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Inheritance And Physiology Of Chilling Tolerance In Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench
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Book Synopsis Inheritance and Physiology of Chilling Tolerance in Grain Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] by : Josephine Pamela Achieng' Ouma
Download or read book Inheritance and Physiology of Chilling Tolerance in Grain Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] written by Josephine Pamela Achieng' Ouma and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enhancing Early-stage Chilling Tolerance (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) by Integrating Physiological and Genetic Approaches by : Troy Ostmeyer
Download or read book Enhancing Early-stage Chilling Tolerance (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) by Integrating Physiological and Genetic Approaches written by Troy Ostmeyer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an important grain crop in the United States. Early planting can help to extend sorghum's growing season and increase planting area and production, but is poorly adapted to chilling temperatures (
Book Synopsis Physiological and Genetic Characterization of Sorghum Exposed to Early Season Chilling and Terminal Heat and Drought Stress by : Anuj Chiluwal
Download or read book Physiological and Genetic Characterization of Sorghum Exposed to Early Season Chilling and Terminal Heat and Drought Stress written by Anuj Chiluwal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the hardiest crop to abiotic stresses compared with other grain crops. However early stage chilling, terminal heat and drought stress are three most damaging abiotic stresses that have limited sorghum productivity in the US Great plains and other locations having similar environmental conditions. Three studies were conducted with an overall goal aimed at increasing grain sorghum's resilience to harsh climatic conditions. In the first study, four promising chilling stress tolerant sorghum advanced breeding lines, a known early stage chilling tolerant Chinese landrace (Shan Qui Red - SQR) and a susceptible US elite cultivar (RTx430) as checks were assessed for chilling tolerance during emergence and early growth under field and controlled environments. Aerial phenotyping using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) fitted with multispectral camera was used to capture reflectance-based vegetation indices (NDVI and NDRE) in field experiments. Some advanced breeding lines with superior agronomic background also recorded significantly better emergence, seedling growth and vigor compared to SQR under chilling conditions. Aerial phenotyping indices from images taken between 30 and 60 days after emergence were consistently correlated with destructive measurements under early plantings, indicating their effectiveness in differentiating chilling responses. Second study was conducted to understand physiological mechanisms inducing heat stress resilience in sorghum during flowering. A diverse set of sorghum inbreds and selected hybrids were tested under greenhouse, growth chamber facilities and field conditions. A highly conserved early-morning-flowering mechanism was observed across all the inbreds and hybrids, with the peak anthesis wherein >90% of florets completed flowering within 30 min after dawn. The conserved response was consistent even under drought stress and heat stress exposure imposed at different times of the day. Our findings report a novel heat escaping early-morning-flowering mechanism effectively employed by sorghum to minimize heat stress impact at anthesis. Another experiment with sequential increase in daytime temperature treatments suggest heat stress induced loss in pollen viability to be a key factor resulting in reduced seed-set and grain yield. The findings suggest heat stress could have a greater impact on post-pollen germination processes such as fertilization, embryo formation and development. We identified a heat tolerant genotype "Macia" which appears to be a promising donor for developing improved heat tolerant sorghum hybrids. In the third study, a bi-parental recombinant inbred lines (RILs) mapping population developed from elite post flowering drought susceptible cultivar (RTx430) and a known drought tolerant cultivar (SC35) were evaluated under wide spectrum of environments and moisture conditions. Several novel and major QTL for grain yield, panicle neck diameter, effective quantum yield of photosystem II and chlorophyll content were identified. The genomic regions and the candidate genes within these regions can potentially help in improving source and sink dynamics in sorghum under diverse environments. The findings from these studies will complement ongoing efforts in developing future sorghum with enhanced resilience to different abiotic stresses that continue to limit sorghum productivity.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Inheritance of Flowering Stage Cold Tolerance in Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench by : Enrique Romo Calderon
