Integration Of Markets Vs Integration By Agreements

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Integration of Markets Vs. Integration by Agreements

Author : Nathalie Aminian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Markets Vs. Integration by Agreements by : Nathalie Aminian

Download or read book Integration of Markets Vs. Integration by Agreements written by Nathalie Aminian and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an analysis of the two channels of regional integration: integration via markets and integration via agreements. Given that East Asia and Latin America are two fertile regions where both forms of integrations have taken place, the authors examine the experiences of these two areas. There are four related results. First, East Asia had been integrating via markets long before formal agreements were in vogue in the region. Latin America, by contrast, has primarily used formal regional trade treaties as the main channel of integration. Second, despite the relative lack of formal regional trade treaties until recently, East Asia is more integrated among itself than Latin America. Third, from a purely economic and trade standpoint, the proper sequence of integrations seems to be first integrating via markets and subsequently via formal regional trade agreements. Fourth, regional trade agreements often serve multiple constituents. The reason why integrating via markets first can be helpful is because this can give stronger political bargaining power to the outward-looking economic-oriented forces within the country.

Integration of Markets Vs. Integration by Agreements

Author : Nathalie Aminian
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Markets Vs. Integration by Agreements by : Nathalie Aminian

Download or read book Integration of Markets Vs. Integration by Agreements written by Nathalie Aminian and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the two channels of regional integration: integration via markets and integration via agreements. Given that East Asia and Latin America are two fertile regions where both forms of integrations have taken place, the authors examine the experiences of these two areas. There are four related results. First, East Asia had been integrating via markets long before formal agreements were in vogue in the region. Latin America, by contrast, has primarily used formal regional trade treaties as the main channel of integration. Second, despite the relative lack of formal regional trade treaties until recently, East Asia is more integrated among itself than Latin America. Third, from a purely economic and trade standpoint, the proper sequence of integrations seems to be first integrating via markets and subsequently via formal regional trade agreements. Fourth, regional trade agreements often serve multiple constituents. The reason why integrating via markets first can be helpful is because this can give stronger political bargaining power to the outward-looking economic-oriented forces within the country.

Integration of Markets vs. Integration by Agreements

Author : Nathalie Aminian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Markets vs. Integration by Agreements by : Nathalie Aminian

Download or read book Integration of Markets vs. Integration by Agreements written by Nathalie Aminian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an analysis of the two channels of regional integration: integration via markets and integration via agreements. Given that East Asia and Latin America are two fertile regions where both forms of integrations have taken place, the authors examine the experiences of these two areas. There are four related results. First, East Asia had been integrating via markets long before formal agreements were in vogue in the region. Latin America, by contrast, has primarily used formal regional trade treaties as the main channel of integration. Second, despite the relative lack of formal regional trade treaties until recently, East Asia is more integrated among itself than Latin America. Third, from a purely economic and trade standpoint, the proper sequence of integrations seems to be first integrating via markets and subsequently via formal regional trade agreements. Fourth, regional trade agreements often serve multiple constituents. The reason why integrating via markets first can be helpful is because this can give stronger political bargaining power to the outward-looking economic-oriented forces within the country.

Integration of Markets Vs. Integration by Agreements

Author : Nathalie Aminian
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Integration of Markets Vs. Integration by Agreements by : Nathalie Aminian

Regional Trade and Economic Integration

Author : Ram Upendra Das
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814374601
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Trade and Economic Integration by : Ram Upendra Das

Download or read book Regional Trade and Economic Integration written by Ram Upendra Das and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Asia-Pacific region has emerged as a dominant player in trade and will continue to be an influential component of world trade and economics. This book presents an informative outlook on the various regional and trade agreements (RTAs) and their beneficial effects on bilateral trade. In particular, the authors concentrate on India and China, the two major rising powers, and the impact of exchange of information and sharing of resources between these two countries in wide-ranging areas. It provides an incisive analysis and a roundup of all major RTAs and also presents an overview of all major agreements between the countries involved, which might propel their trade numbers and influence future economic engagements. The book also discusses possible obstacles that are encountered during the implementation of RTAs and circumvention routes that can be taken to ensure the successful execution of the agreements. International trade agreements, such as General Agreements on Trade and Tariffs, which have revolutionized the trade dynamics by opening up new areas of trade and formulating specific guidelines for the member countries to adhere to during trade negotiations, are discussed. The book also provides new insights into some of the issues under negotiation, such as sensitive lists, trade, investment cooperation, and trade in services. The existing economic cooperation arrangements in the region as well as those that are at various stages of study and negotiations, empirical insights and policy suggestions are elucidated in detail.

