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Infrastructure Coverage And The Poor
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Book Synopsis Infrastructure Coverage and the Poor by : Kristin Komives
Download or read book Infrastructure Coverage and the Poor written by Kristin Komives and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poor in most parts of the world may have electricity (especially in urban areas), but they rarely have water, sewer, and telephone services. When they gain access to local services, however, many do decide to connect.
Book Synopsis Infrastructure Coverage and the Poor by : Kristin Komives
Download or read book Infrastructure Coverage and the Poor written by Kristin Komives and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poor in most parts of the world may have electricity (especially in urban areas), but they rarely have water, sewer, and telephone services. When they gain access to local services, however, many do decide to connect.Komives, Whittington, and Wu use the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) surveys from 15 countries (covering more than 55,500 households) to examine the relationship between infrastructure coverage and household income. The results show that throughout the world all income groups have much higher levels of coverage for electricity than for other formal infrastructure services (in-house piped water service, sewerage service, and private telephone service).In many countries most households in urban areas now have electricity service. As monthly household incomes increase from $100 to $250, coverage of all these infrastructure services rises, but at different rates.The findings confirm that the very poor rarely have these infrastructure services - with exceptions. The very poor often do have electricity if they live in urban areas. The very poor in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have much higher levels of coverage than those elsewhere in the world; they often have electricity, water, sewer, and telephone services. The results also suggest that if the poor gain access to services in their communities, many will decide to connect.This paper - a product of the Private Provision of Public Services Group, Private Sector Advisory Services Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to identify ways of improving services to the poor through private participation in infrastructure. Preparation of the paper was supported by the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, a multidonor technical assistance facility aimed at helping developing countries improve the quality of their infrastructure through private sector involvement. For more information on the facility see the Web site www.ppiaf.org.
Book Synopsis Infrastructure for Poor People by : Penelope J. Brook
Download or read book Infrastructure for Poor People written by Penelope J. Brook and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades many governments have allowed private companies to offer infrastructure services which were previously provided only by state-owned businesses. In some cases they have privatized state-owned business and in others, they have permitted private firms to invest in and operate those businesses under lease contracts or long-term concessions. In still other instances, private firms have been allowed to compete alongside former government monopolists. 'Infrastructure for Poor People' examines the data on infrastructure and the poor in developing countries, and discusses how policies, centered on private provision, can address their needs. It focuses on the design of government policy for the provision of infrastructure services by private firms, highlighting the rules determining which firms can sell infrastructure services, the prices they can charge, the quality of service they must offer, and any subsidies provided by the government.
Book Synopsis Accounting for Poverty in Infrastructure Reform by : Antonio Estache
Download or read book Accounting for Poverty in Infrastructure Reform written by Antonio Estache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This book provides practical guidelines and options for infrastructure reform that result in access and affordability for the poor. It includes a new model for reform that consists of three main components - policies, regulation, and provision which when properly balanced minimize the risks associated with reform.
Book Synopsis Does Infrastructure Reform Work for the Poor? by : Vivien Foster
Download or read book Does Infrastructure Reform Work for the Poor? written by Vivien Foster and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1994 onward, Bolivia undertook a major reform of its infrastructure sectors. The authors examine the impact of the reforms from the perspective of poor households in the adjacent cities of La Paz and El Alto, particularly in terms of access to services. Different policies adopted across the infrastructure sectors led to diverging outcomes. In the water and sewerage sector, the concessionaire was placed under legal obligation to meet connection targets in low income neighborhoods, while customers were given the facility to spread payment of connection charges over a two year period and opt for a lower cost "condominial connection." As a result the rate of expansion of services increased by 70 percent relative to the pre-reform period. In the telecommunications sector, fixed and cellular services tell very different stories. On the one hand, fixed line services remained inaccessible to the poor due to the membership fee of US$1,500 charged by the cooperative, or the alternative nonmember option of paying a US$23 monthly rental fee. On the other hand, cellular coverage increased tenfold from 1996-99 as the advent of competition led to huge reductions both in connection and calling charges, while the introduction of prepayment cards greatly facilitated the control of expenditure The expansion that took place did not bypass the poor. While first quintile households saw barely any improvement in access to utility services in the period leading up to the 1994 reforms, in the five years that followed coverage rates for these households rose by more than 20 percentage points for water and sewerage, and more than 10 percentage points for electricity and telephones. Overall, 80 percent of new water and sewerage connections and 65 percent of new electricity and telephone connections went to residents in the poorest neighborhoods of La Paz and El Alto.
Book Synopsis Access to Basic Infrastructure by the Urban Poor by : Aurelio Menéndez
Download or read book Access to Basic Infrastructure by the Urban Poor written by Aurelio Menéndez and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents discussions on urban poverty issues in the developing countries of Latin America, Africa, and Asia related to the urban poor's access to basic infrastructure services. Basic infrastructure services are services that allow the urban poor to live under conditions that facilitate their income-generating activities so they can maintain a good nutritional level and participate in the normal activities of society. Services include housing, transportation, water, sanitation, solid waste disposal, and energy for cooking and lighting. In addition to discussing ways to improve the conditions of the poor in urban areas through the provision of basic infrastructure services, the workshop also laid the groundwork for follow-up regional senior policy seminars in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. While workshop participants did not attempt to conclude with formal policy recommendations, they did develop general areas of consensus. The focus of the workshop discussions were on the following concerns: financial issues; the role of nongovernmental organizations; the role of governments; and the relationship between nongovernmental organizations and the governments.
