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Integrated Methods For Production Of Clean Char And Its Combustion Properties Technical Report December 1 1991 February 29 1992
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Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Technical Report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Technical Report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this two-year program is to produce low sulfur char using an integrated process scheme which combines physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char desulfurization. The goal of the project is to produce chars with 50% or more lower sulfur emissions than that of the parent coal, and at minimum meet 1995 emission standards of 2.5 lbs S02/MMBtu. This project is a cooperative effort between the ISGS, UNDEERC and the US EPA and is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. Mild gasification and char desulfurization studies are conducted with six coals selected from the Illinois Basin Coal (IBC) Sample Program in a batch fluidized-bed reactor at the ISGS. Pound quantities of chars for combustion testing are prepared in a continuous rotary kiln reactor under optimized conditions of mild gasification and char desulfurization. Burning characteristics and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilot-scale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). In some tests, methane is examined as an auxiliary fuel, and high-surface-area hydrated lime developed at ISGS is used to further reduce S02 emissions. Complete analyses of the fuels are obtained to aid char desulfurization studies and help explain combustion and S02 emission characteristics of the char.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1991--December 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1991--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with S02 emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. MG and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and in a continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). Combustion properties and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kW pilot-scale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). This project is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. MG chars were prepared from l00 x 200 mesh size fractions of each of six coals selected from the Illinois Basin Coal (IBC) Sample Program in a FBR. under non-optimized conditions, desulfurized chars with S02 emissions 60--71% lower than the parent coals were made, depending on the coal. Chars prepared from four of the six coals had SO2 emissions less than 2.5 lbs S02/MMBtu. Optimization of LTO conditions revealed that the greatest reduction in S02 emissions was obtained using smaller particle diameters, steam during both MG and LTO, a higher temperature and higher oxygen partial pressure. Under optimized conditions, S02 emissions of one of the coals were reduced nearly 67%, from 4.60 to 1.49 lbs S02/MMBtu. About 40 pounds of low-sulfur char were prepared from IBC-102 in the RTK. The amount of sulfur removed in the RTK was less than in the FBR, and gave a char with S02 emissions of about 2.4 lbs S02/MMBtu. The greater sulfur removal in the FBR was attributed to a smaller mean particle diameter, better gas-solid contact and/or decreased partial pressure of S02.
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Quarterly Technical Report, December 1, 1992--February 28, 1993 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Quarterly Technical Report, December 1, 1992--February 28, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with SO2 emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. MG and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and in a continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). Combustion properties and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilot-scale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). This project is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. During the first year of this two year project, six coals from the IBC sample program (IBC-101, 102, 104, 105, 106 and 109) were studied. Under non-optimized conditions, desulfurized chars with SO2 emissions 60--71% lower than the parent coals were made in the FBR, depending on the coal. Chars prepared from four of the six coals had SO2 emissions less than 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. Under optimum conditions SO2 emissions of one of the coals were reduced nearly 67%, from 4.60 to 1.49 lbs SO2/MMBtu. MG reduced the chlorine content of one coal 93%. During the reporting period, about 160 pounds of -48 mesh IBC-102 coal were preoxidized in air at 150°C for 30 minutes in the RTK to minimize agglomeration during MG tests. MG of the preoxidized coal at 600°C produced about 75 pounds of char. About65 pounds of LTO char were prepared by oxidizing the MG char at 420,C for about 10 minutes. The amount of sulfur removed in the RTK was less than in the FBR, and gave a char with SO2 emissions of about 2.4 lbs SO2/MmBtu. The greater sulfur removal in the FBR was attributed to a smaller mean particle diameter, better gas-solid contact and/or a decreased partial pressure of SO2.
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1991--August 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1991--August 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with SO2 emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. Mild gasification and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor and in a continuous rotary kiln reactor. MG chars were subjected to a LTO step to remove additional sulfur. Under non-optimized conditions, SO2 emissions of the MG chars were decreased 657%, representing on average over 60% reduction in SO2 emissions from the coals. Physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char desulfurization reduced the SO2 emissions of IBC-104 and IBC-105 coals about 71%. LTO chars prepared from four of the six coals tested had SO2 emissions of less than 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. The VM contents of LTO chars were about 18%, which includes contributions from stable C-0 complexes formed by adsorption of oxygen on the surface of the chars. The average yield of low sulfur char obtained after MG and LTO was nearly 64% by weight of the original coal. A series of LTO optimization tests were conducted using IBC-102 coal. Results suggest that the greatest reduction in SO2 emissions was obtained using smaller particle diameters, steam during both MG and LTO, a higher temperature and higher oxygen partial pressure. The order of importance of process variables on SO2 emissions reduction of coals was: particle diameter> steam pyrolysis> oxygen partial pressure> steam oxidation k"temperature.
