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Information Processing And Decision Making
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Book Synopsis Information Processing and Decision Making by : William Carl Howell
Download or read book Information Processing and Decision Making written by William Carl Howell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1982. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Cognitive Ecology written by Reuven Dukas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1998-07-06 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Ecology lays the foundations for a field of study that integrates theory and data from evolutionary ecology and cognitive science to investigate how animal interactions with natural habitats shape cognitive systems, and how constraints imposed on nervous systems limit or bias animal behavior. Using critical literature reviews and theoretical models, the contributors provide new insights and raise novel questions about the adaptive design of specific brain capacities and about optimal behavior subject to the computational capabilities of brains.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Human Development by : Neil J. Salkind
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Human Development written by Neil J. Salkind and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2005-10-14 with total page 1617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of human development focuses on the growth and development of the human being including physical, social, psychological, and emotional development. Under the broad umbrella of the term human development you find countless topics that range from charting the emotional attachment of an infant to his or her parents and its long-term effects on well-being, media violence and adolescents′ behavior, or factors moderating the natural decline in physical and mental abilities associated with aging. The Encyclopedia of Human Development is the first comprehensive, authoritative, and informative reference work that presents state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts from the fields of psychology, individual and family studies, and education in a way that is not too technical. With more than 600 entries, this three-volume Encyclopedia covers topics as diverse as adolescence, cognitive development, education, family, gender differences, identity, longitudinal research, personality development, prenatal development, temperament, and more. Key Features Provides cross-disciplinary coverage, with contributions from experts in the fields of psychology, education, human development and family studies, and gerontology Highlights classic studies and theories and provides brief biographies of notable researchers and theorists Takes a lifespan approach by including several "anchor essays" that cover specific phases of development such as prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, early and middle adulthood, later adulthood and aging Begins with an Introduction that details the scope, rationale, and audience for the work The cross-disciplinary field of human development is one that captures interest among and holds practical relevance for the general public as well as academia, therefore this engaging Encyclopedia will be a welcome addition to any academic or public library.
Book Synopsis Human Information Processing by : Peter H. Lindsay
Download or read book Human Information Processing written by Peter H. Lindsay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Information Processing: An Introduction to Psychology, Second Edition, was written to reflect recent developments, as well as anticipate new directions, in this flourishing field. The ideas of human information processing are relevant to all human activities, most especially those of human interactions. The book discusses all the traditional areas and then goes beyond: consciousness, states of awareness, multiple levels of processing (and of awareness), interpersonal communication, emotion, and stress. The book begins with an introduction to some of the more interesting phenomena of perception and poses some of the puzzles faced by those who would attempt to unravel the structures. Separate chapters cover the systems of most interest for human communication: the visual system and the auditory system; the structure of the nervous system; and the systems of memory: sensory information storage, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Subsequent chapters deal with the different aspects of memory, including show how memory is used in thought, in language, and in decision making. Also examined are the neurological basis of memory and the representation of knowledge within memory.
Book Synopsis The Information Processing Theory of Organization by : John L. Kmetz
Download or read book The Information Processing Theory of Organization written by John L. Kmetz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998, revised in 2021, this volume develops and tests an information-processing model of organization, within the context of the accession of a new generation of a production technology. The model conceptualizes organizations as systems which accomplish their objectives through the processing of information. The book begins with the conceptual basis of the theory, developing the fundamental concepts of information, information processing, and technology. The accession of an automatic avionics tester during the 1970s and 1980s is the change in production technology used to test the theory. The theory is tested by mapping and analysing performance with a three-wave longitudinal field experiment and objective performance measures in the workflow of a very complex system, the U.S. Navy’s avionics maintenance organization. The information processing capacity of the system is shown to be the primary determinant of system performance, with or without the use of information technology. Additional support for the theory comes from newer test and information technologies deployed in the 1980s and 1990s. Implications of this theory for current generations of test technology are provided in the final chapters, along with further development of the theory and its general application to many types of organizations.
Book Synopsis The Adaptive Decision Maker by : John W. Payne
Download or read book The Adaptive Decision Maker written by John W. Payne and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-05-28 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Adaptive Decision Maker argues that people use a variety of strategies to make judgments and choices. The authors introduce a model that shows how decision makers balance effort and accuracy considerations and predicts which strategy a person will use in a given situation. A series of experiments testing the model are presented, and the authors analyse how the model can lead to improved decisions and opportunities for further research.