Download or read book A Study of the Inheritance of Flowering Stage Cold Tolerance in Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench written by Enrique Romo Calderon and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cold Tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) by : Frank Maulana
Download or read book Analysis of Cold Tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) written by Frank Maulana and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold temperature stress is an important abiotic constraint to grain sorghum production in temperate regions. In the United States, low temperature in late spring and early fall has limited sorghum production to a narrow growing period. Deployment of cold tolerance traits may widen this window and hence contribute to increased production. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effect of early and mid-season cold temperature stress on growth, phenology and yield components of sorghum, and identify key traits that are most sensitive to cold stress at seedling and flowering stages, and (2) to identify new sources of cold tolerance for use in breeding programs. Series of controlled environment (greenhouse/growth chamber) and field experiments were carried out. Three sorghum genotypes of variable response, Shan Qui Red (tolerant), SRN39 (susceptible) and Pioneer 84G62 (unknown) were subjected to cold (15/13°C day/night) and normal (25/23°C day/night) temperature at seedling (Experiment I) and flowering (Experiment II) stages. The genotypes were planted in a greenhouse using a 5L polytainer pots. Each pot consisted of a single plant and each plot was represented by three pots. A split-plot design with three replications was used in both experiments with temperature regimes as main plots and genotypes as sub-plots. Three days after emergence, experiment I plants were moved to the growth chamber and subjected to the designated temperature treatments. For experiment II, the treatments were assigned at heading stage immediately before anthesis had begun. The treatments lasted 10 d in both experiments. Data were collected on seedling characteristics and leaf chlorophyll content in experiment I, days to flowering, maturity, and yield components in both experiments, and anthesis duration in experiment II. For the field experiment, 150 sorghum germplasm collections of potential cold tolerance along with tolerant and susceptible checks were evaluated for emergence and seedling traits under early planting (April 13) at soil temperature of 20.1/13.4 °C max/min. The normal temperature treatment was applied by planting at regular season (May 26) at soil temperature of 30.0/20.4°C max/min. Twenty-four genotypes selected based on field emergence and seedling vigor were further screened under controlled environment. Early-season stress significantly reduced leaf chlorophyll content, all seedling traits (height, vigor and dry weight), and also delayed flowering and maturity. But it had no effect on final leaf number, plant height and yield components. Genotypic response to early stress was significant for all traits with the susceptible checks having the lowest score for all seedling traits. Mid-season cold stress prolonged anthesis duration, delayed maturity and highly reduced all yield components. Several genotypes among the 150 had higher seedling vigor and emergence than the tolerant check, Shan Qui Red. In conclusion, reduced seedling vigor as a result of early stress had no effect on final yield provided that stand establishment was not compromised while mid season stress is damaging to yield. The wide genetic variation for the traits indicates the potential for improvement of cold tolerance in sorghum.
Book Synopsis Genomics Underlying Chilling and Freezing Stress Responses and Adaptation in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench) by : Niegel Desmond La Borde
Download or read book Genomics Underlying Chilling and Freezing Stress Responses and Adaptation in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench) written by Niegel Desmond La Borde and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physiology of freezing tolerance were evaluated, on the two populations, through a indoor protocol on coldacclimated and nonacclimated sorghum. A QTL approach was used to identify areas in the genome associated with freezing tolerance.