Book Synopsis Government reports annual index by :
Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Krankenkasse für den Kanton Bern by :
Download or read book Krankenkasse für den Kanton Bern written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. [Quarterly] Technical Report, March 1, 1993--May 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. [Quarterly] Technical Report, March 1, 1993--May 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with SO2 emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. MG and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and in a continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). Combustion properties and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilotscale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). This project is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. During the first year of this two year project, six coals from the IBC sample program (IBC-101, 102, 104, 105, 106 and 109) were studied. Under non-optimized conditions in the FBR, desulfurized chars were made with SO2 emissions 60--71% lower than the parent coals, depending on the coal. Chars prepared from four of the six coals had SO2 emissions less than 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. Under optimum conditions, SO2 emissions of one of the coals were reduced nearly 67%, from 4.60 to 1.49 lbs SO2/MMBtu. MG reduced the chlorine content of one coal 93%.
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. [Quarterly] Report, March 1, 1992--May 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. [Quarterly] Report, March 1, 1992--May 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this program is to produce chars with SO2 emissions at least 50% lower than those of the parent coals, and which at minimum meet the year 1995 emission standard of 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. This will be accomplished using an integrated process which combines physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char desulfurization. This project is a cooperative effort between the ISGS, UNDEERC and the US EPA and is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. Mild gasification and char desulfurization studies are conducted in a batch fluidized-bed reactor and a continuous rotary kiln reactor using six coals selected from the Illinois Basin Coal (IBC) Sample Program. Burning characteristics and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilot-scale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). Complete analyses of the fuels are obtained to aid char desulfurization studies and help explain combustion and SO2 emission characteristics of the chars. During this reporting period, preliminary low temperature oxidation (LTO) studies were conducted to desulfurize chars derived from mild gasification. Under non-optimized conditions, SO2 emissions (lbs SO2/MMBtu) of the six coals were reduced over 60%. Physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char desulfurization reduced the SO2 emissions of two of the coals nearly 70%. Chars prepared from four of the six coals tested had SO2 emissions of less than 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. The average yield of low sulfur char obtained after pyrolysis and LTO was nearly 64% by weight of the original coal. Thermogravimetric (TG) experiments showed that LTO chars are easier to burn than mild gasification chars, due to an increase in surface areas of desulfurized chars during oxygen treatment. Surface areas measured by nitrogen adsorption were 126 to 234 m2/g for LTO chars and
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-02 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this two-year program is to produce clean char using an integrated process scheme which combines physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char oxydesulfurization. Low sulfur chars which could be used in utility boilers to meet 1995 emission standards of 2.5 lbs DO2/MMBtu are produced from Illinois coals having emissions of>5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. Mild gasification and low temperature oxidation studies for sulfur removal are conducted with selected coals from the Illinois Basin Coal (IBC) Sample Program in a batch fixed-bed reactor at the ISGS. Pound quantities of chars for combustion testing are prepared in a continuous rotary kiln reactor under optimized conditions of mild gasification and oxydesulfurization. Burning characteristics and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined to ensure that a useable fuel is produced. These tests are done at the University of North Dakota Energy and Environmental Research Center (UNDEERC) in a drop tube furnace (DTF), and at the US EPA in a 14 kW pilot-scale combustor. In some tests, methane is examined as an auxiliary fuel, and high-surface-area hydrated lime developed at ISGS is used to further reduce SO2 emissions. Complete analyses of the fuels are obtained to aid char desulfurization studies and help explain combustion and SO2 emission characteristics of the char. This project is a cooperative effort between the ISGS, UNDEERC and the US EPA and is cost-shared with US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC.
