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Author : Joseph J. Miceli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Infrared Gradient Index Optics written by Joseph J. Miceli and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anthony J.. Yee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Mid-wave and Long-wave Infrared Gradient-index Optics written by Anthony J.. Yee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The availability of more affordable, high resolution, infrared detector arrays has opened up the need for a larger set of infrared materials. As the demand for detectors increases, and the resolution increases, better optics are needed that can be manufactured in larger quantities. This has created a renewed interest in chalcogenide glasses as they can be molded for inexpensive high volume production. Their transmission also spans from 1-14 ?m, which covers the spectrum of all the different infrared detectors. They can also be diffused together to make gradient-index (GRIN) lenses that have unique dispersion as compared to homogeneous materials. Dispersion is a key parameter to optical designers for creating better designs. When fabricating a GRIN material, the ability to test and characterize its properties, such as chromatic dispersion, is essential. This has prompted the need and development of an infrared Mach-Zehnder interferometer for relative index of refraction measurements of GRIN materials. In this thesis, two Mach-Zehnder interferometers have been developed to measure the relative index of refraction at wavelengths defined by the transmission bands of the atmosphere, between 1.064 ?m to 4.605 ?m and 9.2 ?m to 11.34 ?m. These wavelengths span the full mid-wave (1-5 ?m) and long-wave (8-12 ?m) infrared transmission bands of the atmosphere, allowing for the characterization of any infrared materials that transmits between 1 to 12 ?m. With the two Mach-Zehnder interferometers fabricated, the optical dispersion of infrared GRIN materials is measured. The dispersion of four infrared GRIN materials is measured: ALON, ZnS-ZnSe, Ge-Si, and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) chalcogenide. These four materials comprise many of the GRIN infrared materials that have been developed over the past forty years. Next, design work utilizing infrared GRIN materials is explored, taking advantage of their multi-spectral transmission in the infrared, and showing their application for broadband color correction. A detailed material study is explored for NRL chalcogenide glasses. This study explores how they can be used in the infrared design space for improving optical designs. This work looks at singlet and doublet GRIN options, searching for a design to fabricate. The study also explores the option of using the NRL chalcogenide GRIN as an athermalized singlet. Due to the unique thermal properties, multiple options for athermalized singlets are possible. Finally, a discrete zoom design study is explored from first order starting equations to a full optical design. An analysis of the different discrete zoom geometries within literature is explored and two are chosen for exploration. The first order equations for the two geometries are calculated and analyzed. These geometries are chosen for their simplicity and typical usage in applications. A literature search did not find any starting equations, which is why they had to be derived. The derived equations are then used as starting points for an optical design study, while also proving the validity of the equations."--Pages xi-xii.
Author : Anthony Visconti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Design and Fabrication of Large Diameter Gradient-index Lenses for Dual-band Visible to Short-wave Infrared Imaging Applications written by Anthony Visconti and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The fabrication of gradient-index (GRIN) optical elements is quite challenging, which has traditionally restricted their use in many imaging systems; consequently, commercial-level GRIN components usually exist in one particular market or niche application space. One such fabrication technique, ion exchange, is a well-known process used in the chemical strengthening of glass, the fabrication of waveguide devices, and the production of small diameter GRIN optical relay systems. However, the manufacturing of large diameter ion-exchanged GRIN elements has historically been limited by long diffusion times. For example, the diffusion time for a 20 mm diameter radial GRIN lens in commercially available ion exchange glass for small diameter relays, is on the order of a year. The diffusion time can be dramatically reduced by addressing three key ion exchange process parameters; the composition of the glass, the diffusion temperature, and the composition of the salt bath. Experimental work throughout this thesis aims to (1) scale up the ion exchange diffusion process to 20 mm diameters for a fast-diffusing titania silicate glass family in both (2) sodium ion for lithium ion (Na+ for Li+) and lithium ion for sodium ion (Li+ for Na+) exchange directions, while (3) utilizing manufacturing friendly salt bath compositions. In addition, optical design studies have demonstrated that an important benefit of gradient-index elements in imaging systems is the added degree of freedom introduced with a gradient's optical power. However, these studies have not investigated the potential usefulness of GRIN materials in dual-band visible to short-wave infrared (vis-SWIR) imaging systems. The unique chromatic properties of the titania silicate ion exchange glass become a significant degree of freedom in the design process for these color-limited, broadband imaging applications. A single GRIN element can replace a cemented doublet or even a cemented triplet, without loss in overall system performance. In this work, a polychromatic vis-SWIR gradient-index design model is constructed based on the homogeneous material properties of the titania silicate ion exchange glass. This model is verified by measuring the dispersion of fabricated GRIN profiles across the vis-SWIR spectrum. Finally, the polychromatic GRIN design model is implemented into commercial design software and several design studies are presented which validate the beneficial chromatic properties of the titania silicate GRIN material. In addition, system-level tolerancing with gradient-index elements is a largely unexplored area. This work introduces new methods and techniques for incorporating GRIN manufacturing errors directly into the design and tolerancing analysis of a multi-element optical system. These methods allow for the optical engineer to utilize manufacturable GRIN profiles throughout the design process and to better predict the final performance of an as-built system. Based on these techniques, a true design-for-manufacture high-performance eyepiece, utilizing a spherical gradient-index element, is designed, toleranced, and commissioned for build."--Pages viii-ix.
