Intelligence And National Security Policymaking On Iraq

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Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq

Author : James Pfiffner
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526130963
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq by : James Pfiffner

Download or read book Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq written by James Pfiffner and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decision to go to war in Iraq has had historic repercussions throughout the world. The editors of this volume bring together scholarly analysis of the decision-making in the U.S and U.K. that led to the war, inside accounts of CIA decision-making, and key speeches and documents related to going to war. The book presents a fascinating case study of decision-making at the highest levels in the United States and Britain as their leaders planned to go to war in Iraq. Just as the Cuban Missile Crisis has been used for decades as a case study in good decision-making, the decision to go to war in Iraq will be analysed for years to come for lessons about what can go wrong in decisions about war. The book presents a fascinating and truly comparative perspective on how President Bush and Prime Minister Blair took their countries to war in Iraq. Each had to convince his legislature and public that war was necessary, and both used intelligence in questionable ways to do so. This book brings together some of the best scholarship and most relevant documents on these important decisions that will reverberate for decades to come.

Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy

Author : Paul R. Pillar
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231527802
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy by : Paul R. Pillar

Download or read book Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy written by Paul R. Pillar and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A career of nearly three decades with the CIA and the National Intelligence Council showed Paul R. Pillar that intelligence reforms, especially measures enacted since 9/11, can be deeply misguided. They often miss the sources that underwrite failed policy and misperceive our ability to read outside influences. They also misconceive the intelligence-policy relationship and promote changes that weaken intelligence-gathering operations. In this book, Pillar confronts the intelligence myths Americans have come to rely on to explain national tragedies, including the belief that intelligence drives major national security decisions and can be fixed to avoid future failures. Pillar believes these assumptions waste critical resources and create harmful policies, diverting attention away from smarter reform, and they keep Americans from recognizing the limits of obtainable knowledge. Pillar revisits U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War and highlights the small role intelligence played in those decisions, and he demonstrates the negligible effect that America's most notorious intelligence failures had on U.S. policy and interests. He then reviews in detail the events of 9/11 and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, condemning the 9/11 commission and the George W. Bush administration for their portrayals of the role of intelligence. Pillar offers an original approach to better informing U.S. policy, which involves insulating intelligence management from politicization and reducing the politically appointed layer in the executive branch to combat slanted perceptions of foreign threats. Pillar concludes with principles for adapting foreign policy to inevitable uncertainties.

U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11

Author : M. Kent Bolton
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742559004
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (59 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11 by : M. Kent Bolton

Download or read book U.S. National Security and Foreign Policymaking After 9/11 written by M. Kent Bolton and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the external, societal, and governmental sources of change to US national-security policymaking that were begun by 9/11, memorialized by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (2004). This book chronicles the manifold changes and what caused them.

Balance Sheet

Author : John S. Duffield
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804772044
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Balance Sheet by : John S. Duffield

Download or read book Balance Sheet written by John S. Duffield and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-06 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last six years have witnessed a virtually unending debate over U.S. policy toward Iraq, a debate that is likely to continue well into the new administration and perhaps the next, notwithstanding recent improvements on the ground. Too often, however, the debate has been narrowly framed in terms of the situation in Iraq and what steps the United States should take there next, leaving the broader impact of the war on American interests largely overlooked. Ultimately, though, the success and failure of the war will have to be judged in terms of its overall contribution to U.S. national security, including those repercussions that extend far beyond the borders of Iraq. This book addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive evaluation of the consequences of the Iraq war for the national security of the United States. It is aimed at both those who have not yet made up their minds about the merits of the war and those who wish to ground their opinions in a clearer understanding of what effects the war has actually had. Balance Sheet examines both how the war has advanced or retarded the achievement of other important goals of U.S. national security policy and its impact on the ability of the United States to pursue its security interests now and in the future. Individual chapters by expert authors address such key issues as the war on terror, nuclear non-proliferation, stability in the Middle East, the health of the U.S. military, America's standing in the world, and U.S. public opinion. By doing justice to the full range of stakes involved, this book not only reframes the debate over the Iraq war but provides a necessary foundation for future U.S. policymaking toward Iraq and beyond.

