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Influence Of Steam Injection And Water In Oil Emulsions On Diesel Fuel Combustion Performance
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Book Synopsis Influence of Steam Injection and Water-in-oil Emulsions on Diesel Fuel Combustion Performance by : Meagan Sung
Download or read book Influence of Steam Injection and Water-in-oil Emulsions on Diesel Fuel Combustion Performance written by Meagan Sung and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water injection can be an effective strategy for reducing NO[subscript x] because water's high specific heat allows it to absorb heat and lower system temperatures. Introducing water as an emulsion can potentially be more effective at reducing emissions than steam injection due to physical properties (such as microexplosions) that can improve atomization and increase mixing. Unfortunately, the immiscibility of emulsions makes them difficult to work with so they must be mixed properly. In this effort, a method for adequately mixing surfactant-free emulsions was established and verified using high speed cinematography. As the water to fuel mass ratio (W/F) increased, emulsion atomization tests showed little change in droplet size and spray angle, but a shorter overall breakup point. Dual-wavelength planar laser induced fluorescence (D-PLIF) patternation showed an increase in water near the center of the spray. Steam injection flames saw little change in reaction stability, but emulsion flames experienced significant losses in stability that limited reaction operability at higher W/F. Emulsions were more effective at reducing NO[subscript x] than steam injection, likely because of liquid water's latent heat of vaporization and the strategic injection of water into the flame core. OH* chemiluminescence showed a decrease in heat release for both methods, though the decrease was greater for emulsions. Both methods saw decreases in flame length for W/F 0.10 and increases in length for W/F 0.15. Lastly, flame imaging showed a shift towards a redder appearance with the addition or more water, as well as a reduction in flame flares.
Book Synopsis Performance Combustion Characteristics and Exhaust Emission of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Water/Oil Emulsions as Fuel by : E. M. Afify
Download or read book Performance Combustion Characteristics and Exhaust Emission of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Water/Oil Emulsions as Fuel written by E. M. Afify and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A CLR single cylinder diesel engine is used to determine the effect of air content in the emulsified fuel on the performance, exhaust emissions and ignition delay of diesel engines. The experiments were conducted using diesel fuel no. 2 and JP-4 as baseline fuels and emulsions containing 15%, 30% and 45% water by volume. The air charge temperature was varied from 88 F to 302 F. The effects associated with use of the emulsions on performance, ignition delay and exhaust emissions were determined by making detailed measurements of fuel consumption, engine operating parameters and exhaust emissions. The results showed that slight improvement in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) was observed when emulsions with low water content were used at high speeds. For high water content emulsions, the BSFC increased. Heating the intake air increased the BSFC at high engine loads and slightly improved it at low engine loads. While the ignition delay was found to increase with the increase of the water percentage in the emulsion, preheating the air charge was effective in reducing it. Although, NO sub x and soot formation were reduced effectively with the increase of water content in the emulsion, preheating the air charge adversely affected NO sub x and soot emissions. While CO and VHC emissions increased with the increase of the water content in the emulsion, increasing the intake air temperature slightly reduced carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons at low loads. Keywords: Combustion; Exhaust emissions; Water/Oil emulsions.
Book Synopsis Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Water Introduction Into DI Diesel Engine Combustion by : Peter Eckert
Download or read book Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Water Introduction Into DI Diesel Engine Combustion written by Peter Eckert and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2008 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Im vorliegenden Band 3/2008 berichtet Herr Eckert uber die Ergebnisse aus Untersuchungen zur Partikel- und Stickoxidminimierung bei Dieselmotoren durch Wassereinbringung. Das primare Ziel ist dabei die innermotorische Reduzierung der thermischen Stickoxidbildung. Es sind unterschiedliche Methoden der wassereinbringung in den dieselmotorischen Verbrennungsprozess moglich; beispielsweise die Einspritzung von Wasser in das Ansaugsystem, eine direkte Einspritzung von Wasser in den Brennraum sowie die Wassereinbringung mit Diesel- Wasser Emulsionen. Diese Massnahmen sind unter anderem bei dieselmotoren, die zumindest teilweise mit Schwerol betrieben werden, besonders interessant, da dort klassische Methoden zur Schadstoffreduktion, wie z.B. Abgasruckfuhrung oder Abgasnachbehandlung, nur mit erheblichem Aufwand eingesetzt werden konnen.