Book Synopsis Career Development, Employment, and Disability in Rehabilitation by : David R. Strauser
Download or read book Career Development, Employment, and Disability in Rehabilitation written by David R. Strauser and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Print+CourseSmart
Book Synopsis Emotion and Information Processing by : Sachi Nandan Mohanty
Download or read book Emotion and Information Processing written by Sachi Nandan Mohanty and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of thirteen chapters covering many facts like psycho-social intervention on emotional disorders in individuals, impact of emotion and cognition on blended theory, theory and implication of information processing, effects of emotional self esteem in women, emotional dimension of women in workplace, effects of mental thinking in different age groups irrespective of the gender, negative emotions and its effect on information processing, role of emotions in education and lastly emotional analysis in multi perspective domain adopting machine learning approach. Most of the chapters having experimental studies, with each experiment having different constructs as well as different samples for each data collection. Most of the studies measure information processing within altered mood states, such as depression, anxiety, or positive emotional states, with mental ability tasks being conducted in addition to the experiments of quasi-experimental design.
Book Synopsis Career Counseling and Services by : James P. Sampson
Download or read book Career Counseling and Services written by James P. Sampson and published by Brooks Cole. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to help practitioners in translating theory to practice in the delivery of career counseling and services. The theoretical focus of the book is the cognitive information processing (CIP) approach to career problem solving and decision-making developed and applied at Florida State University since 1971. The CIP approach is currently being used in numerous educational and employment settings in North America and Europe. This book is the culmination of 29 years of experience in delivering career resources and services and in training practitioners in various settings. It provides a framework for integrating a variety of other career theories, thus increasing the likelihood that practitioners can use the CIP approach in practice.
Book Synopsis Analyzing the Role of Cognitive Biases in the Decision-Making Process by : Juárez Ramos, Verónica
Download or read book Analyzing the Role of Cognitive Biases in the Decision-Making Process written by Juárez Ramos, Verónica and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision making or making judgments is an essential function in the ordinary life of any individual. Decisions can often be made easily, but sometimes, it can be difficult due to conflict, uncertainty, or ambiguity of the variables required to make the decision. As human beings, we constantly have to decide between different activities such as occupational, recreational, political, economic, etc. These decisions can be transcendental or inconsequential. Analyzing the Role of Cognitive Biases in the Decision-Making Process presents comprehensive research focusing on cognitive shortcuts in the decision-making process. While highlighting topics including jumping to conclusion bias, personality traits, and theoretical models, this book is ideally designed for mental health professionals, psychologists, sociologists, managers, academicians, researchers, and upper-level students seeking current research on cognitive biases that affect individual decision making in daily life.
Book Synopsis Modern Information Processing by : Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier
Download or read book Modern Information Processing written by Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume "Modern Information Processing: From Theory to Applications," edited by Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier, Giulianella Coletti and Ronald Yager, is a collection of carefully selected papers drawn from the program of IPMU'04, which was held in Perugia, Italy. The book represents the cultural policy of IPMU conference which is not focused on narrow range of methodologies, but on the contrary welcomes all the theories for the management of uncertainty and aggregation of information in intelligent systems, providing a medium for the exchange of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners in these and related areas. The book is composed by 7 sections: UNCERTAINTY PREFERENCES CLASSIFICATION AND DATA MINING AGGREGATION AND MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION •The book contributes to enhancement of our ability to deal effectively with uncertainty in all of its manifestations. •The book can help to build brigs among theories and methods methods for the management of uncertainty. •The book addresses issues which have a position of centrality in our information-centric world. •The book presents interesting results devoted to representing knowledge: the goal is to capture the subtlety of human knowledge (richness) and to allow computer manipulation (formalization). •The book contributes to the goal: an efficient use of the information for a good decision strategy. APPLIED DOMAINS · The book contributes to enhancement of our ability to deal effectively with uncertainty in all of its manifestations. · The book can help to build brigs among theories and methods methods for the management of uncertainty. · The book addresses issues which have a position of centrality in our information-centric world. · The book presents interesting results devoted to representing knowledge: the goal is to capture the subtlety of human knowledge (richness) and to allow computer manipulation (formalization). · The book contributes to the goal: an efficient use of the information for a good decision strategy.
