separate panels.

Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials

Author : Pankaj Vadgama
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849334467
Total Pages : 834 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials by : Pankaj Vadgama

Download or read book Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials written by Pankaj Vadgama and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-06-14 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given such problems as rejection, the interface between an implant and its human host is a critical area in biomaterials. Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials summarizes the wealth of research on understanding the surface properties of biomaterials and the way they interact with human tissue. The first part of the book reviews the way biomaterial surfaces form. Part Two then discusses ways of monitoring and characterizing surface structure and behavior. The final two parts of the book look at a range of in vitro and in vivo studies of the complex interactions between biomaterials and the body. Chapters cover such topics as bone and tissue regeneration, the role of interface interactions in biodegradable biomaterials, microbial biofilm formation, vascular tissue engineering and ways of modifying biomaterial surfaces to improve biocompatibility. Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomaterials will be a standard work on how to understand and control surface processes in ensuring biomaterials are used successfully in medicine.

Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites

Author : Jang-Kyo Kim
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080530970
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites by : Jang-Kyo Kim

Download or read book Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites written by Jang-Kyo Kim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-10-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study and application of composite materials are a truly interdisciplinary endeavour that has been enriched by contributions from chemistry, physics, materials science, mechanics and manufacturing engineering. The understanding of the interface (or interphase) in composites is the central point of this interdisciplinary effort. From the early development of composite materials of various nature, the optimization of the interface has been of major importance. While there are many reference books available on composite materials, few of them deal specifically with the science and mechanics of the interface of fiber reinforced composites. Further, many recent advances devoted solely to research in composite interfaces have been scattered in a variety of published literature and have yet to be assembled in a readily accessible form. To this end this book is an attempt to bring together recent developments in the field, both from the materials science and mechanics perspective, in a single convenient volume. The central theme of the book is tailoring the interface properties to optimise the mechanical peformance and structural integrity of composites with enhanced strength/stiffness and fracture toughness (or specific fracture resistance). It deals mainly with interfaces in advanced composites made from high performance fibers, such as glass, carbon, aramid, ultra high modulus polyethylene and some inorganic (e.g. B/W, A12O3, SiC) fibers, and matrix materials encompassing polymers, metals/alloys and ceramics. The book is intended to provide a comprehensive treatment of composite interfaces in such a way that it should be of interest to materials scientists, technologists and practising engineers, as well as graduate students and their supervisors in advanced composites. We hope that this book will also serve as a valuable source of reference to all those involved in the design and research of composite interfaces. The book contains eight chapters of discussions on microstructure-property relationships with underlying fundamental mechanics principles. In Chapter 1, an introduction is given to the nature and definition of interfaces in fiber reinforced composites. Chapter 2 is devoted to the mechanisms of adhesion which are specific to each fiber-matrix system, and the physio-chemical characterization of the interface with regard to the origin of adhesion. The experimental techniques that have been developed to assess the fiber-matrix interface bond quality on a microscopic scale are presented in Chapter 3, along with the techniques of measuring interlaminar/intralaminar strengths and fracture toughness using bulk composite laminates. The applicability and limitations associated with loading geometry and interpretation of test data are compared. Chapter 4 presents comprehensive theoretical analyses based on shear-lag models of the single fiber composite tests, with particular interest being placed on the interface debond process and the nature of the fiber-matrix interfacial bonding. Chapter 5 is devoted to reviewing current techniques of fiber surface treatments which have been devised to improve the bond strength and the fiber-matrix compatibility/stability during the manufacturing processes of composites. The micro-failure mechanisms and their associated theories of fracture toughness of composites are discussed in Chapter 6. The roles of the interface and its effects on the mechanical performance of fiber composites are addressed from several viewpoints. Recent research efforts to augment the transverse and interlaminar fracture toughness by means of controlled interfaces are presented in Chapters 7 and 8.

Chemical Bonding at Surfaces and Interfaces

Author : Anders Nilsson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080551913
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Bonding at Surfaces and Interfaces by : Anders Nilsson

Download or read book Chemical Bonding at Surfaces and Interfaces written by Anders Nilsson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular surface science has made enormous progress in the past 30 years. The development can be characterized by a revolution in fundamental knowledge obtained from simple model systems and by an explosion in the number of experimental techniques. The last 10 years has seen an equally rapid development of quantum mechanical modeling of surface processes using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Chemical Bonding at Surfaces and Interfaces focuses on phenomena and concepts rather than on experimental or theoretical techniques. The aim is to provide the common basis for describing the interaction of atoms and molecules with surfaces and this to be used very broadly in science and technology. The book begins with an overview of structural information on surface adsorbates and discusses the structure of a number of important chemisorption systems. Chapter 2 describes in detail the chemical bond between atoms or molecules and a metal surface in the observed surface structures. A detailed description of experimental information on the dynamics of bond-formation and bond-breaking at surfaces make up Chapter 3. Followed by an in-depth analysis of aspects of heterogeneous catalysis based on the d-band model. In Chapter 5 adsorption and chemistry on the enormously important Si and Ge semiconductor surfaces are covered. In the remaining two Chapters the book moves on from solid-gas interfaces and looks at solid-liquid interface processes. In the final chapter an overview is given of the environmentally important chemical processes occurring on mineral and oxide surfaces in contact with water and electrolytes. Gives examples of how modern theoretical DFT techniques can be used to design heterogeneous catalysts This book suits the rapid introduction of methods and concepts from surface science into a broad range of scientific disciplines where the interaction between a solid and the surrounding gas or liquid phase is an essential component Shows how insight into chemical bonding at surfaces can be applied to a range of scientific problems in heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, environmental science and semiconductor processing Provides both the fundamental perspective and an overview of chemical bonding in terms of structure, electronic structure and dynamics of bond rearrangements at surfaces