Book Synopsis Integrated Production/use of Ultra Low-ash Coal, Premium Liquids and Clean Char. Interim Final Technical Report, 1 September, 1992--31 August, 1993 by :
Download or read book Integrated Production/use of Ultra Low-ash Coal, Premium Liquids and Clean Char. Interim Final Technical Report, 1 September, 1992--31 August, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate objective of this project is to attain high-value, coal-derived products, especially varieties of char, from Illinois coal. The chars (carbons) made in this study, because of their special properties, could become the marketable materials having the highest value in the product set. Tests this quarter followed up on an unexpected correlation of surface properties of a variety of oxidized carbons with adsorption phenomena. Additional oxidized carbons were made at the ISGS and tests to establish the reproducibility of results were begun. Work will be continued through December on a no-cost extension.
Download or read book Clean, Premium-quality Chars written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of methane, methane/oxygen, helium, and hydrogen with IBC-102 coal samples ((less-than or equal to) 2mg) has been investigated in a thermogravimetric reactor at 20°C--650°C. The results show that the reactive gases are converting some of the mineral matter of the coal into catalysts through chemical reactions (reduction or oxidation). Also, these gases (except He) dissolve in the softened coal. Added clays (kaolinite and Ca-montmorillonite) increase the reactivity of the coal. This higher reactivity may be attributed to the fact that clays may serve as catalysts for methane activation, may prevent the coal agglomeration, and/or may increase the number of active sites for the reaction by modification of the geometric structure of the coal surface. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments show that clean coal (no mineral matter) devolatilizes at a lower temperature than raw coal. Also, the preoxidation at 150°C for 50 minutes results in a 13° lowering of the devolatilization temperature. ISDR-FTIR experiments suggest that phenol groups of the coal play an important role in the cross-linkage of the coal structure when thermally treated.
Book Synopsis Investigation of a Technique for Sulfur Reduction of Mild Gasification Char. [Quarterly] Report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 by :
Download or read book Investigation of a Technique for Sulfur Reduction of Mild Gasification Char. [Quarterly] Report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this program is to investigate the desulfurization of mild gasification char using H2CH4 mixtures in a laboratory-scale experimental study. Mild gasification is a coal conversion technique which produces solid, liquid, and gaseous co-products. Char is the major co-product, about 60% of the dry coal yield. Form coke for steelmaking and foundries presents the best potential high-value markets for chars from eastern bituminous coals. Conventional metallurgical cokes generally contain about 1 wt% or less sulfur. Mild gasification char from high-sulfur Illinois coals must be upgraded to meet these criteria. One method to accomplish this is desulfurization with reducing gases derived from the mild gasification co-product gases. Because form coke has a market value up to $200/ton, it can accommodate desulfurization costs and still be economically attractive. The desulfurization can be performed either on the granular char or on formed-briquettes.
Download or read book Clean, Premium-quality Chars written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this two-year project is to evaluate methods of preparing demineralized and carbon enriched chars from Illinois Basin coals. There are two processing steps: physical cleaning of the coal and devolatilization under different environments to form chars. Two different techniques were used: BET surface area analyzer and in-situ Diffuse Reflectance FTIR. Experiments were performed with coals IBC-101, 102, and 104 as received and after cleaning. It was found that the cleaning not only removes the minerals but has changed also the porous structure of the coals. DR-FTIR spectrums helped to explain the possible existing chemical bonds in the coal structure as well as their changes during drying and mild pyrolysis.
Book Synopsis Continuous Bench-scale Tests to Assess METHOXYCOAL Process Performance. [Quarterly] Technical Report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 by :
Download or read book Continuous Bench-scale Tests to Assess METHOXYCOAL Process Performance. [Quarterly] Technical Report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory-scale research conducted at Southern Illinois University of Carbondale (SIUC) has shown that coal pyrolysis in the presence of CH4 and small quantities of O2 (the METHOXYCOAL process) can produce high yields of liquids and valuable chemicals compared to conventional pyrolysis. The addition of MgO, coal ash, and clays have been shown to further enhance coal conversion. The goal of this two-year project is to build upon that laboratory research by conducting continuous benchscale tests at IGT. Tests are being conducted with IBC-101 coal under CH4/O2 blends with and without added coal ash, MgO, and/or clays, at temperatures and pressures up to 1000°F and 200 psig. These tests will provide data to select preferred operating conditions for production of targeted chemicals (phenol, cresols, naphthalene, C1-naphthalenes) from high-sulfur Illinois coals.
Book Synopsis Biochar for Environmental Management by : Dr. Johannes Lehmann
Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Dr. Johannes Lehmann and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure, or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process.This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines"--Provided by publisher.
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