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Interdecadal Decadal Climate Variability From Multi Coral Oxygen Isotope Records In The South Pacific Convergence Zone Region Since 1650 Ad
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Book Synopsis Interdecadal-decadal Climate Variability from Multi-coral Oxygen Isotope Records in the South Pacific Convergence Zone Region Since 1650 A.D. by : Peipei Zhang
Download or read book Interdecadal-decadal Climate Variability from Multi-coral Oxygen Isotope Records in the South Pacific Convergence Zone Region Since 1650 A.D. written by Peipei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific by : Peter W. Glynn
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific written by Peter W. Glynn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents and examines the state of health of coral reefs in the eastern tropical Pacific region. It touches on the occurrence of coral reefs in the waters of surrounding countries, and it explores their biogeography, biodiversity and condition relative to the El Niño southern oscillation and human impacts. Additionally contained within is a field that presents information on many of the species presented in the preceding chapters.
Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change by : John A Matthews
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change written by John A Matthews and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 1059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change is an extensive survey of the interdisciplinary science of environmental change, including recent debates on climate change and the full range of other natural and anthropogenic changes affecting the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system in the past, present and future. It examines the historic importance, present status and future prospects of the field over two volumes. With more than 40 chapters, the books situate the defining characteristics and key paradigms within a state-of-the-art review of the field, including its changing nature and diversity of approaches, evidence base, key theoretical arguments, resonances with other disciplines and relationships between theory, research and practice. Opening with a detailed, contextualizing essay by the editors, the work is arranged into six parts: Part One: Approaches to Understanding Environmental Change Part Two: Evidence of Environmental Change and the Geo-ecological Response Part Three: Causes, Mechanisms and Dynamics of Environmental Change Part Four: Key Issues of Human-induced Environmental Changes and Their Impacts Part Five: Patterns, Processes and Impacts of Environmental Change at the Regional Scale Part Six: Responses of People to Environmental Change and Implications for Society Global in its coverage, scientific and theoretical in its approach, the books bring together an international set of respected editors and contributors to provide an exciting, timely addition to the literature on climate change. With the subjects′ interdisciplinary framework, this book will appeal to academics, researchers, postgraduates and practitioners in a variety of disciplines including, geography, geology, ecology, environmental science, archaeology, anthropology, politics and sociology.
Book Synopsis El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate by : Michael J. McPhaden
Download or read book El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Book Synopsis Paleoclimatology by : Raymond S. Bradley
Download or read book Paleoclimatology written by Raymond S. Bradley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-28 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, Third Edition—winner of a 2015 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from The Text and Academic Authors Association—provides a thorough overview of the methods of paleoclimatic reconstruction and of the historical changes in climate during the past three million years. This thoroughly updated and revised edition systematically examines each type of proxy and elucidates the major attributes and the limitations of each. Paleoclimatology, Third Edition provides necessary context for those interested in understanding climate changes at present and how current trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past. The text is richly illustrated and includes an extensive bibliography for further research. Winner of a 2015 Texty Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association A comprehensive overview of the methods of paleoclimate reconstruction, and the record of past changes in climate during the last ~3 million years Addresses all the techniques used in paleoclimatic reconstruction from climate proxies With full-color throughout, and thoroughly revised chapters on dating methods, climate forcing, ice cores, marine sediments, pollen analysis, dendroclimatology, and historical records Includes new chapters on speleothems, loess, and lake sediments More than 1,000 new references and 190 new figures Essential reading for those interested in how present trends in climate compare with changes that have occurred in the past
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :1139917196 Total Pages :1554 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (399 download)
Book Synopsis Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Download or read book Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 1554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard scientific reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students and researchers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology and atmospheric chemistry. It provides invaluable material for decision makers and stakeholders at international, national and local level, in government, businesses, and NGOs. This volume provides: • An authoritative and unbiased overview of the physical science basis of climate change • A more extensive assessment of changes observed throughout the climate system than ever before • New dedicated chapters on sea-level change, biogeochemical cycles, clouds and aerosols, and regional climate phenomena • Extensive coverage of model projections, both near-term and long-term climate projections • A detailed assessment of climate change observations, modelling, and attribution for every continent • A new comprehensive atlas of global and regional climate projections for 35 regions of the world
Author :Intergouvernemental panel on climate change. Working group 1 Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :110705799X Total Pages :1553 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (7 download)
Book Synopsis Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis by : Intergouvernemental panel on climate change. Working group 1
Download or read book Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis written by Intergouvernemental panel on climate change. Working group 1 and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 1553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report also provides a comprehensive assessment of past and future sea level change in a dedicated chapter.