Book Synopsis Genetic Dissection of Cold Tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) by : Subhadra Chakrabarty
Download or read book Genetic Dissection of Cold Tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) written by Subhadra Chakrabarty and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research in the Physiology of Yield and Management of Sorghum in Relation to Genetic Improvement by :
Download or read book Research in the Physiology of Yield and Management of Sorghum in Relation to Genetic Improvement written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characteristics and Inheritance of Nonsenescence in Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench by : Ronny Rush Duncan
Download or read book Characteristics and Inheritance of Nonsenescence in Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench written by Ronny Rush Duncan and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Field Study of the Heat and Drought Tolerance of Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) as an Approach to Genetic Improvement by : Vincent Babatunde Ogunlela
Download or read book A Field Study of the Heat and Drought Tolerance of Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) as an Approach to Genetic Improvement written by Vincent Babatunde Ogunlela and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inheritance of Protein Content in Grain Sorghum, Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench by : Norman Durwayne Wilson
Download or read book Inheritance of Protein Content in Grain Sorghum, Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench written by Norman Durwayne Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Physiology of Lodging of Grain Sorghum by : Roderick James Chamberlin
Download or read book The Physiology of Lodging of Grain Sorghum written by Roderick James Chamberlin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological, Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Herbicide Resistance in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) by : Balaji Aravindhan Pandian
Download or read book Physiological, Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Herbicide Resistance in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor) written by Balaji Aravindhan Pandian and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] is a versatile crop with multiple uses, including for food, feed, and fuel. Postemergence (POST) grass weed control continues to be a major challenge in grain sorghum, primarily due to a lack of herbicide options registered for POST use. The 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- (e.g., mesotrione or tembotrione) and acetolactate synthase (ALS)- inhibitor (e.g., chlorsulfuron) herbicides are used for POST control of a broad-spectrum of weeds including grasses in corn and wheat but not in sorghum, due to crop injury. The development of herbicide-resistant sorghum technology to facilitate broad-spectrum POST weed control can be an economical and viable solution. Previously we have identified four sorghum genotypes, two each resistant to mesotrione (G-1 and G-10), tembotrione (G-200 and G-350) and, one susceptible genotype (S-1) from the sorghum association panel. Further, we found that the genotype S-1 is highly resistant to chlorsulfuron. The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) investigate the inheritance, mechanism, and identify genetic loci conferring resistance to mesotrione and tembotrione, 2) characterize, and investigate the inheritance and mechanism of resistance to chlorsulfuron in grain sorghum. To understand the inheritance of the mesotrione and tembotrione resistance, F1 and F2 progeny were generated by performing crosses using S-1 and G-1, G-10, G-200, or G-350. The F1 and F2 progeny were evaluated for their response to various doses of mesotrione and tembotrione treatment. Likewise, chlorsulfuron dose-response experiments were conducted using S-1 along with BTx623, a susceptible check and also F1 and F2 progeny were generated by crossing S-1 and BTx623. The results of genetic analyses of the F1 and F2 progeny demonstrated that the mesotrione resistance in G-1 and G-10 is a single dominant trait, and while the tembotrione resistance in G-200 and G-350 is a partially dominant polygenic trait. Further, sequencing of HPPD gene, the molecular target of mesotrione and tembotrione in the resistant genotypes, revealed no mutations known to bestow resistance. Additionally, the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in metabolizing mesotrione and tembotrione, using CYP-inhibitors, malathion and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was also assessed. The results indicated a significant reduction in biomass accumulation in sorghum plants pre-treated with malathion or PBO, suggesting the involvement of CYPs in the metabolism of mesotrione and tembotrione. Bulk segregation analysis combined with RNA-Seq (BSR-seq) was used to identify the genomic region associated with mesotrione resistance; however, the sequence analyses was unable to map the resistance gene within a smaller interval. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) based quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed three QTLs associated with tembotrione resistance in G-200. The results of the chlorsulfuron dose-response assay indicated that S-1 and F1 progeny were ~20-fold, more resistant to chlorsulfuron relative to BTx623. Segregation of F2 progeny into 3:1 (resistance: susceptibility), suggested that chlorsulfuron resistance in S-1 is a single dominant trait. Sequence analysis of the ALS gene, the molecular target of chlorsulfuron from S-1 revealed no mutations that confer resistance to chlorsulfuron; however, a significant reduction in biomass accumulation was found in plants pre-treated with malathion, indicating that the metabolism of chlorsulfuron contributes to resistance in S-1. Overall, the results of this dissertation provide opportunities to develop herbicide-resistant sorghum hybrids via introgression, which can help effective, POST weed management.
