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Author : Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)
Download or read book Injection and Energy Recovery in Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs written by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)
Download or read book Injection and Energy Recovery in Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs written by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical studies of the effects of injection on the behavior of production wells completed in fractured two-phase geothermal reservoirs are presented. In these studies the multiple-interacting-continua (MINC) method is employed for the modeling of idealized fractured reservoirs. Simulations are carried out for a five-spot well pattern with various well spacings, fracture spacings, and injection fractions. The production rates from the wells are calculated using a deliverability model. The results of the studies show that injection into two-phase fractured reservoirs increases flow rates and decreases enthalpies of producing wells. These two effects offset each other so that injection tends to have small effects on the usable energy output of production wells in the short term. However, if a sufficiently large fraction of the produced fluids is injected, the fracture system may become liquid-filled and an increased steam rate is obtained. Our studies show that injection greatly increases the long-term energy output from wells, as it helps extract heat from the resrvoir rocks. If a high fraction of the produced fluids is injected, the ultimate energy recovery will increase manyfold.
Download or read book Effects of Water Injection Into Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinjection of water into fractured geothermal reservoirs holds potential both for improvement and degradation of total energy recovery. The replacement of reservoir fluid can mean support of placement of reservoir pressures and also more efficient thermal energy recovery, but at the same time the premature invasion of reinjected water back into production wells through high permeability fractures can reduce discharge enthalpy and hence deliverability and useful energy output. Increases in reservoir pressure and maintenance of field output have been observed in operating fields, but unfortunately so too have premature thermal breakthroughs. The design of reinjection schemes, therefore, requires careful investigation into the likely effects, using field experimentation. This paper summarizes field experience with reinjection around the world, with the intention of elucidating characteristics of possible problems. The results summarized in this paper fall into three categories of interest: permeability changes dye to injection (both increases and decreases); the path followed by injected water (as indicated by tracer tests); and the thermal and hydraulic influences of injection on the reinjection well itself and on surrounding producers. [DJE-2005].
Download or read book Energy Recovery by Water Injection written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several analytical and numerical studies that address injection and thermal breakthrough in fractured geothermal reservoirs are described. The results show that excellent thermal sweeps can be achieved in fractured reservoirs, and that premature cold water breakthrough can be avoided if the injection wells are appropriately located.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Analysis of Heat Transfer and Energy Recovery in Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : E. Okandan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400936915
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Geothermal Reservoir Engineering written by E. Okandan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the oil crisis of 1973, we suddenly became aware that fossil fuel resources are limited and will be exhausted soon if new alternatives are not put into use immediately. Conservation measures and extensive research on new sources of energy has eased the demand on fossil fuels, especially crude oil. Geothermal energy as an alternative; source had its share in this devel opment and electricity producing capacity increased from 700 to 4700 MWe during 1970 to 1985. Geothermal reservoir engineering emerged as an impor tant field in the assessment of geothermal sources. During the 25 years of its development, several areas were identified that needed further at tention for the correct description and interpretation of reservoir be havior. This fact as accepted by all operators is vital for the steady and continuous operation of power plants. During this NATO ASI, a detailed review of theory and field case his tories on geothermal reservoir engineering was presented. In understanding .the reservoir, conceptual models, natural state models, well bore measure ments, transient and tracer testing provide data which are indispensable. They are powerful tools in understanding reservoir behavior provided we know how to interpret them. During lectures the theory and practical applications of these interpretive methods were discussed.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jacob Bear
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080916473
Total Pages : 575 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Flow and Contaminant Transport in Fractured Rock written by Jacob Bear and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two or three decades, fractured rock domains have received increasing attention not only in reservoir engineering and hydrology, but also in connection with geological isolation of radioactive waste. Locations in both the saturated and unsaturated zones have been under consideration because such repositories are sources of heat and potential sources of groundwater contamination. Thus, in addition to the transport of mass of fluid phases in single and multiphase flow, the issues of heat transport and mass transport of components have to be addressed.