Buying National Security

Author : Gordon Adams
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135172927
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Buying National Security by : Gordon Adams

Download or read book Buying National Security written by Gordon Adams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the planning and budgeting processes of the United States. This title describes the planning and resource integration activities of the White House, reviews the adequacy of the structures and process and makes proposals for ways both might be reformed to fit the demands of the 21st century security environment.

The National Security Enterprise

Author : Roger Z. George
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 1589017501
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The National Security Enterprise by : Roger Z. George

Download or read book The National Security Enterprise written by Roger Z. George and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent breakdowns in American national security have exposed the weaknesses of the nation’s vast overlapping security and foreign policy bureaucracy and the often dysfunctional interagency process. In the literature of national security studies, however, surprisingly little attention is given to the specific dynamics or underlying organizational cultures that often drive the bureaucratic politics of U.S. security policy. The National Security Enterprise offers a broad overview and analysis of the many government agencies involved in national security issues, the interagency process, Congressional checks and balances, and the influence of private sector organizations. The chapters cover the National Security Council, the Departments of Defense and State, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Office of Management and Budget. The book also focuses on the roles of Congress, the Supreme Court, and outside players in the national security process like the media, think tanks, and lobbyists. Each chapter details the organizational culture and personality of these institutions so that readers can better understand the mindsets that drive these organizations and their roles in the policy process. Many of the contributors to this volume are long-time practitioners who have spent most of their careers working for these organizations. As such, they offer unique insights into how diplomats, military officers, civilian analysts, spies, and law enforcement officials are distinct breeds of policymakers and political actors. To illustrate how different agencies can behave in the face of a common challenge, contributors reflect in detail on their respective agency’s behavior during the Iraq War. This impressive volume is suitable for academic studies at both the undergraduate and graduate level; ideal for U.S. government, military, and national security training programs; and useful for practitioners and specialists in national security studies.

Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on the U.S. Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq Together with Additional Views

Download Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on the U.S. Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq Together with Additional Views PDF Online Free

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence
Publisher : Select Committee on Intelligence
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on the U.S. Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq Together with Additional Views by : United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence

Download or read book Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on the U.S. Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq Together with Additional Views written by United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence and published by Select Committee on Intelligence. This book was released on 2004 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence presents its report on prewar intelligence regarding Iraq, which contains numerous documents from various U.S. intelligence agencies regarding possible weapons of mass destruction, and other issues relating to Iraq.

Policy Analysis in National Security Affairs

Author : Richard L. Kugler
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9781579060701
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Policy Analysis in National Security Affairs by : Richard L. Kugler

Download or read book Policy Analysis in National Security Affairs written by Richard L. Kugler and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2006 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses how to conduct policy analysis in the field of national security, including foreign policy and defense strategy. It is a philosophical and conceptual book for helphing people think deeply, clearly, and insightfully about complex policy issues. This books reflects the viewpoint that the best policies normally come from efforts to synthesize competing camps by drawing upon the best of each of them and by combining them to forge a sensible whole. While this book is written to be reader-friendly, it aspires to in-depth scholarship.

Iraq and the Evolution of American Strategy

Author : Steven Metz
Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1612343899
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Iraq and the Evolution of American Strategy by : Steven Metz

Download or read book Iraq and the Evolution of American Strategy written by Steven Metz and published by Potomac Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2008 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today the U.S. military is more nimble, mobile, and focused on rapid responses against smaller powers than ever before. One could argue that the Gulf War and the postwar standoff with Saddam Hussein hastened needed military transformation and strategic reassessments in the post-Cold War era. But the preoccupation with Iraq also mired the United States in the Middle East and led to a bloody occupation. What will American strategy look like after U.S. troops leave Iraq? Iraq and the Evolution of American Strategy examines the ways in which the Gulf War, the WMD standoff, the Iraq War, and the ongoing occupation have driven broader changes in U.S. national security policy and military strategy. Steven Metz answers three overarching questions: 1. How did the conflict with Iraq drive and shape broader changes in national security and military strategy? 2. Did policymakers and military leaders interpret the conflict correctly and make the most effective responses? 3. What does this process tell us about the process of change in America's national security and military strategy and in the evolution of its strategic culture? Metz concludes that the United States has a long-standing, continuing problem "developing sound assumptions when the opponent operates within a different psychological and cultural framework." He sees a pattern of misjudgments about Saddam and Iraq based on Western cultural and historical bias and a pervasive faith in the superiority of America's worldview and institutions. This myopia contributed to America being caught off guard by Saddam's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, then underestimating his longevity, and finally miscalculating the likelihood of a stable and democratic Iraq after he was toppled. With lessons for all readers concerned about America's role in the world, Dr. Metz's important new work will especially appeal to scholars and students of strategy and international security studies, as well as to military professionals and DOD civilians. With a foreword by Colin S. Gray.

Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book by :

Download or read book Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Terrorism and National Security Reform

Author : Jordan Tama
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139498983
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Terrorism and National Security Reform by : Jordan Tama

Download or read book Terrorism and National Security Reform written by Jordan Tama and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-14 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrorism and National Security Reform demonstrates that blue-ribbon commissions can be powerful vehicles for policy change, overturning the conventional wisdom that views them only as devices for passing the buck. Jordan Tama explains how the unique political credibility of commissions can enable them to forge bipartisan consensus on tough policy challenges. He also shows that commissions are most valuable during a crisis, when policymakers face pressure to make changes but frequently cannot agree on what to do. Using an original database, case studies, and more than 200 interviews of policymakers and commission participants, Tama reveals how commissions have shaped Barack Obama's plan for ending the Iraq War, spurred the largest government and intelligence overhauls since 1947, and driven many other elements of U.S. counterterrorism policy. In an era of unrelenting partisanship and extreme polarization, this book shows that commissions are increasingly valuable policymaking tools.

After Iraq

Author : Colin S. Gray
Publisher : Army War College Strategic Studies Institute
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis After Iraq by : Colin S. Gray

Download or read book After Iraq written by Colin S. Gray and published by Army War College Strategic Studies Institute. This book was released on 2009 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sustainable national security strategy is feasible only when directed by a sustainable national security policy. In the absence of policy guidance, strategy has to be meaningless. The only policy that meets both the mandates of American culture and the challenges of the outside world is one that seeks to promote the necessary mission of guarding and advancing world order. Dr. Colin Gray considers and rejects a policy that would encourage the emergence of a multipolar structure for global politics. He argues that multipolarity not only would fail to maintain order, it would also promote conflict among the inevitably rival great powers. In addition, he suggests that Americans culturally are not comfortable with balance of power politics and certainly would not choose to promote the return of such a system. The monograph identifies the various "pieces of the puzzle" most relevant to national security strategy; surfaces the leading assumptions held by American policymakers and strategists; considers alternative national security policies; and specifies the national security strategy. Dr. Gray concludes that America has much less choice over its policy and strategy than the public debate suggests. He warns that the country's dominant leadership role in global security certainly will be challenged before the century is old.--p. iii.

US Foreign Policy

Author : Michael Cox
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199585814
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis US Foreign Policy by : Michael Cox

Download or read book US Foreign Policy written by Michael Cox and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to US foreign policy. Bringing together a number of the world's leading experts, the text deals with the rise of America, US foreign policy during and after the Cold War, and the complex issues facing the US since September 11th.

Why Intelligence Fails

Author : Robert Jervis
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801457610
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Intelligence Fails by : Robert Jervis