Book Synopsis Genetic Trasformation of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) for Abiotic Stress Tolerance Using Annexin Gene by : K. Prabhakara Rao
Download or read book Genetic Trasformation of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) for Abiotic Stress Tolerance Using Annexin Gene written by K. Prabhakara Rao and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Grain Sorghum for Physiological and Yield Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance by :
Download or read book Characterization of Grain Sorghum for Physiological and Yield Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fourth most important cereal crop grown throughout the semi-arid regions of the world. It is a staple food crop in Africa and Asia, while it is an important feed crop in the United States (US). More recently it is increasingly becoming important as a potential bioenergy feedstock crop around the world. The state of Kansas is the largest producer of grain sorghum in the US and contributes 40% of the total production. Drought is one of the major environmental factors limiting sorghum production in the semi-arid regions of the US, Asia and Africa. It is estimated that global crop losses due to drought stress exceed $10 billion annually. In crop production, drought stress can be classified into pre- or post-flowering. Even though the world collections of sorghum contain over 35,000 accessions, the genetic base currently used in breeding programs is very small (about 3%). Thus, it is important to identify diverse breeding lines for crop improvement. The diversity (association) panel consisting of 300 sorghum lines from all over the world was assembled for trait evaluation and association mapping. In this research these lines were grouped into the five major races (Figure 1) and 10 intermediate races of sorghum. The objectives of the research are to: (i) quantify the performance of the diversity panel under field conditions in Kansas, (ii) identify critical physiological traits affected by drought at both pre- and post-flowering stages of sorghum development, (iii) identify the most sensitive stage to drought stress during the reproductive phase of sorghum development and, (iv) test the feasibility of using a chlorophyll fluorescence assay (CVA) as a tool for identifying stay-green lines in grain sorghum during early stages of crop development. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 in two locations in Kansas (Manhattan and Hays) under rain fed and irrigated conditions for the association panel. Objectives (iii) and (iv) were achieved with controlled environment experiments conducted in the greenhouse at the agronomy department, Kansas State University in 2006 and 2007. Results showed that there was large genetic variability among and within different races in the diversity panel for growth, physiological traits and yield components. Some genotypes showed yield stability across the different environments that were investigated. Drought significantly decreased seed number and harvest index across genotypes and races. In grain sorghum the period prior to flowering (panicle initiation) was the most sensitive stage to drought stress, in terms of its effect on seed-set, during reproductive development. A cell viability assay showed that there were significant differences in the loss of cell viability between leaf sample of stay green and non-stay green genotypes when leaf samples are collected in the morning and subjected to high respiratory demand. Therefore the chlorophyll fluorescence assay has potential as a tool for stay green trait screening at early stages of growth in grain sorghum.
Book Synopsis Genetic Enhancement of Rabi Sorghum by : Sanjana Reddy
Download or read book Genetic Enhancement of Rabi Sorghum written by Sanjana Reddy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-28 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Enhancement of Rabi Sorghum – Adapting the Indian Durras presents both the historical background and the recent research done in breeding this important world crop for more global production. Its chapters cover topics in origin and taxonomy, morphology and breeding behavior, genetics, and cytogenetics, also looking at production, nutrition, and alternate uses. The durra race is Ethiopian in origin and its introgression with wild forms permitted adaptation to drier conditions. These have migrated and adapted to the currently known crop that is cultivated in the winter season and commonly called rabi sorghums. Grown under receding soil moisture conditions, rabi sorghums have tolerance to abiotic stresses apart from biotic stresses, unlike the rainy sorghums that are grown widely in the world. However, they must be more resilient to rapid changes in climate, for example. The variability from winter sorghums is being introgressed into rainy sorghums. With the yield plateaus reached and sorghum gaining importance as a food crop, this book will be of importance to those studying durras and their breeding. Presents both the historical background and most recent research done in breeding rabi sorghum for more global production Provides information on the adaptation of the crop and the ways it has migrated to the currently known crop, which is cultivated in winter season and commonly called as rabi sorghum Explores strategies for resilience as the crop must be prepared to withstand rapid and varying changes in climate
Book Synopsis Corn and Grain Sorghum Comparison by : Yared Assefa
Download or read book Corn and Grain Sorghum Comparison written by Yared Assefa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor L) are among the top cereal crops world wide, and both are key for global food security. Similarities between the two crops, particularly their adaptation for warm-season grain production, pose an opportunity for comparisons to inform appropriate cropping decisions. This book provides a comprehensive review of the similarities and differences between corn and grain sorghum. It compares corn and sorghum crops in areas such as morphology, physiology, phenology, yield, resource use and efficiency, and impact of both crops in different cropping systems. Producers, researchers and extension agents in search of reliable scientific information will find this in-depth comparison of crops with potential fit in dryland and irrigations cropping systems particularly valuable. Presents a wide range of points of comparison Offers important insights for crop decision making
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