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Innate Dna And Rna Recognition
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Book Synopsis Innate DNA and RNA Recognition by : Hans-Joachim Anders
Download or read book Innate DNA and RNA Recognition written by Hans-Joachim Anders and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2014-06-24 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innate DNA and RNA Recognition: Method and Protocols presents validated experimental strategies to dissect nucleic acid sensing in-vitro and in-vivo sources. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Innate DNA and RNA Recognition: Method and Protocols provides a resource for immunologists, molecular biologists, virologists, microbiologists and researchers studying how the innate immune system handles nucleic acids from endogenous or foreign sources.
Book Synopsis Nucleic Acids in Innate Immunity by : Ken J. Ishii
Download or read book Nucleic Acids in Innate Immunity written by Ken J. Ishii and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-05-22 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, innate immunity was regarded as a relatively nonspecific system designed to engulf and destroy pathogens. However, new studies show that the innate immune system is highly developed in its ability to discriminate between self and foreign entities. Understanding this mechanism can lead to therapeutic strategies based on manipulation
Book Synopsis Structural Basis for RNA Recognition and Activation by Human Innate Immune Receptor RIG-1 by : Fuguo Jiang
Download or read book Structural Basis for RNA Recognition and Activation by Human Innate Immune Receptor RIG-1 written by Fuguo Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innate immunity provides the first line of host defense against pathogenic microbial and viral invasion. Activation of innate immune responses relies on the specific recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Retinoic acid Inducible Gene- I (RIG-I) is a crucial PPR in the cytoplasm that induces antiviral and inflammatory immune responses against RNA viruses by selectively detecting PAMP RNAs. The RIG-I signaling pathway is highly regulated. Aberrant signaling can lead to apoptosis and altered cell differentiation, which have been implicated in the development of inflammation, autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, and cancer. We have collaborated with Dr. Michael Gale at University of Washington School of Medicine to identify the poly-uridine motif of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome 3' non-translated region and its replication intermediate as a PAMP substrate of RIG-I (Saito et al., 2008). To this end, I have developed efficient expression and purification methods for human RIG-I, and characterized the protein using biochemical and biophysical methods. Highly purified RIG-I protein was then used to verify HCV PAMP RNA in vitro by gel shift assay and limited proteolysis. RIG-I consists of two N-terminal caspase recruitment domains (CARDs), a central DExD/H box RNA helicase/ATPase domain, and a C- terminal repressor domain (RD). To understand how the RIG-I helicase binds RNA and leads to activation, I have determined the crystal structure of the human RIG-I helicase-RD domain bound to dsRNA and ADP·BeF3 in collaboration with Dr. Smita Patel's group at UMDNJ. The structure of ternary complex reveals a major contribution from the helicase domain to RNA binding and a synergy between the helicase and RD in recognition of blunt-ended dsRNA (Jiang et al., 2011). Furthermore, I have determined the crystal structures of RIG-I bound to panhandle-like short hairpin RNAs in the presence or absence of 5'-triphosphorylated modification, and chimeric RNA-DNA duplex at high resolution. These recent structures provide further insights into the molecular mechanics of RNA recognition and RIG-I activation upon viral infection.
Book Synopsis Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immunity by : Stefan Bauer
Download or read book Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immunity written by Stefan Bauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-11 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall recent research on TLRs has led to tremendous increase in our understanding of early steps in pathogen recognition and will presumably lead to potent TLR targeting therapeutics in the future. This book reviews and highlights our recent understanding on the function and ligands of TLRs as well as their role in autoimmunity, dendritic cell activation and target structures for therapeutic intervention.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sensing DNA in Antiviral Innate Immunity by : Chunfu Zheng
Download or read book Sensing DNA in Antiviral Innate Immunity written by Chunfu Zheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis RNA Recognition by the Pattern Recognition Receptor RIG-I: Roles of RNA Binding, Multimerization, and RNA-dependent ATPase Activity by : Elizabeth Erin DeLaney
Download or read book RNA Recognition by the Pattern Recognition Receptor RIG-I: Roles of RNA Binding, Multimerization, and RNA-dependent ATPase Activity written by Elizabeth Erin DeLaney and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition of viral RNA by mammalian cells is critical for the activation of the innate immune system. Viral RNA is recognized by several pathogen recognition receptors, including retinoic acid inducible gene I, or RIG-I. RIG-I consists of two N-terminal tandem caspase activation and recruitment domains, a central helicase/ATPase domain, and a C-terminal regulatory domain. Following RNA binding, RIG-I undergoes a conformational change, ubiquitination, and dimerization, all of which are necessary for interaction with the adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS). Binding to MAVS triggers signaling cascades that induce the transcription of antiviral peptides. RIG-I has been shown to be activated by both dsRNA and dsRNA containing 5'-triphosphates in vivo, and its ATPase activity is critical for activation. A significant body of work has been published regarding the cellular role of RIG-I, but how RIG-I distinguishes viral RNAs from cellular RNAs remains unclear. To understand how RIG-I distinguishes between different substrates, we performed a biochemical analysis of RIG-I RNA binding, ATPase activity, and oligomerization. We used purified RIG-I to quantitatively analyze how RIG-I interacts with various model RNAs. We show that RIG-I binds tightly to dsRNA regardless of the presence of a 5'- triphosphate. Dissociation of RIG-I from RNA is enhanced by ATP. RIG-I ATPase activity is stimulated by RNA duplexes as short as 10 bp, and a RIG-I monomer is sufficient for ATPase activity. RIG-I binds to RNA duplexes with and without blunt ends, however ATPase activity is only activated by RNA duplexes containing at least one blunt end. Collectively, these data suggest that duplex structure and nucleotide binding play a critical role in RIG-I binding and activation. Our data suggest a model in which distinguishing self from non-self RNA requires the recognition of multiple features in a single RNA by RIG-I.