Download or read book Why Intelligence Fails written by Robert Jervis and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. government spends enormous resources each year on the gathering and analysis of intelligence, yet the history of American foreign policy is littered with missteps and misunderstandings that have resulted from intelligence failures. In Why Intelligence Fails, Robert Jervis examines the politics and psychology of two of the more spectacular intelligence failures in recent memory: the mistaken belief that the regime of the Shah in Iran was secure and stable in 1978, and the claim that Iraq had active WMD programs in 2002. The Iran case is based on a recently declassified report Jervis was commissioned to undertake by CIA thirty years ago and includes memoranda written by CIA officials in response to Jervis's findings. The Iraq case, also grounded in a review of the intelligence community's performance, is based on close readings of both classified and declassified documents, though Jervis's conclusions are entirely supported by evidence that has been declassified. In both cases, Jervis finds not only that intelligence was badly flawed but also that later explanations—analysts were bowing to political pressure and telling the White House what it wanted to hear or were willfully blind—were also incorrect. Proponents of these explanations claimed that initial errors were compounded by groupthink, lack of coordination within the government, and failure to share information. Policy prescriptions, including the recent establishment of a Director of National Intelligence, were supposed to remedy the situation. In Jervis's estimation, neither the explanations nor the prescriptions are adequate. The inferences that intelligence drew were actually quite plausible given the information available. Errors arose, he concludes, from insufficient attention to the ways in which information should be gathered and interpreted, a lack of self-awareness about the factors that led to the judgments, and an organizational culture that failed to probe for weaknesses and explore alternatives. Evaluating the inherent tensions between the methods and aims of intelligence personnel and policymakers from a unique insider's perspective, Jervis forcefully criticizes recent proposals for improving the performance of the intelligence community and discusses ways in which future analysis can be improved.

Global Trends 2040

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions

Author : Michael Grow
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700618880
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions by : Michael Grow

Download or read book U.S. Presidents and Latin American Interventions written by Michael Grow and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2008-06-10 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lyndon Johnson invaded the Dominican Republic. Richard Nixon sponsored a coup attempt in Chile. Ronald Reagan waged covert warfare in Nicaragua. Nearly a dozen times during the Cold War, American presidents turned their attention from standoffs with the Soviet Union to intervene in Latin American affairs. In each instance, it was declared that the security of the United States was at stake-but, as Michael Grow demonstrates, these actions had more to do with flexing presidential muscle than responding to imminent danger. From Eisenhower's toppling of Arbenz in Guatemala in 1954 to Bush's overthrow of Noriega in Panama in 1989, Grow casts a close eye on eight major cases of U.S. intervention in the Western Hemisphere, offering fresh interpretations of why they occurred and what they signified. The case studies also include the Bay of Pigs fiasco, Reagan's invasion of Grenada in 1983, and JFK's little-known 1963 intervention against the government of Cheddi Jagan in British Guiana. Grow argues that it was not threats to U.S. national security or endangered economic interests that were decisive in prompting presidents to launch these interventions. Rather, each intervention was part of a symbolic geopolitical chess match in which the White House sought to project an image of overpowering strength to audiences at home and abroad-in order to preserve both national and presidential credibility. As Grow also reveals, that impulse was routinely reinforced by local Latin American elites-such as Chilean businessmen or opposition Panamanian politicians-who actively promoted intervention in their own self-interest. LBJ's loud lament—“What can we do in Vietnam if we can't clean up the Dominican Republic?”—reflected just how preoccupied our presidents were with proving that the U.S. was no paper tiger and that they themselves were fearless and forceful leaders. Meticulously argued and provocative, Grow's bold reinterpretation of Cold War history shows that this special preoccupation with credibility was at the very core of our presidents' approach to foreign relations, especially those involving our Latin American neighbors.

Fixing the Facts

Author : Joshua Rovner
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801463149
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Fixing the Facts by : Joshua Rovner

Download or read book Fixing the Facts written by Joshua Rovner and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the role of intelligence agencies in strategy and policy? How do policymakers use (or misuse) intelligence estimates? When do intelligence-policy relations work best? How do intelligence-policy failures influence threat assessment, military strategy, and foreign policy? These questions are at the heart of recent national security controversies, including the 9/11 attacks and the war in Iraq. In both cases the relationship between intelligence and policy broke down—with disastrous consequences. In Fixing the Facts, Joshua Rovner explores the complex interaction between intelligence and policy and shines a spotlight on the problem of politicization. Major episodes in the history of American foreign policy have been closely tied to the manipulation of intelligence estimates. Rovner describes how the Johnson administration dealt with the intelligence community during the Vietnam War; how President Nixon and President Ford politicized estimates on the Soviet Union; and how pressure from the George W. Bush administration contributed to flawed intelligence on Iraq. He also compares the U.S. case with the British experience between 1998 and 2003, and demonstrates that high-profile government inquiries in both countries were fundamentally wrong about what happened before the war.