Book Synopsis West Pacific Warm Pool, South Pacific Convergence Zone and El Niño by : Christopher Robert Maupin
Download or read book West Pacific Warm Pool, South Pacific Convergence Zone and El Niño written by Christopher Robert Maupin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations and reconstructions of climate variability are necessary to place predictions of future global climate change into temporal context (Goddard et al., 2012). I focus here on the western tropical Pacific (Solomon Islands; ~9.5°S, ~160°E), a region directly influenced by: the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the West Pacific Warm Pool, the Pacific Walker Circulation, and the Hadley Circulation. The West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) is an integral source of heat and moisture to the atmosphere. It is part of both Walker and Hadley circulations, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is the largest source of interannual climate variability on Earth. Modern observations of changes in the mean state of the WPWP, Walker circulation, and ENSO are limited in temporal scale and overprinted with the signal of anthropogenic climate change; hence, proxy-based observations in the pre-instrumental period are needed to place any future changes in these systems, and attribution of these changes, into context. I present evidence for large (~1.5 m), abrupt, and periodic changes in total annual rainfall amount on decadal to multidecadal timescales since 1423±5 CE (Year Common Era) in the Solomon Islands utilizing a fast growing (>2 mm yr−1) stalagmite sample and an empirical relationship developed between stalagmite [delta]18O and local rainfall amount. The ~600-yr Solomon Islands stalagmite [delta]18O record indicates that decadal oscillations in rainfall are a persistent characteristic of SPCZ-related climate variability, and available evidence points to these changes arising from internal forcing. Such changes have important implications to water resource management in this region, in addition to contextualizing models and future predictions of rainfall amount changes and latent heat release into the atmosphere via anthropogenic climate change. I also present a reconstruction pre-instrumental variability utilizing a monthly [delta]18O time series generated series from the long lived, slow-growing coral species Diploastrea heliopora spanning 1716-2008 CE. The record demonstrates strong coherence with modern instrumental variability, and in addition, demonstrates variance in centennial-multicentury, decadal-multidecadal and interannual bands. Quantitative comparison of the interannual component of the record to instrumental ENSO indices, and application of the resulting metrics to previously undocumented, potentially extreme ENSO events occurring during the early eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. These extreme events are absent from existing multiproxy reconstructions due to temporal limitations of extant proxies that have the greatest ENSO sensitivity. The intensity of these events may rival or exceed the largest in the instrumental record. The record also contains significant but transient decadal to multidecadal variability. The coral record exhibits a trend toward isotopic depletion, implying significant changes in SST and/or SSS over the entirety of the record. I also document the unique behavior of the SPCZ and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the past six centuries, present evidence of influence by decadal-scale advection processes on Solomon Islands SSS, and explore basin-scale changes in the tropical Pacific conditions potentially related to global average temperature change over the past three centuries.
Book Synopsis Interannual and Decadal Climate Variability in Coral and Instrumental Records, with a Focus on the Western Indian Ocean by : David Ericsson Hunter
Download or read book Interannual and Decadal Climate Variability in Coral and Instrumental Records, with a Focus on the Western Indian Ocean written by David Ericsson Hunter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales by : National Research Council
Download or read book Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-08-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Book Synopsis Pacific Climate Variability by : Sara C. Sanchez
Download or read book Pacific Climate Variability written by Sara C. Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation aims to understand the mechanisms and consequences of the low frequency "unforced" component of variability in the climate system using interannual and decadal variability as a platform to investigate phenomena thought to be sensitive to greenhouse gas emissions. To combat the lack of temporally extended instrumental observations, this dissertation relies on coral geochemistry and Earth System Models to identify the historical range of Pacific climate variability. Chapter 2 describes the analysis of a roughly 200 year-long coral record from Clarion Island, in the Revillagigedos Archipelago, Mexico. This record expresses substantial decadal variability in the oxygen isotopes, strongly coherent with other paleoproxies in the central equatorial Pacific and in Southern California, indicative of a coordinated system of ocean-atmospheric interaction. To best resolve the key processes involved, "forward models" are employed to interpret the decadal variability in the coral record. The third chapter complements the first by addressing a mechanism responsible for the modulation of decadal variability in the North Pacific; the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM). The Community Earth System Model-Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME) is used to estimate the historical range of PMM variability, highlighting the considerable power of natural variability within the system. I investigate the physical processes associated with adjustments in PMM variance, emphasizing that relatively small anomalies in the background state have a significant influence on PMM variability. Chapter 4 examines the roles of physical and biologically mediated processes on coral calcification from within an equatorial Pacific coral reef. Motivated by the biogeochemical implications of the previous sections, this work examines the manifestation of pH tracers in coral skeletal tissue across a network of diverse, monitored reef sites at Palmyra Atoll. Corals were analyzed for [delta]11B, trace metal, [delta]18O, and [delta]13C composition. Despite a narrow range in the pH of seawater, high variance in [delta]11B were observed between sites, and within single sites, suggesting that individual coral colonies have differential capacities to regulate pH variability and other environmental stressors.