Deep Integration, Nondiscrimination, and Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade

Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Deep Integration, Nondiscrimination, and Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade by : Bernard M. Hoekman

Download or read book Deep Integration, Nondiscrimination, and Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: May 1999 - Preferential trade agreements that are limited to the elimination of tariffs for merchandise trade flows are of limited value at best and may be as easily welfare-reducing as welfare-enhancing. It is important that preferential trade agreements go beyond eliminating tariffs and quotas to eliminating regulatory and red tape costs and opening up service markets to foreign competition. Deep integration-explicit government actions to reduce the market-segmenting effect of domestic regulatory policies through coordination and cooperation-is becoming a major dimension of some regional integration agreements, led by the European Union. Health and safety regulations, competition laws, licensing and certification regimes, and administrative procedures such as customs clearance can affect trade (in ways analogous to nontariff barriers) even though their underlying intent may not be to discriminate against foreign suppliers of goods and services. Whether preferential trade agreements (PTAs) can be justified in a multilateral trading system depends on the extent to which formal intergovernmental agreements are technically necessary to achieve the deep integration needed to make markets more contestable. The more need for formal cooperation, the stronger the case for regional integration. Whether PTAs are justified regionally also depends on whether efforts to reduce market segmentation are applied on a nondiscriminatory basis. If innovations to reduce transaction or market access costs extend to both members and nonmembers of a PTA, regionalism as an instrument of trade and investment becomes more attractive. Using a standard competitive general equilibrium model of the Egyptian economy, Hoekman and Konan find that the static welfare impact of a deep free trade agreement is far greater than the impact that can be expected from a classic shallow agreement. Under some scenarios, welfare may increase by more than 10 percent of GDP, compared with close to zero under a shallow agreement. Given Egypt's highly diversified trading patterns, a shallow PTA with the European Union could be merely diversionary, leading to a small decline in welfare. Egypt already has duty-free access to the European Union for manufactures, so the loss in tariff revenues incurred would outweigh any new trade created. Large gains in welfare from the PTA are conditional on eliminating regulatory barriers and red tape-in which case welfare gains may be substantial: 4 to 20 percent growth in real GNP. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze regional integration agreements. The authors may be contacted at bhoekman@@worldbank.org or konan@@hawaii.edu.

Rethinking Free Trade, Economic Integration and Human Rights in the Americas

Author : María Belén Olmos Giupponi
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509904522
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking Free Trade, Economic Integration and Human Rights in the Americas by : María Belén Olmos Giupponi

Download or read book Rethinking Free Trade, Economic Integration and Human Rights in the Americas written by María Belén Olmos Giupponi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph offers the first systematic overview of the protection of human rights in trade agreements in the Americas. Traditionally, trade agreements in the Americas were concerned with economic questions and paid little attention to human rights. However, in the wake of the 'new regionalism', which emerged at the end of the last century, more clauses addressing social issues such as labour rights and environmental standards were inserted in trade agreements. As economic integration increased, a framework for the protection of human rights evolved. This book argues that this framework allows for human rights protection on a transnational level, while constructing regional identities. Looking at the four key regional integration processes, namely the Caribbean Community, the Central American Integration System, the Andean Community of Nations and the Southern Common Market, and also at the North American Free Trade Agreement, it shows how the integration process has reached a considerable degree of consolidation. Writing on key sources in English for the first time, this book will be essential reading for all free trade and human rights scholars.

