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Inducible Enzymes In The Inflammatory Response
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Book Synopsis Inducible Enzymes in the Inflammatory Response by : Willoughby
Download or read book Inducible Enzymes in the Inflammatory Response written by Willoughby and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will be of great value to all those researchers in the area of the inflam matory response, notably academics, clinicians and members of the pharmaceutical industry. The book has in the main been restricted to three inducible enzymes, namely nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and hemeoxygenase (HO-l), although matrix metalloproteinases, xanthine oxidoreductase and tissue transgluta minases are reviewed. The modulation of these enzymes is viewed as possible novel therapeutic advances in the area of inflammation and also cancer. The latter topic may well be the subject of a further book. It will be interesting to observe the progress of such new therapies in the next decade. Already some of these enzyme modulators have been approved for the treat ment of inflammatory disease, as evidenced by the new families of COX-2 inhibitors. We believe such advances will herald a series of new and exciting agents to be included in the clinician's armamentarium in the constant struggle against inflammatory disease. The editors wish to thank all contributors to this volume on inducible enzymes. It should however be stressed that the views expressed by the authors are personal and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors. Indeed, the reader may find con flicting statements in a number of the chapters. We believe that this is entirely appro priate as this volume reflects the latest work in a rapidly developing area.
Book Synopsis Inducible Enzymes in the Inflammatory Response by : D. A. Willoughby
Download or read book Inducible Enzymes in the Inflammatory Response written by D. A. Willoughby and published by Birkhauser. This book was released on 1999 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book brings together overviews by leading researchers in the field of the current status of knowledge of COX, NOS and HO in inflammation. These overviews cover a series of new concepts in the mechanism of inflammation. Topics include inducible enzyme involvement in inflammatory processes including the role in vascular permeability, leukocyte migration, granuloma formation, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation and algesia. New findings from transgenic animal models are reviewed. Other chapters address the importance of these enzymes in inflammatory disease states including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The possibility of selective inhibitors or inducers of COX, NOS and HO, and their use in the clinic is discussed. The subject matter of this book is of interest to rheumatologists, pathologists, pharmacologists, neuroscientists and anyone with an academic interest in the mechanisms of inflammation.
Book Synopsis New Targets in Inflammation by : N. Bazan
Download or read book New Targets in Inflammation written by N. Bazan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past 100 years the mainstay of therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been aspirin or other drugs of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory group. In 1971 Vane pro posed that both the beneficial and toxic actions of these drugs was through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The recent discovery that prostaglandins responsible for pain and other symptoms at inflammatory foci are synthesized by an inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) that is encoded by a gene distinct from that of the consti tutive enzyme (COX-I) provided a new target for therapy of RA. A drug that would selectively inhibit COX-2 would hopefully produce the symptomatic benefit provided by existing NSAIDs without the gastrointestinal and renal toxicity due to the inhibition of COX-I. Drugs selective for COX-2 are now available. Experimental studies have shown them to be effective with minimal toxicity, and in clinical trials gastric and renal toxicities are less. Highly selective COX-2 inhibitors, perhaps designed with knowledge of the crystal structures of COX-I and COX-2, are also available. Other experimental studies, including those in animals lacking effective genes for COX-lor COX-2 and in experimental carcinomas, suggest there is still much to be learned of the pathophysiological functions of these enzymes. The inflammatory response is a complex reaction involving many mediators that derive from white blood cells, endothelial cells and other tissues. Preliminary data have revealed that inhibitors of the cytokines and adhesion molecules that play a crucial role in the migration of white cells to inflammatory sites may be useful in RA.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Vascular Disease by : Robert Fitridge
Download or read book Mechanisms of Vascular Disease written by Robert Fitridge and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Author :Jens-Michael Schröder Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9783764358471 Total Pages :200 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (584 download)
Book Synopsis Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Skin Diseases by : Jens-Michael Schröder
Download or read book Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Skin Diseases written by Jens-Michael Schröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines the two major functions of fatty acids in skin biol ogy. Fatty acids play an important role in the barrier function of ski n and represent a major source of proinflammatory mediators such as pr ostaglandins, leukotrienes and other lipids in inflammatory skin disor ders (e.g. proinflammatory eicosanoids which play a role in psoriasis and a topic dermatitis). The pharmacological inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis is also reviewed.