Book Synopsis Self and Nonself by : Carlos López-Larrea
Download or read book Self and Nonself written by Carlos López-Larrea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-07 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1960 Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet received the Noble Prize in Physiology and Medicine. He titled his Nobel Lecture “Immunological Recognition of Self” emphasizing the central argument of immunological tolerance in “How does the vertebrate organism recognize self from nonself in this the immunological sense—and how did the capacity evolve.” The concept of self is linked to the concept of biological self identity. All organisms, from bacteria to higher animals, possess recognition systems to defend themselves from nonself. Even in the context of the limited number of metazoan phyla that have been studied in detail, we can now describe many of the alternative mechanism of immune recognition that have emerged at varying points in phylogeny. Two different arms—the innate and adaptive immune system—have emerged at different moments in evolution, and they are conceptually different. The ultimate goals of immune biology include reconstructing the molecular networks underlying immune processes.
Book Synopsis Modification and Editing of RNA by : Henri Grosjean
Download or read book Modification and Editing of RNA written by Henri Grosjean and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Comprehensive, current text explores the manifold ways in which living cells respond to genomic injury and alterations, including both spontaneous and environmentally induced DNA damage. With more than 4,000 complete references to primary research literature and over 380 color figures throughout, this book is an important text for all courses in DNA repair and mutagenesis. It will also serve as a major reference for all molecular biologists working in cancer biology, recombination, transcription and gene regulation, DNA replication, environmental studies, and biological evolution.
Book Synopsis Extracellular Nucleic Acids by : Yo Kikuchi
Download or read book Extracellular Nucleic Acids written by Yo Kikuchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extracellular nucleic acids have recently emerged as important players in the fields of biology and the medical sciences. In the last several years, extracellular nucleic acids have been shown to be involved in not only microbial evolution as genetic elements but also to have structural roles in bacterial communities, such as biofilms. Circulating DNA and RNA have been found in human blood and expected to be useful as non-invasive markers for the diagnosis of several diseases. In addition, extracellular nucleic acids have attracted attention as active modulators of the immune system of higher organisms, including humans. This book covers nearly all of the newly developing fields related to extracellular nucleic acids, including those of basic biology, ecology and the medical sciences, and provides readers with the latest knowledge on them.
Book Synopsis CRISPR-Cas Systems by : Rodolphe Barrangou
Download or read book CRISPR-Cas Systems written by Rodolphe Barrangou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CRISPR/Cas is a recently described defense system that protects bacteria and archaea against invasion by mobile genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids. A wide spectrum of distinct CRISPR/Cas systems has been identified in at least half of the available prokaryotic genomes. On-going structural and functional analyses have resulted in a far greater insight into the functions and possible applications of these systems, although many secrets remain to be discovered. In this book, experts summarize the state of the art in this exciting field.
