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Influence Of Spellchecking On Translation
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Book Synopsis Influence of spellchecking on translation by : Paula W.
Download or read book Influence of spellchecking on translation written by Paula W. and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Interpreting / Translating , grade: 1,7, University of Cologne (Romanisches Seminar), course: Sprachwissenschaft, language: English, abstract: A computer program, that identifies possible misspellings in a block of text by comparing the text until a database of accepted spellings, is called a spell-check or spell-checking. Spellcheck is also mostly defined as a computer program used to process a document in order to check the spelling. The purposes of spellchecking are very simple: they are very useful to control the accuracy of the spelling of an electronic document and to correct misspellings and errors. The Oxford dictionary (2013) states: “the text show signs of having been spellchecked but not proof-read”. This last explanation reveals the difficulties implicated by referring to spellchecking (...)
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research by : Sylviane Granger
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research written by Sylviane Granger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 1199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origins of learner corpus research go back to the late 1980s when large electronic collections of written or spoken data started to be collected from foreign/second language learners, with a view to advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of second language acquisition and developing tailor-made pedagogical tools. Engaging with the interdisciplinary nature of this fast-growing field, The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research explores the diverse and extensive applications of learner corpora, with 27 chapters written by internationally renowned experts. This comprehensive work is a vital resource for students, teachers and researchers, offering fresh perspectives and a unique overview of the field. With representative studies in each chapter which provide an essential guide on how to conduct learner corpus research in a wide range of areas, this work is a cutting-edge account of learner corpus collection, annotation, methodology, theory, analysis and applications.
Book Synopsis English Translation Style Guide for European Union by : European Commission
Download or read book English Translation Style Guide for European Union written by European Commission and published by Nicolae Sfetcu. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Style Guide is intended primarily for English-language authors and translators, both in-house and freelance, working for the European Commission. But now that so many texts in and around the EU institutions are drafted in English by native and non-native speakers alike, its rules, reminders and handy references aim to serve a wider readership as well. The Guide is divided into two clearly distinct parts, the first dealing with linguistic conventions applicable in all contexts and the second with the workings of the European Union — and with how those workings are expressed and reflected in English. This should not be taken to imply that ‘EU English’ is different from ‘real English’; it is simply a reflection of the fact that the European Union as a unique body has had to invent a terminology to describe itself. However, the overriding aim in both parts of the Guide is to facilitate and encourage the writing of clear and reader-friendly English.
Book Synopsis How to Translate by : Nicolae Sfetcu
Download or read book How to Translate written by Nicolae Sfetcu and published by Nicolae Sfetcu. This book was released on 2015-04-19 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide for translators, about the translation theory, the translation process, interpreting, subtitling, internationalization and localization and computer-assisted translation. A special section is dedicated to the translator's education and associations. The guide include, as annexes, several independent adaptations of the corresponding European Commission works, freely available via the EU Bookshop as PDF and via SetThings.com as EPUB, MOBI (Kindle) and PDF. For a “smart”, sensible translation , you should forget not the knowledge acquired at school or university, but the corrective standards. Some people want a translation with the touch of the source version, while another people feel that in a successful version we should not be able to guess the original language. We have to realize that both people have right and wrong, and that their only fault is to present requirement as an absolute truth. Teachers agree at least on this principle: “If a sentence is ambiguous, the translation must also be“. There is another critical, less easy to argue, based on an Italian phrase with particularly strong wording: “Traduttore, traditore“. This critique argues that any translation will betray the author‘s language, spirit, style … because of the choices on all sides. What to sacrifice, clarity or brevity, if the formula in the text is brief and effective, but impossible to translate into so few words with the exact meaning? One could understand this criticism that it encourages us to read “in the text.” It seems obvious that it is impossible to follow this advice into practice.
Book Synopsis Machine Translation by : Fouad Sabry
Download or read book Machine Translation written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Machine Translation The subfield of computational linguistics known as machine translation, which is often referred to by the abbreviation MT at times, explores the use of software to translate text or speech from one language to another. Machine translation can also be referred to as automatic translation. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Machine Translation Chapter 2: Computational Linguistics Chapter 3: Natural Language Processing Chapter 4: Statistical Machine Translation Chapter 5: Neural Machine Translation Chapter 6: Google Neural Machine Translation Chapter 7: Hybrid Machine Translation Chapter 8: Rule-based Machine Translation Chapter 9: Evaluation of Machine Translation Chapter 10: History of Machine Translation (II) Answering the public top questions about machine translation. (III) Real world examples for the usage of machine translation in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of machine translation' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of machine translation.