Book Synopsis Proteases New Perspectives by : Vito Turk
Download or read book Proteases New Perspectives written by Vito Turk and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an account of the recent advances in our understanding of the role of proteases under physiological and pathological conditions. It reviews the contributions that have been made in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, medicine, agriculture and ecology. In addition there is an account of the growing number of practical applications in biotechnology, reflecting the fact that peptidases are major targets for medical and agricultural purposes. The book shows how the numerous protease structures are essential for drug design. The contributions place special emphasis on cysteine, aspartic and metalloproteases and their role in physiological and certain pathological states. Another focus is the classification and nomenclature of peptidases and a review of those proteases currently under the most intensive investigation. The book provides an informative introduction for teachers and newcomers to the field, such as graduate students, while providing a valuable source of material and ideas for the academic and industrial researcher in areas including biochemistry, medicine, agriculture and biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation by : S.D. Brain
Download or read book Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation written by S.D. Brain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is intended to bring together recent advances in the often separate fields of pain and neurogenic inflammation. To this end, eminent researchers from both domains have contributed in-depth discussion of the mechanisms underlying these processes. Individual chapters focus on important recent discoveries such as the cloning of the capsaicin receptor and the discovery of RAMP proteins for CGRP receptors. This book provides an integrated account of recent advances in the fields of pain and neurogenic inflammation. The volume is intended to bring together studies from eminent researchers in the often separate research fields of pain and inflammation. "Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation" is aimed primarily at postgraduate researchers as well as academic and industrial researchers in pain and inflammation but is also likely to be of interest to undergraduate students seeking a firm grounding in the mechanisms underlying these important clinical conditions.
Book Synopsis Cytokines and Pain by : L.R. Watkins
Download or read book Cytokines and Pain written by L.R. Watkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to examine immune-to-brain communication from the viewpoint of its effect on pain processing, and to clarify the major role that substances released by immune cells play in pain modulation. In these chapters, contributed by major laboratories whose focus is understanding how cytokines modulate pain, the perspectives examined range from evolutionary approaches across diverse species, to the basics of the immune response, to the effect of cytokines on peripheral and central nervous system sites, to therapeutic potential in humans. -- book cover.
Book Synopsis Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants by : Wagner
Download or read book Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants written by Wagner and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human immune system, despite having its own sophisticated defence mecha nisms, is inferior to bacteria and viruses with respect to adaptability. Furthermore, our immune system is increasingly exposed to detrimental effects, that is immuno suppressive environmental consequences, unhealthy living, and chronic illnesses. Excessive chemotherapy threatens our immune system even further. This situation demands compensatory prophylactic therapeutic regimes. One of these - specific immunostimulation - is more difficult to achieve than the immunosuppression cur rently used in transplantation surgery and the medical treatment of autoimmune dis eases. The earliest attempts to develop suitable medication for immunostimulation were based on traditional remedies which embodied the accumulated experience of several centuries. Medicinal plants are already being used prophylactically as stan dardized and efficacy-optimized preparations for the treatment of various recur rent infections, or in combination with chemotherapeutics in standard medical practice. In order to rationally apply immunostimulants of plant origin, however, it is necessary to search for the active principles of these substances and to produce them in a pure form. Because suitable screening methods have become available only recently, research in this field is in its very beginning. Further progress can be expected from systematic basic research on the mechanisms underlying immunomodulation. This also applies to verification of clinical efficacy, which is a prerequisite for the acceptance of medications with purported immunostimulatory properties.
Book Synopsis Acute & Chronic Wounds by : Ruth A. Bryant
Download or read book Acute & Chronic Wounds written by Ruth A. Bryant and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rev. ed. of: Acute and chronic wounds / [edited by] Ruth A. Bryant, Denise P. Nix. 3rd ed. c2007.