Regional Integration, Trade and Industry in Africa

Author : Helmut Asche
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030753662
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Integration, Trade and Industry in Africa by : Helmut Asche

Download or read book Regional Integration, Trade and Industry in Africa written by Helmut Asche and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the past, present and prospects of regional economic integration in Africa. The empirical analysis ranges from unions formed during the years following independence, to the proposed African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which aims to remove trade barriers between all 55 African states. In addition, the book explores to what extent Africa’s Regional Economic Communities (RECs) have advanced in accordance with a linear integration model of goods, labor and capital markets. The book subsequently evaluates the suitability of the European model of deep integration with costly institutions for the conditions specific to Africa, considering, for example, the role of informal and non-recorded trade. Stylized cases of regional division of labour with increasing returns and imperfect competition are introduced to support the economic integration logic. Past and current economic policies in Africa are scrutinized to answer the question: how can African regions best foster new manufacturing industries and value chains across the continent? In conclusion, the book outlines content and processes of Common Industrial Policy in the African regions. The book also addresses the controversial issue of international trade agreements between developing countries and the European Union or the USA and investigates whether these agreements impede or promote economic development in Africa. The book includes a detailed roadmap describing how to improve key clauses of agreements for economic partnership in the interest of African countries. In closing, it outlines a new vision of joint sustainable development for Africa and Europe.

International Handbook on the Economics of Integration

Author : Miroslav N. Jovanović
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849806004
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis International Handbook on the Economics of Integration by : Miroslav N. Jovanović

Download or read book International Handbook on the Economics of Integration written by Miroslav N. Jovanović and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'International Handbook on the Economics of Integration edited by Miroslav Jovanovi? provides timely and rich academic contributions to considerations of the widest array of integration-related issues. European integration has been providing an inspiration to a number of academics and researchers. the Handbook is a recognition of the dynamic and strong solidarity of European integration. At the same time, the European Union often provided an example for integration schemes throughout the world which spread enormously since the mid-1990s. Leading experts from all continents contributed to this Handbook which will be a valuable input into academic and policy-making discussions and actions.' - José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission

Regional Integration Arrangements

Author : Dean A. DeRosa
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Integration Arrangements by : Dean A. DeRosa

Download or read book Regional Integration Arrangements written by Dean A. DeRosa and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Regional Economic Integration and Globalization

Author : Michael Cora
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781530220359
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Economic Integration and Globalization by : Michael Cora

Download or read book Regional Economic Integration and Globalization written by Michael Cora and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-02-14 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GATT/WTO system has been founded on the fundamental principle of non-discrimation. However, the system has also allowed exceptional cases to this principle through several arrangements. The leading examples of these cases are Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs). The concept of regionalization, is associated with the development of the institutional conditions for the shift of goods and production between countries. In the center of the regionalization process there is a function of integration groups, which currently are of great importance in the world economy. The number, size, and degree of relationships between countries which participate in integration agreements make it an important phenomenon and unique feature of the current phase of globalization There are also many different attitudes on the relationship between globalization and regionalism (integration). Some join them, other contradict. Firstly, regionalism and globalization mutually support themselves in the sense that regionalism is often the stage of globalization. Regionalization may indeed by stimulating the local markets and by creating a competitive environment in the region enhance microeconomic forces necessary for responding to the needs of globalization. However, there are important integration features for the defense against globalization as a process of differentiating and marginalizing some societies. In the case of integration we can count on a better protection against volatility of financial markets and againt monetary crisis

Economic Integration in Asia

Author : Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales (France)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Integration in Asia by : Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales (France)

Download or read book Economic Integration in Asia written by Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales (France) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Political Economy of Hemispheric Integration

Author : D. Sánchez-Ancochea
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230612946
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Hemispheric Integration by : D. Sánchez-Ancochea

Download or read book The Political Economy of Hemispheric Integration written by D. Sánchez-Ancochea and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-06-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benefiting from a truly Pan-American perspective, these essays evaluate the economics and politics of the new patterns of North-South integration in the particular context of the Americas, questioning if regional and bilateral trade agreements like NAFTA, CAFTA or the FTAA are appropriate mechanisms to promote economic development.