Author : Geothermal Resources Council
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Fractures in Geothermal Reservoirs written by Geothermal Resources Council and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. Mader
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080868843
Total Pages : 1277 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Hydraulic Proppant Fracturing and Gravel Packing written by D. Mader and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1989-03-01 with total page 1277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many aspects of hydraulic proppant fracturing have changed since its innovation in 1947. The main significance of this book is its combination of technical and economical aspects to provide an integrated overview of the various applications of proppants in hydraulic fracturing, and gravel in sand control. The monitoring of fractures and gravel packs by well-logging and seismic techniques is also included.The book's extensive coverage of the subject should be of special interest to reservoir geologists and engineers, production engineers and technologists, and well log analysts.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 856 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Krishna Kumar Kamichetty
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (86 download)
Download or read book Rock Mechanics Analysis of Enhanced Geothermal Energy Recovery written by Krishna Kumar Kamichetty and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permeability enhancement during stimulation in a geothermal reservoir is mainly due to the development and extension of pre-existing fractures and joints in the rockmass. The success of this technique is primarily associated with a complex interaction between thermal, hydraulic, mechanical and chemical processes within the rockmass. Various solutions have been developed with the intention of modeling each single process and eventually couple them together in order to predict the resulting permeability and size of the man-created fracture network for given injection rates and rockmass properties. Different combinations of T-H-M-C processes have been studied and are largely based on theoretical frameworks [Taron, et al, 2009]. Most of the T-H-M-C applications occur in the fields of nuclear waste disposal, gas and oil recovery, and Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Systems. In Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), fluid circulation in the fractured rocks is influenced in both the short term and long term by Thermal-Hydro-Mechanical deformation [Elsworth, et al, 2009]. There are many considerations in the design of EGS and most relate to the behavior of fractures. In this work, the Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical behavior of the fracture aperture in a Hot Dry Rock Enhanced Geothermal System is studied through numerical simulations of the Fenton Hill model site [Cramer et al, 1979] using a three dimensional distinct element code, 3DEC. A full study of the physical processes involved and their relation with the in-situ geological, structural, mechanical and hydrogeological conditions is a constant and essential component of the work. Different values of input parameters such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, mechanical stresses, thermal load and fluid flow are applied to a planar fracture, and the resultant deformation of the fracture is obtained in the form of displacements. Coupled processes such as coupled T-M and H-M methods are employed and solved for the fracture aperture changes. From the study, it is found which of these individual parameters or coupled processes have significant effect on the fracture aperture change which in turn changes the modeling methods of an Enhanced Geothermal Reservoir. As a result the study offers a reference catalog of guidelines, directions and solutions for future considerations of EGS candidates and demonstrates the capability of the model as an assessment tool for the creation of fractures for an EGS energy recovery project.
Author : S. Nemat-Nassar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400968841
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy written by S. Nemat-Nassar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing has been and continues to be a major techno logical tool in oil and gas recovery, nuclear and other waste disposal, mining and particularly in-situ coal gasification, and, more recently, in geothermal heat recovery, particularly extracting heat from hot dry rock masses. The understanding of the fracture process under the ac tion of pressurized fluid at various temperatures is of fundamental scientific importance, which requires an adequate description of thermomechanical properties of subsurface rock, fluid-solid interaction effects, as well as degradation of the host rock due to temperature gradients introduced by heat extraction. Considerable progress has been made over the past several years in laboratory experiments, analytical and numerical modeling, and in-situ field studies in various aspects of hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy extraction, by researchers in the United States and Japan and also elsewhere. However, the results have been scattered throughout the literature. Therefore, the time seemed ripe for bringing together selected researchers from the two countries, as well as observers from other countries, in order to survey the state of the art, exchange scientific information, and establish closer collaboration for further, better coordinated scientific effort in this important area of research and exploration.
Download or read book Heat Transfer Processes During Low Or High Enthalpy Fluid Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of hot separated brine by means of reinjection within the limits of the geothermal reservoir is, at present, a problem that remains to be solved. Possible thermal, as well as chemical contamination of the resources present key questions that have to be appropiately answered before a reinjection project is actually implemented in the field. This paper focusses on the basic heat-transfer process that takes place when a relatively cold brine is injected back into the naturally fractured hot geothermal reservoir after steam has been separated at the surface. The mathematical description of this process considers that rock matrix blocks behaves as uniformly distributed heat sources, meanwhile heat transfer between matrix blocks and the fluid contained in the fractures takes place under pseudo-steady state conditions with the main temperature drop occurring in the rock-matrix blocks interphase. Analytical solutions describing the thermal front speed of propagation are presented. Discussion on the effect of several variables affecting the thermal front speed of propagation is included, stressing the importance that a proper "in-situ" determination of the effective heat transfer area at the rock-fluid interphase has on the whole process. Solutions are also presented as a type-curve that can be practically used to estimate useful parameters involved in heat transfer phenomena during cold fluid reinjection in naturally fractured geothermal systems.