Book Synopsis Coral Records of the El Niño-southern Oscillation and Tropical Pacific Climate Over the Last Millennium by : Kim M. Cobb
Download or read book Coral Records of the El Niño-southern Oscillation and Tropical Pacific Climate Over the Last Millennium written by Kim M. Cobb and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis El Niño-Southern Oscillation Variability During the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly Reconstructed from Fossil Coral Geochemistry and Pseudoproxy Analysis by : Kelly Ann Hereid
Download or read book El Niño-Southern Oscillation Variability During the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly Reconstructed from Fossil Coral Geochemistry and Pseudoproxy Analysis written by Kelly Ann Hereid and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates global interannual climate variability. However, the imprint of anthropogenic climate change hinders understanding of natural ENSO variability. Model predictions of the response of future ENSO variability to anthropogenic forcing are highly uncertain. A better understanding of how ENSO operates during different mean climate states may improve predictions of its future behavior. This study develops a technique to quantify the response of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature and salinity to ENSO variations. This analysis defines expected regional relationships between ENSO forcing and the tropical Pacific climate response. For example, the western tropical Pacific records El Niño events with greater skill than La Niña events; whereas the oceans near the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) preferentially record La Niña events. This baseline understanding of regional skill calibrates interpretations of both modern and pre-instrumental coral geochemical climate proxy records. A suite of monthly resolved [delta]18O variations in a fossil corals (Porites spp.) from the tropical western Pacific (Papua New Guinea) and the SPCZ (Vanuatu) are used to develop case studies of ENSO variability under external forcing conditions that differ from the modern climate. A record from Misima, Papua New Guinea (1411-1644 CE) spans a period of reduced solar forcing that coincides with the initiation of the Little Ice Age. This record indicates that the surface ocean in this region experienced a small change in hydrologic balance with no change in temperature, extended periods of quiescence in El Niño activity, reduced mean El Niño event amplitudes, and fewer large amplitude El Niño events relative to signals captured in regional modern records. Several multidecadal (~30-50 year) coral records from Tasmaloum, Vanuatu during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (~900-1300 CE), a period of increased solar forcing, depict ENSO variability that is generally lower than modern times. However, these records often cannot be distinguished from 20th century ENSO variability due to ENSO variability uncertainty associated with record lengths. Neither record can be tied to concurrent changes in solar or volcanic forcing, calling into question the paradigm of ENSO variability being predominantly mediated by external forcing changes on multidecadal time scales.
Book Synopsis Isotopic and Elemental Tracers of Cenozoic Climate Change by : Germán Mora
Download or read book Isotopic and Elemental Tracers of Cenozoic Climate Change written by Germán Mora and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beyond El Niño written by Antonio Navarra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interest and level of research into climate variability has risen dramatically in recent years, and major breakthroughs have been achieved in the understanding and modelling of seasonal to interannual climate variability and prediction. At the same time, the documentation of longer term variability and its underlying mecha nisms have progressed considerably. Within the European Commission's Environment and Climate research programs several important projects have been supported in these areas - including the "Dec adal and Interdecadal Climate variability Experiment" (DICE) which forms the basis of this book. Within the EC supported climate research, we see an increasing importance of research into climate variability, as is evidenced in the upcoming Fifth Framework Programme's Key Action on Global Change, Climate and Biodi versity. This is because of the obvious potential socio-economic benefits from sea sonal to decadal scale climate prediction and equally important for the fundamental understanding of the climate system to help improve the quality and reliability of future climate change and mankind's current interference with it. The DICE group has performed important and pioneering work, and we hope this book will receive the wide distribution and recognition it deserves. We wel come the contributions from distinguished researchers from US, Japan and Canada to the EC's DICE group towards completing the scope of the book and as an exam ple of international cooperation which is essential in such a high-level scientific endeavor.