Book Synopsis Group Creativity by : Paul B. Paulus
Download or read book Group Creativity written by Paul B. Paulus and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creativity often leads to the development of original ideas that are useful or influential, and maintaining creativity is crucial for the continued development of organizations in particular and society in general. Most research and writing has focused on individual creativity. Yet, in recent years there has been an increasing acknowledgment of the importance of the social and contextual factors in creativity. Even with the information explosion and the growing necessity for specialization, the development of innovations still requires group interaction at various stages in the creative process. Most organizations increasingly rely on the work of creative teams where each individual is an expert in a particular area. This volume summarizes the exciting new research developments on the processes involved in group creativity and innovation, and explores the relationship between group processes, group context, and creativity. It draws from a broad range of research perspectives, including those investigating cognition, groups, creativity, information systems, and organizational psychology. These different perspectives have been brought together in one volume in order to focus attention on this developing literature and its implications for theory and application. The chapters in this volume are organized into two sections. The first focuses on how group decision making is affected by factors such as cognitive fixation and flexibility, group diversity, minority dissent, group decision-making, brainstorming, and group support systems. Special attention is devoted to the various processes and conditions that can inhibit or facilitate group creativity. The second section explores how various contextual and environmental factors affect the creative processes of groups. The chapters explore issues of group autonomy, group socialization, mentoring, team innovation, knowledge transfer, and creativity at the level of cultures and societies. The research presented in this section makes it clear that a full understanding of group creativity cannot be accomplished without adequate attention to the group environment. It will be a useful source of information for scholars, practitioners, and students wishing to understand and facilitate group creativity.
Book Synopsis Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making by : Derek J. Koehler
Download or read book Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making written by Derek J. Koehler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making is a state-of-the art overview of current topics and research in the study of how people make evaluations, draw inferences, and make decisions under conditions of uncertainty and conflict. Contains contributions by experts from various disciplines that reflect current trends and controversies on judgment and decision making. Provides a glimpse at the many approaches that have been taken in the study of judgment and decision making and portrays the major findings in the field. Presents examinations of the broader roles of social, emotional, and cultural influences on decision making. Explores applications of judgment and decision making research to important problems in a variety of professional contexts, including finance, accounting, medicine, public policy, and the law.
Book Synopsis Decision Making in Action by : Gary A. Klein
Download or read book Decision Making in Action written by Gary A. Klein and published by Ablex Publishing Corporation. This book was released on 1992-08-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the new perspective of naturalistic decision making. The point of departure is how people make decisions in complex, time-pressured, ambiguous, and changing environments. The purpose of this book is to present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making. The central philosophy of the book is that classical decision theory has been unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics. The contributors believe there is little to be learned from laboratory studies about how people actually handle difficult and interesting tasks; therefore, the book presents a critique of classical decision theory. The models of naturalistic decision making described by the contributors were derived to explain the behavior of firefighters, business people, jurors, nuclear power plant operators, and command-and-control officers. The models are unique in that they address the way people use experience to frame situations and adopt courses of action. The models explain the strengths of skilled decision makers. Naturalistic decision research requires the examination of field settings, and a section of the book covers methods for conducting meaningful research outside the laboratory. In addition, since his approach has applied value, the book covers issues of training and decision support systems.
Book Synopsis Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15 by : Suzanna Becker
Download or read book Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15 written by Suzanna Becker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 2002 Neural Information Processing Systems Conference.
Book Synopsis Efficient Cognition by : Armin W. Schulz
Download or read book Efficient Cognition written by Armin W. Schulz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that representational decision making is more cognitively efficient, allowing an organism to adjust more easily to changes in the environment. Many organisms (including humans) make decisions by relying on mental representations. Not simply a reaction triggered by perception, representational decision making employs high-level, non-perceptual mental states with content to manage interactions with the environment. A person making a decision based on mental representations, for example, takes a step back from her perceptions at the time to assess the nature of the world she lives in. But why would organisms rely on representational decision making, and what evolutionary benefits does this reliance provide to the decision maker? In Efficient Cognition, Armin Schulz argues that representational decision making can be more cognitively efficient than non-representational decision making. Specifically, he shows that a key driver in the evolution of representational decision making is that mental representations can enable an organism to save cognitive resources and adjust more efficiently to changed environments. After laying out the foundations of his argument—clarifying the central questions, the characterization of representational decision making, and the relevance of an evidential form of evolutionary psychology—Schulz presents his account of the evolution of representational decision making and critically considers some of the existing accounts of the subject. He then applies his account to three open questions concerning the nature of representational decision making: the extendedness of decision making, and when we should expect cognition to extend into the environment; the specialization of decision making and the use of simple heuristics; and the psychological sources of altruistic behaviors.
Book Synopsis Information Processing in Motor Control and Learning by : George E. Stelmach
Download or read book Information Processing in Motor Control and Learning written by George E. Stelmach and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information Processing in Motor Control and Learning provides the theoretical ideas and experimental findings in the field of motor behavior research.