Book Synopsis Infrastructure and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa by : A. Estache
Download or read book Infrastructure and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa written by A. Estache and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrastructure and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa analyzes the extent to which, how, and how fast the infrastructure needs of the poor have been met in Sub-Saharan Africa. Estache and Wodon explore the extent to which some key policies have hurt or helped progress in trying to speed the expansions of coverage so clearly needed in the region. They focus on electricity, water, sanitation, and other services at the core of the day-to-day needs of the population, examining the extent to which reforms of the last 15-20 years have managed to reduce the infrastructure gap. They anchor their analysis on the evidence available about the macroeconomic importance of infrastructure for the region, the policies that have been adopted to accelerate coverage, and a detailed assessment of the poverty dimensions of infrastructure.
Book Synopsis Infrastructure for Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in Africa by : Afeikhena Jerome
Download or read book Infrastructure for Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in Africa written by Afeikhena Jerome and published by UN-HABITAT. This book was released on 2011 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth and poverty reduction in Africa. Examines complementary physical infrastructure: telecommunications, power, transport (roads, railways, ports and airports) and water supply. Explores Africa's infrastructure endowment and financing options.
Book Synopsis Emerging Infrastructure Policy Issues in Developing Countries by : Antonio Estache
Download or read book Emerging Infrastructure Policy Issues in Developing Countries written by Antonio Estache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Estache reviews the recent economic research on emerging issues for infrastructure policies affecting poor people in developing countries. His main purpose is to identify some of the challenges the international community, and donors in particular, are likely to have to address over the next few years. He addresses six main issues: (1) the necessity of infrastructure in achieving the Millennium Development Goals; (2) the various dimensions of financing challenges for infrastructure; (3) the debate on the relative importance of urban and rural infrastructure needs; (4) the debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure decentralization; (5) what works and what does not when trying to target the needs of the poor, with an emphasis on affordability and regulation challenges; and (6) the importance of governance and corruption in the sector. The author concludes by showing how the challenges identified define a relatively well integrated agenda for both researchers and the international infrastructure community. This paper,a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network,is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate more analytical assessments of emerging issues in the sector"--World Bank web site.
Download or read book World Development Report 1994 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.
Book Synopsis Do Rural Infrastructure Investments Benefit the Poor? by : Jocelyn A. Songco
Download or read book Do Rural Infrastructure Investments Benefit the Poor? written by Jocelyn A. Songco and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Innovations in Insuring the Poor by : Ruth Vargas Hill
Download or read book Innovations in Insuring the Poor written by Ruth Vargas Hill and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2010-01-22 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk and poverty are inextricably linked. Susceptibility to risk is a defining feature of what it means to be poor. Poor people often live in environments characterized by high weather and disease risk, and it is poor households that have the fewest tools to deal with drought, floods, and disease when they occur. Breaking the link between risk and poverty by insuring poor people both lessens the affliction of poverty and allows poor people to participate in income growth. This set of briefs considers how to increase the tools available to poor households to manage agricultural and health risks. The focus is how to develop insurance markets, along with other financial instruments such as credit, savings, and social protection policies. The series does not document the proven impact of insurance markets for the welfare of poor people; rather, it brings together briefs written by businesspeople, policymakers, and researchers that document innovations, lessons learned, and areas of future work and action.
Book Synopsis Does Infrastructure Reform Work for the Poor? by : Vivien Foster
Download or read book Does Infrastructure Reform Work for the Poor? written by Vivien Foster and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reforming Infrastructure by : Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides
Download or read book Reforming Infrastructure written by Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, railways, and water supply, are often vertically and horizontally integrated state monopolies. This results in weak services, especially in developing and transition economies, and for poor people. Common problems include low productivity, high costs, bad quality, insufficient revenue, and investment shortfalls. Many countries over the past two decades have restructured, privatized and regulated their infrastructure. This report identifies the challenges involved in this massive policy redirection. It also assesses the outcomes of these changes, as well as their distributional consequences for poor households and other disadvantaged groups. It recommends directions for future reforms and research to improve infrastructure performance, identifying pricing policies that strike a balance between economic efficiency and social equity, suggesting rules governing access to bottleneck infrastructure facilities, and proposing ways to increase poor people's access to these crucial services.
Book Synopsis Water, Electricity, and the Poor by : Kristin Komives
Download or read book Water, Electricity, and the Poor written by Kristin Komives and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the prevalence and variants of consumer subsidies found in the developing world and the effectiveness of these subsidies for the poor. It places consumer subsidies in a broader social protection framework and compares them with poverty-focused programmes in other sectors using a common metric. It concludes that the most common subsidy instruments perform poorly in comparison with most other transfer mechanisms. Alternative consumption and connection subsidy mechanisms show more promise, especially when combined with complementary non-price approaches to making utility services accessible and affordable to poor households. The many factors contributing to those outcomes are dissected, identifying those that can be controlled and used to improve performance.
Book Synopsis Care Without Coverage by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Care Without Coverage written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-06-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Americans believe that people who lack health insurance somehow get the care they really need. Care Without Coverage examines the real consequences for adults who lack health insurance. The study presents findings in the areas of prevention and screening, cancer, chronic illness, hospital-based care, and general health status. The committee looked at the consequences of being uninsured for people suffering from cancer, diabetes, HIV infection and AIDS, heart and kidney disease, mental illness, traumatic injuries, and heart attacks. It focused on the roughly 30 million-one in seven-working-age Americans without health insurance. This group does not include the population over 65 that is covered by Medicare or the nearly 10 million children who are uninsured in this country. The main findings of the report are that working-age Americans without health insurance are more likely to receive too little medical care and receive it too late; be sicker and die sooner; and receive poorer care when they are in the hospital, even for acute situations like a motor vehicle crash.
Book Synopsis Access to Utilities by the Poor by : Kristin Komives
Download or read book Access to Utilities by the Poor written by Kristin Komives and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