Book Synopsis Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity by :
Download or read book Macromolecular Structure Underlying Recognition in Innate Immunity written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immune molecules have evolved to distinguish "self "molecules from "non-self", "altered self" and "danger" molecules. Recognition is mediated via interactions between pattern recognition receptor molecules (PPRs) and their ligands, which include hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between amino acid residues on the PPRs and uncharged or charged groups on amino acid residues, sugar rings or DNA/RNA molecules. Recognition in innate immunity range from cases (C1q, mannin-binding protein etc) where recognition is orchestrated by interaction between many ligands with one receptor molecule, and density of interaction is necessary for strong specific recognition, distinct from weak non-specific binding, and cases such as TLRs and NLRs where recognition involves complexation of single receptor and ligand, followed by oligomerisation of the receptor molecule. The majority of PPR molecules bind and recognise a wide variety of ligands, e.g TLR4 recognises LPS (gram negative bacteria), Lipotechoic acid (gram positive bacteria), heat shock protein hsp60, respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein etc, molecules that are structurally dissimilar to each other. This indicates considerable flexibility in their binding domains (amino acid residue variations) and modes (hydrophobic and charged, direct or mediated via an adaptor molecule). However, in many cases there is a dearth of structural and molecular data available, required to delineate the mechanism of ligand binding underlining recognition in pathogen receptors in innate immunity. Insights into requirements of conformation, charge, surface etc in the recognition and function of innate immunity receptors and their activation pathways, based on current data can suggest valuable avenues for future work.
Book Synopsis Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Diseases by : Walter Gottlieb Land
Download or read book Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Diseases written by Walter Gottlieb Land and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current understanding of the importance of modern immunology in the etiopathogenesis of human diseases and explores how this understanding is impacting on diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. As the core of modern immunology, the “danger/injury model” is introduced and addressed throughout the book. Volume I of the book describes the network of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and examines the central role of DAMPs in cellular stress responses and associated regulated cell death, the promotion and resolution of inflammation, the activation of innate lymphoid cells and unconventional T cells, the stimulation of adaptive immunity, and tissue repair. The significance of DAMPs in a wide range of human diseases will then be explored in Volume II of the book, with discussion of the implications of injury-induced innate immunity for present and future treatments. This book is written for professionals from all medical and paramedical disciplines who are interested in the introduction of innovative data from immunity and inflammation research into clinical practice. The readership will include practitioners and clinicians such as hematologists, rheumatologists, traumatologists, oncologists, intensive care anesthetists, endocrinologists such as diabetologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, pharmacists, and transplantologists.
Book Synopsis Concepts of Biology by : Samantha Fowler
Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2017-12-30 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The images in this textbook are in color. There is a less-expensive non-color version available - search for ISBN 9781680922202. Concepts of Biology is designed for the introductory biology course for nonmajors taught at most two- and four-year colleges. The scope, sequence, and level of the program are designed to match typical course syllabi in the market. Concepts of Biology includes interesting applications, features a rich art program, and conveys the major themes of biology.
Book Synopsis Innate Immunity in Health and Disease by : Shailendra K. Saxena
Download or read book Innate Immunity in Health and Disease written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on various aspects and properties of innate immunity, whose deep understanding is integral for safeguarding the human race from further loss of resources and economies due to innate immune response-mediated diseases. Throughout this book, we examine the individual mechanisms by which the innate immune response acts to protect the host from pathogenic infectious agents and other non-communicable diseases. Written by experts in the field, the volume discusses the significance of macrophages in infectious disease, tumor metabolism, and muscular disorders. Chapters cover such topics as the fate of differentiated macrophages and the molecular pathways that are important for the pathologic role of macrophages.
Book Synopsis Membrane Biogenesis by : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp
Download or read book Membrane Biogenesis written by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.
Book Synopsis The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids by : Günter Mayer
Download or read book The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids written by Günter Mayer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With extensive coverage of synthesis techniques and applications, this text describes chemical biology techniques which have gained significant impetus during the last five years. It focuses on the methods for obtaining modified and native nucleic acids, and their biological applications. Topics covered include: chemical synthesis of modified RNA expansion of the genetic alphabet in nucleic acids by creating new base pairs chemical biology of DNA replication: probing DNA polymerase selectivity mechanisms with modified nucleotides nucleic-acid-templated chemistry chemical biology of peptide nucleic acids (PNA) the interactions of small molecules with DNA and RNA the architectural modules of folded RNAs genesis and biological applications of locked nucleic acid (LNA) small non-coding RNA in bacteria microRNA-guided gene silencing nucleic acids based therapies innate immune recognition of nucleic acid light-responsive nucleic acids for the spatiotemporal control of biological processes DNA methylation frameworks for programming RNA devices RNA as a catalyst: The Diels-Alderase-Ribozyme evolving an understanding of RNA function by in vitro approaches the chemical biology of aptamers: synthesis and applications nucleic acids as detection tools bacterial riboswitch discovery and analysis The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids is an essential compendium of the synthesis of nucleic acids and their biological applications for bioorganic chemists, chemical biologists, medicinal chemists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists.