Download or read book Studies of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A semi-analytical model for studies of cold water injectioninto naturally fractured reservoirs has been developed. The model can beused to design the flow rates and location of injection wells in suchsystems. The results obtained using the model show that initially thecold water will move very rapidly through the fracture system away from the well. Later on, conductive heat transfer from the rock matrix blockswill retard the advancement of the cold water front, and eventuallyuniform energy sweep conditions will prevail. Where uniform energy sweepconditions are reached the cold waer movement away from the injectionwell will be identical to that in a porous medium; consequently maximumenergy recovery from the rock matrix will be attained. The time ofuniform energy sweep and the radial distance from the injection wellwhere it occurs are greatly dependent upon the fracture spacing, butindependent of the fracture aperture.
Author : Gudmundur S. Bodvarsson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (787 download)
Download or read book Studies of Injection Into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs written by Gudmundur S. Bodvarsson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lilja Magnúsdóttir
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (856 download)
Download or read book Fracture Characterization in Geothermal Reservoirs Using Time-lapse Electric Potential Data written by Lilja Magnúsdóttir and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The configuration of fractures in a geothermal reservoir is central to the performance of the system. The interconnected fractures control the heat and mass transport in the reservoir and if the fluid reaches production wells before it is fully heated, unfavorable effects on energy production may result due to decreasing fluid enthalpies. Consequently, inappropriate placing of injection or production wells can lead to premature thermal breakthrough. Thus, fracture characterization in geothermal reservoirs is an important task in order to design the recovery strategy appropriately and increase the overall efficiency of the power production. This is true both in naturally fractured geothermal systems as well as in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) with man-made fractures produced by hydraulic stimulation. In this study, the aim was to estimate fracture connectivity in geothermal reservoirs using a conductive fluid injection and an inversion of time-lapse electric potential data. Discrete fracture networks were modeled and a flow simulator was used first to simulate the flow of a conductive tracer through the reservoirs. Then, the simulator was applied to solve the electric fields at each time step by utilizing the analogy between Ohm's law and Darcy's law. The electric potential difference between well-pairs drops as a conductive fluid fills fracture paths from the injector towards the producer. Therefore, the time-lapse electric potential data can be representative of the connectivity of the fracture network. Flow and electric simulations were performed on models of various fracture networks and inverse modeling was used to match reservoir models to other fracture networks in a library of networks by comparing the time-histories of the electric potential. Two fracture characterization indices were investigated for describing the character of the fractured reservoirs; the fractional connected area and the spatial fractal dimension. In most cases, the electrical potential approach was used successfully to estimate both the fractional connected area of the reservoirs and the spatial fractal dimension. The locations of the linked fracture sets were also predicted correctly. Next, the electric method was compared to using only the simple tracer return curves at the producers in the inverse analysis. The study showed that the fracture characterization indices were estimated somewhat better using the electric approach. The locations of connected areas in the predicted network were also in many cases incorrect when only the tracer return curves were used. The use of the electric approach to predict thermal return was investigated and compared to using just the simple tracer return curves. The electric approach predicted the thermal return curves relatively accurately. However, in some cases the tracer return gave a better estimation of the thermal behavior. The electric measurements are affected by both the time it takes for the conductive tracer to reach the production well, as well as the overall location of the connected areas. When only the tracer return curves are used in the inverse analysis, only the concentration of tracer at the producer is measured but there is a good correlation between the tracer breakthrough time and the thermal breakthrough times. Thus, the tracer return curves can predict the thermal return accurately but the overall location of fractures might not be predicted correctly. The electric data and the tracer return data were also used together in an inverse analysis to predict the thermal returns. The results were in some cases somewhat better than using only the tracer return curves or only the electric data. A different injection scheme was also tested for both approaches. The electric data characterized the overall fracture network better than the tracer return curves so when the well pattern was changed from what was used during the tracer and electric measurements, the electric approach predicted the new thermal return better. In addition, the thermal return was predicted considerably better using the electric approach when measurements over a shorter period of time were used in the inverse analysis. In addition to characterizing the fracture distribution better, the electric approach can give information about the conductive fluid flowing through the fracture network even before it has reached the production wells.