Book Synopsis Performance of a Direct Injection Diesel Research Engine Using Stabilized Water/oil Emulsions as a Fuel by : Daniel William Dickey
Download or read book Performance of a Direct Injection Diesel Research Engine Using Stabilized Water/oil Emulsions as a Fuel written by Daniel William Dickey and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Water in Oil Emulsification on the Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine by : M. Refahi
Download or read book The Effect of Water in Oil Emulsification on the Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine written by M. Refahi and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Combustion of Drops and Sprays of No. 2 Diesel Oil and Its Emulsions with Water and Methanol by : S. R. Gollahalli
Download or read book Combustion of Drops and Sprays of No. 2 Diesel Oil and Its Emulsions with Water and Methanol written by S. R. Gollahalli and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodiesel Production Technologies by : Jorge Mario Marchetti
Download or read book Biodiesel Production Technologies written by Jorge Mario Marchetti and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel production is a very modern and technological area that is winning relevance and market due to its benefits, such as that it is biodegradable, a renewable and alternative source of fuel with less pollutants and less particle pollution. Different studies have been carried out using various oils as raw material, different alcohol as well as different catalysts, homogeneous ones such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sulphuric acid and supercritical fluids, and heterogeneous ones such as solid resins and enzymes as well as new technologies that are being developed every day. This book discusses the global energy situation in regard to the biodiesel industry, as well as a specific focus on operational conditions, kinetics model and economic comparison in order to see if they could be used as profitable alternatives.
Book Synopsis The Emissions and Fuel Economy of a Detroit Diesel 6-71 Engine Burning a 10-percent Water-in-fuel Emulsion by : Robert A. Walter
Download or read book The Emissions and Fuel Economy of a Detroit Diesel 6-71 Engine Burning a 10-percent Water-in-fuel Emulsion written by Robert A. Walter and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial efforts with water/fuel emulsions in diesel engines were directed toward the control of NOx. More recent studies emphasized the use of emulsions to improve fuel economy. It is believed that in a diesel engine combustion process, emulsified fuel droplets would undergo micro-explosions that would decrease the heterogeneity of the injector spray pattern and thus increase the efficiency and fuel economy. Although all data in the literature indicate that emulsions do lower the levels of NOx and smoke, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) generally increase, depending on the amount of water in the emulsion, and the engine type, speed, and load. Reported fuel economy either decreases or increases, again, dependent on the water content, engine type and design, and engine speed and load. Other possible effects, such as increased fuel injector corrosion, water dilution of the lubricating oil, and the possibility of increased combustion chamber deposits have not been studied. The task reported here is a preliminary investigation of water/fuel emulsions in a GM6-71 engine. Surface active agents (surfactants), were used to produce the emulsions for this task. The purposes of this preliminary effort were to resolve the conflicting results in the literature, assess potential problem areas, and aid in formulating future efforts.
Book Synopsis Liquid Fuel Emulsion Jet-in-crossflow and Dispersion Under High Pressure Conditions by : Guillermo Andres Gomez
Download or read book Liquid Fuel Emulsion Jet-in-crossflow and Dispersion Under High Pressure Conditions written by Guillermo Andres Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current work focuses on the jet-in-crossflow penetration and dispersion behavior of water-in-oil emulsions in a high pressure environment. Both fuel injection strategies of using a water-in-oil emulsion and a jet-in-crossflow have demonstrated unique benefits in improving gas turbine performance from an emissions and efficiency standpoint. A jet-in-crossflow is very practical for use in gas turbine engines, rocket propulsion, and aircraft engines since it utilizes already available crossflow air to atomize fuel. Injecting water into a combustion chamber in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion allows for pollutant emissions reduction while reducing efficiency loses that may result from using a separate water or steam injection circuit. Dispersion effects on oil droplets are expected, therefore investigating the distribution of both oil and water droplets in the crossflow is an objective in this work. Understanding the synchronization and injection behavior of the two strategies is of key interest due to their combined benefits. A water-to-oil ratio and an ambient pressure parameter are developed for emulsion jet-in-crossflow trajectories. To this end, a total of 24 emulsion jet-in-crossflow tests were performed with varying ambient pressures of 2-8 atm and momentum flux ratios of 50, 85, and 120. Sobel edge filtering was applied to each averaged image obtained from a high speed video of each test case. Averaged and filtered images were used to resolve top and bottom edges of the trajectory in addition to the overall peak intensity up to 40 mm downstream of the injection point. An optimized correlation was established and found to differ from literature based correlations obtained under atmospheric pressure conditions. Overall it was found that additional parameters were not necessary for the top edge and peak intensity correlations, but a need for a unique emulsion bottom edge and width trajectory correlation was recognized. In addition to investigating emulsion jet-in-crossflow trajectory correlations, a unique Dual Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (Dual-PLIF) method was applied for the first time on emulsions at elevated pressure conditions. From the Dual-PLIF results, qualitative observations provided insight into the unique dispersion of oil and water concentrations within a cross-sectional plane down stream of the jet-in-crossflow injection.