The Geography of Transport Systems

Author : Jean-Paul Rodrigue
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136777326
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis The Geography of Transport Systems by : Jean-Paul Rodrigue

Download or read book The Geography of Transport Systems written by Jean-Paul Rodrigue and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobility is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, or supplying energy. Each movement has an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, a destination, and a nature which is linked with geographical attributes. Transport systems composed of infrastructures, modes and terminals are so embedded in the socio-economic life of individuals, institutions and corporations that they are often invisible to the consumer. This is paradoxical as the perceived invisibility of transportation is derived from its efficiency. Understanding how mobility is linked with geography is main the purpose of this book. The third edition of The Geography of Transport Systems has been revised and updated to provide an overview of the spatial aspects of transportation. This text provides greater discussion of security, energy, green logistics, as well as new and updated case studies, a revised content structure, and new figures. Each chapter covers a specific conceptual dimension including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transportation and environmental impacts. A final chapter contains core methodologies linked with transport geography such as accessibility, spatial interactions, graph theory and Geographic Information Systems for transportation (GIS-T). This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. The accompanying website for this text contains a useful additional material, including digital maps, PowerPoint slides, databases, and links to further reading and websites. The website can be accessed at: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans This text is an essential resource for undergraduates studying transport geography, as well as those interest in economic and urban geography, transport planning and engineering.

Regional Agreements and Trade in Services

Author : Aaditya Mattoo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Agreements and Trade in Services by : Aaditya Mattoo

Download or read book Regional Agreements and Trade in Services written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Every major regional trade agreement now has a services dimension. Is trade in services so different that there is need to modify the conclusions on preferential agreements pertaining to goods reached so far? Mattoo and Fink first examine the implications of unilateral policy choices in a particular services market. They then explore the economics of international cooperation and identify the circumstances in which a country is more likely to benefit from cooperation in a regional rather than multilateral forum. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the implications of liberalizing trade in services. The authors may be contacted at amattoo@@worldbank.org or cfink@@worldbank.org.

Regional Economic Integration and Globalization

Author : Hakan Cora
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781530591480
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (914 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Economic Integration and Globalization by : Hakan Cora

Download or read book Regional Economic Integration and Globalization written by Hakan Cora and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GATT/WTO system has been founded on the fundamental principle of non- discrimation. However, the system has also allowed exceptional cases to this principle through several arrangements. The leading examples of these cases are Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs).The concept of regionalization, is associated with the development of the institutional conditions for the shift of goods and production between countries. In the center of the regionalization process there is a function of integration groups, which currently are of great importance in the world economy. The number, size, and degree of relationships between countries which participate in integration agreements make it an important phenomenon and unique feature of the current phase of globalization There are also many different attitudes on the relationship between globalization and regionalism (integration). Some join them, other contradict. Regionalism and globalization mutually support themselves in the sense that regionalism is often the stage of globalization.Regionalization may indeed by stimulating the local markets and by creating a competitive environment in the region enhance microeconomic forces necessary for responding to the needs of globalization. However, there are important integration features for the defense against globalization as a process of differentiating and marginalizing some societies. In the case of integration we can count on a better protection against volatility of financial markets and against monetary crisis.

Economic Integration in NAFTA and EU: A Comparative Analysis

Author : Wolf Seiler
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638821242
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Integration in NAFTA and EU: A Comparative Analysis by : Wolf Seiler

Download or read book Economic Integration in NAFTA and EU: A Comparative Analysis written by Wolf Seiler and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-10 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,3, LMU Munich, course: Regionalisierung der internationalen Handelsordnung?, 38 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The two regional trading agreements NAFTA and EU differ greatly, not only in their economic but also political approaches to regional integration. The paper describes the differences in the two regional trading agreements starting with the respective institutions and their structures. After that follows an analysis of indicators of their economic integration that will in a next step allow us to assess and compare them. This general assesment is followed by a more detailed comparison of how poorer members of NAFTA and EU, namely the cohesion countries in the EU and Mexico in NAFTA, have profited from the regional economic integration drives. Concluding remarks are given on positive and negative integration in both regional agreements.