Author : C. Gomez-Reino
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662047411
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Gradient-Index Optics written by C. Gomez-Reino and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and thorough treatment on fundamentals and applications of light propagation through inhomogeneous media. The authors present a description of the phenomena, components and technology used in GRIN Optics, and analyze various applications.
Author : Laurie A. Scheffel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (245 download)
Download or read book Dispersion Measurements of Infrared Gradient Index Materials written by Laurie A. Scheffel and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James Anthony Corsetti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Design of ZnS/ZnSe Gradient-index Lenses in the Mid-wave Infrared and Design, Fabrication, and Thermal Metrology of Polymer Radial Gradient-Index Lenses written by James Anthony Corsetti and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gradient-index (GRIN) materials are ones for which the index of refraction varies as a function of spatial coordinate within an optical element. The radial GRIN is a specific instance where the isoindicial surfaces, or surface of constant index of refraction, exist as concentric cylinders centered upon the optical axis. The variation of the index of refraction as a function of lens aperture yields a second source of optical power in the element with the first coming from the lens' surface curvatures. This fact, coupled with the chromatic variation of the GRIN profile, provides the optical designer with additional degrees of freedom as compared to a traditional homogeneous lens, most notably in the pursuit of correcting chromatic aberration. This thesis explores a number of topics related to the design, manufacture, and testing of radial GRIN elements. Such elements are used in a series of design studies, the first on the application of the crystalline ZnS/ZnSe GRIN material to the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) waveband between 3 and 5 m and the second to a copolymer GRIN of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene over the visible spectrum. In both cases, GRIN singlets are seen to act as achromats over their respective wavebands. A series of zoom lens design studies are presented in which the GRIN designs consistently offer superior color correction and imaging performance over homogeneous designs of the same number of elements. Efforts to fabricate the PMMA/polystyrene radial GRIN are presented. For this purpose, a centrifugal force method is employed whereby both MMA and styrene monomer are rapidly rotated in a temperature-controlled environment. As copolymerization occurs, the spinning of the sample causes the isoindicial surfaces to take on a cylindrical shape. Process challenges including monomer-to-polymer volume reduction and haze are both presented along with a discussion of the fabricated radial samples. A profile manufactured in this way is modeled as part of the aforementioned zoom lens studies in CODEVʼ to determine the sensitivity of the design space to the GRIN profile shape. When designing any optical system, it is important to know how that system will behave with a change in temperature. In order to answer that, two key material parameters are defined: (1) the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) which dictates how much a material expands or contracts with a temperature change and (2) the temperature-dependent refractive index (dn/dT) which determines how the index of refraction changes. A series of computer models are presented for the purpose of determining how a radial GRIN element is affected by a given temperature change. Analogous to it being possible to achromatize a single radial GRIN element, modeling work shows that it is also possible to athermalize such an element. Finally, an interferometric system is presented for the purpose of measuring both the CTE and dn/dT of a sample simultaneously. The system operates by tracking changes in optical path difference between the sample and background as a function of temperature in order to carry out these measurements. Results on a number of samples including steel, ZrO2, CaF2, Zerodur, Sapphire, and a series of PMMA/polystyrene copolymers are presented.
Author : Duncan T. Moore
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Selected Papers on Gradient-index Optics written by Duncan T. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Erich Merchand
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323160662
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)
Download or read book Gradient Index Optics written by Erich Merchand and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gradient Index Optics deals with the application of gradients in optical systems of classical types: gradient index lenses. The emphasis is on the theory and practice related to gradient index lenses. Only isotropic media are considered since they are the ones for which the refractive index at each point is independent of direction. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with a historical background on the use of gradients in astronomy and developments in gradient index lenses, along with the underlying basic theory. The discussion then turns to spherical gradients, paying particular attention to rays, Maxwell's fisheye lens, the Luneburg lens, and astronomical refraction. Subsequent chapters focus on the ray trace in a spherical gradient; axial gradients and their use as an anti-reflection coating; radial gradients and ray tracing in a radial gradient; and fundamentals of aberration theory. The wood lens and ray trace in a general medium are also considered, together with methods for fabrication of gradient elements and measurement of index gradients using an approximate method and interferometric methods. This monograph will be of interest to physicists.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (721 download)
Download or read book Festschrift zur Feier d. 25j. Bestehens ihrer Kirche am 31. 10. 1919 written by and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Max J. Riedl
Publisher : SPIE Press
ISBN 13 : 9780819440518
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (45 download)
Download or read book Optical Design Fundamentals for Infrared Systems written by Max J. Riedl and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practical, popular 1995 tutorial has been thoroughly revised and updated, reflecting developments in technology and applications during the past decade. New chapters address wave aberrations, thermal effects, design examples, and diamond turning.