Book Synopsis The Role of Theory in Translator Training by : Daniela Di Mango
Download or read book The Role of Theory in Translator Training written by Daniela Di Mango and published by Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translation study programs have always been torn between the expectations placed on them to provide students with a comprehensive education at an academic level but at the same time to prepare them for the demands of the professional translation market. There is, furthermore, an ongoing debate about a supposed gap between translation theory and practice. Several, often opposing claims have been put forward concerning the usefulness of theory to professionals and students and how and when to best implement theoretical courses in translation curricula. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the different opinions and expectations that have been put forward in the literature and to test some of these claims empirically on student subjects who have been trained with either a practical or a theoretical focus on translation. It thus gives insights into the role of both theoretical and practical aspects in translator training and the ways in which each of them can contribute to the development of translation competence.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Language Standardization by : Wendy Ayres-Bennett
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Language Standardization written by Wendy Ayres-Bennett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 1013 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveying a wide range of languages and approaches, this Handbook is an essential resource for all those interested in language standards and standard languages. It not only explores the standardization of national European languages, it also offers fresh insights on the standardization of minoritized, indigenous and stateless languages.
Download or read book Erron written by DJ. Hovermale and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Spellcheckers such as ASPELL and Microsoft Word 2007 were designed to correct the spelling errors of native writers of English (NWEs). While they are widely used and fairly effective at this task, they do not perform well when used to correct the spelling errors in English text written by Japanese writers of English (JWEFLs). The first contribution of this thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the English spelling errors of Japanese writers of English as a foreign language (JWEFLs) with the goal of finding differences from NWE spelling errors that would cause such poor spellchecker performance. In addition to describing the patterns of characteristic JWEFL errors I also provide hypotheses for why each error is observed. I find that JWEFL errors are 2-3 times more likely to have a mistake in the first letter and 4-5 times more likely to have more than one mistake in them than NWE spellings errors. These facts make it very difficult for widely-used English spellcheckers to correct JWEFL errors, because they are designed to exploit patterns in NWE spelling errors which simply are not present in Japanese learner text. I assert, however, that while JWEFL spelling errors do not have the same patterns as NWE errors, they do display patterns that can be exploited to make a custom spellchecker for JWEFL users. This thesis describes the creation of a spellchecker customized for Japanese writers of English as a foreign language. Traditionally, spellcheckers have used edit distance to determine which words to include in a list of suggestions for the user. At its core, this method transforms the word on a letter-by-letter basis, using statistics and heuristics collected by examining large corpora of English spelling errors to determine a cost for transforming the misspelling into each word in the dictionary (word list). This does not work particularly well for JWEFL text, because they often substitute strings of varying length as a single unit. When calculating a cost for these substitutions on a letter-by-letter level this results in a very high cost, and therefore the correctly spelled word does not have a low enough final cost to be included in the final suggestion list. Recent spellchecking methods for English, however, have seen better results using generic string to string edits, allowing multiple letters to be transformed at the same time at a reduced cost (Brill and Moore, 2000), (Toutanova and Moore, 2002). Boyd (2008) implements these methods for JWEFL text and reports success. The second major contribution of this doctoral thesis is the novel use of tools from phrase-based machine translation to create a spellchecker customized for Japanese writers of English as a foreign language. Early efforts in statistical machine translation (Brown, 1993) translated sentences on a word-by-word basis. Competitive translation systems now employ a phrase-based method, which attempts to translate on a phrase-by-phrase basis. I use Moses (Koehn, 2007), a state-of-the-art phrase-based machine translation system, to create a spellchecker, Erron, which is customized to correct the spelling errors of JWEFL text. The system has two components, a letter-based model, Erron_LTR, and a pronunciation-based model, Erron_PRON. Erron_LTR outperforms ASPELL and Microsoft Word 2007 by roughly 30% in the 1-best case and Erron_PRON outperforms both ASPELL and MS Word 2007 by roughly 20%. In addition, Erron_PRON has nearly 20% better performance than a state-of-the-art pronunciation-based spellchecker. These two models are combined to create a combined model, Erron_CMB, which performs 9% better than the combined from Boyd (2008).
Book Synopsis (Multi) Media Translation by : Yves Gambier
Download or read book (Multi) Media Translation written by Yves Gambier and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work considers the impact of technology on our command of (foreign) languages, and the effects that our (lack of) linguistic skills have on technology, even though modern communications technology implies mulitlingualism, yet at the same time paves the way for the development of a "lingua franca". The challenges are not only industrial, political, social administrative, judicial, ethical; they are also cultural and linguistic. This volume is a collection of essays and the edited results of some of the presentations and debates from two international forums on the subject.