Book Synopsis An Investigation Into the Causes of D180 Variations in the Dasuopu Ice Core, Central Himalayas, Using Coral Composites and Instrumental Data by : Karl Steven Philippoff
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Causes of D180 Variations in the Dasuopu Ice Core, Central Himalayas, Using Coral Composites and Instrumental Data written by Karl Steven Philippoff and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The interpretation of variations in oxygen isotopes ( d18O) within tropical ice core records have been a subject of much debate. In this study the ice core record from Dasuopu (28 23 N, 85 43 E) in the central Himalayas was compared with two coral composite records derived from Indian (Chagos Islands, Mafia, Mahe, Malindi, and Mayotte) and Pacific (Kiritimati, Maiana, Nauru, Palmyra, and Tarawa) Ocean corals, precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) v6 and Indian monsoon subdivisions, the Nino 3.4 index, sea surface temperature (ERSST v3b), and air temperature data (NCEP 20th century reanalysis) to examine its relationship over interannual, 2-8 year, and multi-decadal timescales. Coral records represented reliable, consistent, and highly resolved proxy records of SST variability over the length of their respective records and provided a comparison for the results derived from the SST reconstructions. The results from these analyses indicate that the Dasuopu record can be best understood in a hierarchical manner. Over interannual and 2-8 year timescales, the variability of the Dasuopu oxygen isotopic record is dominated by local and regional rainfall variability which are both strongly associated with the variations in the strength of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, over decadal and especially multi-decadal timescales, the variation in its isotopic record is strongly driven by long-term trends in air and sea surface temperature in regions upwind of the ice core location. These relationships were highly significant and were observed in both the coral composite and instrumental datasets, making these results more robust. A multi-regression model constructed using the summer monsoon rainfall from the East Uttar Pradesh monsoon subdivision, the summer mean Nino 3.4 index and air temperature anomalies in a region bound by 20-28 N, 80-88 E described 27% of the variance in the Dasuopu d18O record between 1886 and 1996, with temperature the most important parameter. This strongly suggests that these three parameters control a large degree of the variability observed in the Dasuopu d18O record over this time frame.
Book Synopsis El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Tropical Pacific Climate Across the 4.2 Ka BP Climate Excursion by : Karen V. Gutierrez
Download or read book El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Tropical Pacific Climate Across the 4.2 Ka BP Climate Excursion written by Karen V. Gutierrez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin and influence of the "4.2 kyr event"--a climate excursion characterized by century-long drought hypothesized to have affected civilizations throughout the northern subtropics--is uncertain, despite its registration in multiple paleoclimatic archives. As the dominant source of global interannual climate variability, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) might be expected to have shaped the expression of global precipitation and temperature across the 4.2 kyr event. However, the role of ENSO has not been explored, owing to a general lack of temporally extended observations in the tropical Pacific. Here I analyze a number of tropical Pacific Porites coral fossils spanning this interval, between ~4600 and 4100 years B.P., building on the previously published record of ENSO activity as well as the prevailing mean state of the tropical Pacific climate. Monthly resolved oxygen isotopic records of three corals from Fanning Island and one from Christmas Island overlap with and extend existing records to produce a nearly-continuous sequence that spans several hundred years. Oxygen isotopic values of the overlapping segments of the fossil corals strengthen the reliability of the paleoclimate record and the radiometric dating. The new coral data generated in this study confirm the previous inference of low ENSO activity over an extended time interval encompassing the 4.2 kyr event. Additionally, the new coral data show that the interannual variability, though reduced in amplitude relative to the modern climate, was expressed as repeated episodes of prolonged and intense La Niña conditions. This characterization stands in contrast with a single multi-decadal excursion, as initially hypothesized for the 4.2 kyr event. Finally, the mean values of overlapping coral segments from Fanning and Christmas Islands are similar, suggesting that the modern temperature and salinity gradient was not present during the interval of the 4.2 kyr event. The simplest explanation for this lack of temperature/salinity gradient is that the southern boundary of the North Equatorial Counter Current was shifted north of Fanning Island.