Author : Allen Mann
Publisher : SPIE Press
ISBN 13 : 9780819435101
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Infrared Optics and Zoom Lenses written by Allen Mann and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Tutorial Text is an outgrowth of the author's short course of the same title. It is intended as an introduction to readers unfamiliar with infrared zoom lenses, and as an aid to the practising engineer pursuing a related application. The first three chapters introduce the principles of optics and the unique aspects of the infrared region of the wavelength spectrum, with related optical design techniques addressed in Chapter 4. Chapters 5 through 8 present material unique to the subject of zoom lenses in the infrared. The appendix contains three landmark infrared zoom lens patents in their entirety, providing lens prescription data and a starting point for future design activity, in addition to the author's computer analysis of the three patents.
Author : Allen Mann
Publisher : SPIE Press
ISBN 13 : 0819476676
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (194 download)
Download or read book Infrared Optics and Zoom Lenses written by Allen Mann and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years after the publication of Infrared Optics and Zoom Lenses, this text is still the only current publication devoted exclusively to infrared zoom lenses. This updated second edition includes 18 new refractive and reflective infrared zoom systems, bringing the total number of infrared zoom optical systems to 41 systems. Other additions include a section on focal plane arrays and a new closing chapter specifically devoted to applications of infrared zoom lenses. Coverage of wavelength region has been expanded to include the near infrared. Additional topics include an examination of the importance of principal planes, methods for athermalization by means of computer glass substitution, and global optimization techniques for zoom lens design.
Author : Pierpaolo Boffi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540433147
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Infrared Holography for Optical Communications written by Pierpaolo Boffi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to exploit the advantages of holographic technology, in order to implement optical devices for infrared fibre communication applications. It covers methods ranging from two-lambda to gated recording techniques.
Author : Michael Bass
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071629254
Total Pages : 1251 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (716 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume I: Geometrical and Physical Optics, Polarized Light, Components and Instruments(set) written by Michael Bass and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource available Prepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to the fundamentals of the discipline and its greatest minds. Individual chapters are written by the world's most renowned experts who explain, illustrate, and solve the entire field of optics. Each volume contains a complete chapter listing for the entire Handbook, extensive chapter glossaries, and a wealth of references. This pioneering work offers unprecedented coverage of optics data, techniques, and applications. Volume I covers geometrical and physical optics, polarized light, components, and instruments.
Author : Paul Klocek
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351838326
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Infrared Optical Materials written by Paul Klocek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes a comprehensive presentation of the fundamental physics of optical matter, the definition of material physical properties, the listing and comparison of the physical properties of infrared optical materials, and the theory, design, and survey of infrared optical coatings.
Author : Zoran Jakšić
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319096745
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Micro and Nanophotonics for Semiconductor Infrared Detectors written by Zoran Jakšić and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of microelectromechanic system (MEMS) technologies and nanotechnologies has resulted in a multitude of structures and devices with ultra compact dimensions and with vastly enhanced or even completely novel properties. In the field of photonics it resulted in the appearance of new paradigms, including photonic crystals that exhibit photonic bandgap and represent an optical analog of semiconductors and metamaterials that have subwavelength features and may have almost arbitrary values of effective refractive index, including those below zero. In addition to that, a whole new field of plasmonics appeared, dedicated to the manipulation with evanescent, surface-bound electromagnetic waves and offering an opportunity to merge nanoelectronics with all-optical circuitry. In the field of infrared technologies MEMS and nanotechnologies ensured the appearance of a new generation of silicon-based thermal detectors with properties vastly surpassing the conventional thermal devices. However, another family of infrared detectors, photonic devices based on narrow-bandgap semiconductors, has traditionally been superior to thermal detectors. Literature about their micro and nanophotonic enhancement has been scarce and scattered through journals. This book offers the first systematic approach to numerous different MEMS and nanotechnology-based methods available for the improvement of photonic infrared detectors and points out to a path towards uncooled operation with the performance of cryogenically cooled devices. It is shown that a vast area for enhancement does exists and that photonic devices can readily keep their leading position in infrared detection. The various methods and approaches described in the book are also directly applicable to different other types of photodetectors like solar cells, often with little or no modification.
Author : Marvin J. Weber
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849335075
Total Pages : 856 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (35 download)
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology Supplement 2 written by Marvin J. Weber and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-12-28 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology: Supplement 2, experts summarize the discovery and properties of new optical materials that have appeared since the publication of Volumes III-V. Included are the latest advances in optical crystals, glasses and plastics, laser host materials, phase conjugation materials, linear electrooptic materials, nonlinear optical materials, magnetooptic materials, elastooptic materials, photorefractive materials, liquid crystals, and thin film coatings. The book also includes expanded coverage of optical waveguide materials and new sections on optical liquids, glass fiber lasers, diamond optics, and gradient index materials. Appendices include Designation of Russian Optical Glasses; Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Mineralogical or Common Names for Optical Materials; and Abbreviations for Methods of Preparing Optical Materials. Extensive tabulations of materials properties with references to the primary literature are provided throughout the supplement. The CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology: Supplement 2 represents the latest volume in the most comprehensive, up-to-date listing of the properties of optical materials for lasers and laser systems, making it an essential reference work for all scientists and engineers working in laser research and development.