Book Synopsis Does Spelling Matter? by : Simon Horobin
Download or read book Does Spelling Matter? written by Simon Horobin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book narrates the history of English spelling from the Anglo-Saxons to the present-day. It also examines the changing attitudes to spelling, including numerous proposals for spelling reform, ranging from the introduction of new alphabets to more modest attempts to rid English of its silent letters, and the differing agendas they reveal.
Book Synopsis Translator’s Workbench by : Marianne Kugler
Download or read book Translator’s Workbench written by Marianne Kugler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Translator's Workbench Project was a European Community sponsored research and development project which dealt with issues in multi-lingual communication and docu mentation. This book presents an integrated toolset as a solution to problems in translation and docu mentation. Professional translators and teachers of translation were involved in the proc ess of software development, starting with a detailed study of the user requirements and ending with several evaluation-and-improvement cycles of the resulting toolset. English, German, Greek, and Spanish are addressed in the contributions, however, some of the techniques are inherently language-independent and can thus be extended to cover other languages as well. Translation can be viewed broadly as the execution of three cognitive processes, and this book has been structured along these lines: • First, the translation pre-process, understanding the target language text at a lexico semantic level on the one hand, and making sense of the source language document on the other hand. The tools for the pre-translation process include access to electronic networks, conversion of documents from one format to another, creation of terminol ogy data banks and access to existing data banks, and terminology dictionaries. • Second, the translation process, rendering sentences in the source language into equiva lent target sentences. The translation process refers to the potential of conventional machine translation systems, like METAL, and of the statistically oriented translation memory.
Book Synopsis Revising and Editing for Translators by : Brian Mossop
Download or read book Revising and Editing for Translators written by Brian Mossop and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2001 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Language Anxiety by : Elaine Kolker Horwitz
Download or read book Language Anxiety written by Elaine Kolker Horwitz and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Finally a comprehensive discussion of language anxiety, this collection of papers considers the points of view of teachers and students as well as of theorists and researchers. What is language anxiety? How does it affect language learners? How is it related to other types of anxiety? What can teachers and program directors do to minimize language anxiety in their classrooms? These and other issues are addressed in this landmark text." -- Back cover.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Individual Differences in Computer-Assisted Language Learning by : Rahimi, Mehrak
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Individual Differences in Computer-Assisted Language Learning written by Rahimi, Mehrak and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest advances and trends in technology have enabled rapid development in the field of language education. Students and teachers alike now benefit from the assistance of various technological innovations, thus increasing the overall effectiveness of the curriculum. The Handbook of Research on Individual Differences in Computer-Assisted Language Learning addresses the implementation of current research methodologies within EFL and ESL classroom settings and the variety of modifications employed by language experts. Focusing on quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies, this book is an essential reference source for applied linguists, CALL researchers, language teachers, and upper-level students within the field of foreign language education.
Book Synopsis Language Identification by : Fouad Sabry
Download or read book Language Identification written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Language Identification The difficulty of determining which natural language a piece of information is written in is referred to as language identification or language guessing in the field of natural language processing. The computational approaches to this issue regard it as a particular instance of text categorization, which can then be solved using a variety of statistical techniques. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Language Identification Chapter 2: Computational Linguistics Chapter 3: Natural Language Processing Chapter 4: Word-sense Disambiguation Chapter 5: Cognitive Linguistics Chapter 6: Part-of-speech Tagging Chapter 7: N-gram Chapter 8: Language Model Chapter 9: Native-language Identification Chapter 10: Word2vec (II) Answering the public top questions about language identification. (III) Real world examples for the usage of language identification in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of language identification' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of language identification.
Book Synopsis Natural Language Understanding by : Fouad Sabry
Download or read book Natural Language Understanding written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Natural Language Understanding The field of artificial intelligence known as natural-language processing includes a subfield known as natural-language understanding (NLU), often known as natural-language interpretation (NLI), which deals with the reading comprehension of machines. Understanding natural language is seen as a challenging topic for artificial intelligence. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Natural Language Understanding Chapter 2: Computational Linguistics Chapter 3: Natural Language Processing Chapter 4: Parsing Chapter 5: Question Answering Chapter 6: Semantic Role Labeling Chapter 7: Computational Semantics Chapter 8: Semantic Parsing Chapter 9: Natural-language User Interface Chapter 10: History of Natural Language Processing (II) Answering the public top questions about natural language understanding. (III) Real world examples for the usage of natural language understanding in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of natural language understanding' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of natural language understanding.
Book Synopsis A Practical Guide for Translators by : Geoffrey Samuelsson-Brown
Download or read book A Practical Guide for Translators written by Geoffrey Samuelsson-Brown and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2010 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latest edition of the successful best-seller that views commercial translation from the translator's and customer's viewpoints.