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Effect of Water Diesel Emulsion on Direct Injection Diesel Engine Performance by : Khaled Abdullah Al-Khaleefi
Download or read book Investigation of the Effect of Water Diesel Emulsion on Direct Injection Diesel Engine Performance written by Khaled Abdullah Al-Khaleefi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Emissions and Their Control by : Magdi K Khair
Download or read book Diesel Emissions and Their Control written by Magdi K Khair and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will assist readers in meeting today's tough challenges of improving diesel engine emissions, diesel efficiency, and public perception of the diesel engine. It can be used as an introductory text, while at the same time providing practical information that will be useful for experienced readers. This comprehensive book is well illustrated with more than 560 figures and 80 tables. Each main section is broken down into chapters that offer more specific and extensive information on current issues, as well as answers to technical questions.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of the effects of water-emulsified diesel fuel on the performance and emissions of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine by : Alan Pearce Stanard
Download or read book Study of the effects of water-emulsified diesel fuel on the performance and emissions of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine written by Alan Pearce Stanard and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Injection Pressure and Water Content on Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Water Emulsions by : Xuan-Thien Tran
Download or read book Effect of Injection Pressure and Water Content on Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Water Emulsions written by Xuan-Thien Tran and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Characterization of Canola Oil Emulsion Combustion in a Modified Furnace by : Shreyas Mahesh Bhimani
Download or read book Experimental Characterization of Canola Oil Emulsion Combustion in a Modified Furnace written by Shreyas Mahesh Bhimani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vegetable oils have been researched as alternative source of energy for many years because they have proven themselves as efficient fuel sources for diesel engines when used in the form of biodiesel, vegetable oil-diesel blends, vegetable oil-water-diesel blends and mixtures thereof. However, very few studies involving the use of emulsified low grade alcohols in straight vegetable oils, as fuels for combustion have been published. Even, the published literature involves the use of emulsified fuels only for compression ignition diesel engines. Through this project, an attempt has been made to suggest the use of alcohol-in-vegetable oil emulsions (AVOE) as an alternate fuel in stationary burners like electric utility boiler producing steam for electricity generation and more dynamic systems like diesel engines. The main goal of this study is to understand the effect of the combustion of different methanol-in-canola oil emulsions, swirl angle and equivalence ratio on the emission levels of NOx, unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), CO and CO2. The 30 kW furnace facility available at Coal and Biomass Energy Laboratory at Texas A & M University was modified using a twin fluid atomizer, a swirler and a new liquid fuel injection system. The swirler blades were positioned at 60° and 51° angles (with respect to vertical axis) in order to achieve swirl numbers of 1.40 and 1.0, respectively. The three different fuels studied were, pure canola oil, 89-9 emulsion [9% methanol - in - 89% canola oil emulsion with 2% surfactant (w/w)] and 85-12.5 emulsion [12.5% methanol - in - 85% canola oil (w/w) emulsion with 2.5% surfactant]. All the combustion experiments were conducted for a constant heat output of 72,750 kJ/hr. One of the major findings of this research work was the influence of fuel type and swirl number on emission levels. Both the emulsions produced lower NOx, unburned (UHC) hydrocarbon and CO emissions than pure canola oil at both swirl numbers and all equivalence ratios. The emulsions also showed higher burned fraction values than pure oil and produced more CO2. Comparing the performance of only the two emulsions, it was seen that the percentage amount of methanol added to the blend had a definite positive impact on the combustion products of the fuel. The higher the percentage of methanol in the emulsions, the lesser the NOx, UHC and CO emissions. Of all the three fuels, 85-12.5 emulsion produced the least emissions. The vorticity imparted to the secondary air by the swirler also affected the emission levels. Increased vorticity at higher swirl number led to proper mixing of air and fuel which minimized emission levels at SN = 1.4. The effect of equivalence ratio on NOx formation requires a more detailed analysis especially with regards to the mechanism which produces nitrogen oxides during the combustion of the studied fuels.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering by : Andrey A. Radionov
Download or read book Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering written by Andrey A. Radionov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 2490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights recent findings in industrial, manufacturing and mechanical engineering, and provides an overview of the state of the art in these fields, mainly in Russia and Eastern Europe. A broad range of topics and issues in modern engineering are discussed, including the dynamics of machines and working processes, friction, wear and lubrication in machines, surface transport and technological machines, manufacturing engineering of industrial facilities, materials engineering, metallurgy, control systems and their industrial applications, industrial mechatronics, automation and robotics. The book gathers selected papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering (ICIE), held in Moscow, Russia in May 2018. The authors are experts in various fields of engineering, and all papers have been carefully reviewed. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to a wide readership, including mechanical and production engineers, lecturers in engineering disciplines, and engineering graduates.
Book Synopsis Bioenergy by : Praveen Kumar Ramanujam
Download or read book Bioenergy written by Praveen Kumar Ramanujam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-06 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume discusses the impact of bioenergy on the environment and economy. The book contents include contributions on themes, such as the impact of emulsified biofuels on the environment, environmental impacts of the current uses of biomass energy, sustainable development in ecosystem, trends in microbial fuel cells and the ecological and economic impacts on biofuel production, among others. The book also uses visual elements to aid learning. This book is a valuable, hands-on resource for researchers, academics and industry professionals, who are interested in alternative fuels, sustainability, clean energy, biofuel production, waste management, environmental pollution, renewable energy and allied fields.