Book Synopsis Medicinal Fatty Acids in Inflammation by : J. Kremer
Download or read book Medicinal Fatty Acids in Inflammation written by J. Kremer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Progress in Inflammation Research is a unique compilation of work performed by a wide spectrum of investigators from different medical disciplines. It is fascinating that dietary alterations of fatty acid intake can result in a range of salutory changes in a great variety of medical conditions. Most of the good scien tific work which has led to these observations has been performed over just the last two decades. This is of course not a very long time in the context of the history of the human species. Recently performed analysis of fat intake from paleolithic times has indicated that our hunter-gatherer ancestors consumed as much cholesterol as modern Western man, but strikingly less saturated fatty acid and more polyunsatu rates, including n-3 fatty acids. Wild game has the terrestrial source of n-3 incorpo rated in its fat since browsing animals derive 18:3n-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) natural ly from leafy plants. There is, however, little opportunity for modern Western man to get n-3 fatty acids from the diet if one does not consume fish. Modern agribusiness provides ani mal feeds high in n-6 fatty acids, mostly derived from linoleic acid (18:2n-6) in corn feed. Therefore, grazing animals have no access to alternative fatty acids in either feed or grasses, the latter containing little or none of these potentially beneficial highly polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Book Synopsis Improved Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: COX-2 Enzyme Inhibitors by : Sir John R. Vane
Download or read book Improved Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: COX-2 Enzyme Inhibitors written by Sir John R. Vane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1971, Vane proposed that the mechanism of action of the aspirin-like drugs was through their inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. Since then, there has been intense interest in the interaction between this diverse group of inhibitors and the enzyme known as cyclooxygenase (COX). It exists in two isoforms, COX-l and COX-2 (discovered some 5 years ago). Over the last two decades several new drugs have reached the market based on COX-l enzyme screens. Elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of COX-l has provided a new understanding for the actions of COX inhibitors. The constitutive isoform of COX, COX-l has clear physiological functions. Its activation leads, for instance, to the production of prostacyclin which when released by the endothelium is anti-thrombogenic and anti-atherosclerotic, and in the gastric mucosa is cyto protective. COX-l also generates prostaglandins in the kidney, where they help to maintain blood flow and promote natriuresis. The inducible isoform, COX-2, was discovered through its activity being increased in a number of cells by pro inflammatory stimuli. A year or so later, COX-2 was identified as a distinct isoform encoded by a different gene from COX-I. COX-2 is induced by inflammatory stimuli and by cytokines in migratory and other cells. Thus the anti-inflammatory actions of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be due to the inhibition of COX-2, whereas the unwanted side-effects such as irritation of the stomach lining and toxic effects on the kidney are due to inhibition of the constitutive enzyme, COX-I.
Book Synopsis Cytokines and Pain by : L.R. Watkins
Download or read book Cytokines and Pain written by L.R. Watkins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the past few years, it has become recognized that the immune system communicates to the brain. Substances released from activated immune cells (cytokines) stimulate peripheral nerves, thereby signaling the brain and spinal cord that infection/inflammation has occurred. Additionally, peripheral infection/inflammation leads to de novo synthesis and release of cytokines within the brain and spinal cord. Thus, cytokines effect neural activation both peripherally and centrally. Through this communication pathway, cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor markedly alter brain function, physiology and behavior. One important but underrecognized aspect of this communication is the dramatic impact that immune activation has on pain modulation. The purpose of this book is to examine, for the first time, immune-to-brain communication from the viewpoint of its effect on pain processing. It is aimed both at the basic scientist and health care providers, in order to clarify the major role that substances released by immune cells play in pain modulation. This book contains chapters contributed by all of the major laboratories focused on understanding how cytokines modulate pain. These chapters provide a unique vantage point from which to examine this question, as the summarized work ranges from evolutionary approaches across diverse species, to the basics of the immune response, to the effect of cytokines on peripheral and central nervous system sites, to therapeutic potential in humans.
Book Synopsis Angiogenesis in Inflammation: Mechanisms and Clinical Correlates by : Michael Seed
Download or read book Angiogenesis in Inflammation: Mechanisms and Clinical Correlates written by Michael Seed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This much-needed text develops current knowledge on the mechanisms of angiogenesis at the molecular and cellular levels as they relate to inflammation, including acute and chronic inflammation, neurogenic initiation, and the role of the multiple cellular components that comprise inflammation. The volume brings together experts in each of these fields to link the molecular and cellular processes in angiogenesis to those of inflammation and disease, culminating in a discourse on areas for future therapies.
Book Synopsis Lipids in Health and Disease by : Peter Quinn
Download or read book Lipids in Health and Disease written by Peter Quinn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipids are functionally versatile molecules. They have evolved from relatively simple hydrocarbons that serve as depot storages of metabolites and barriers to the permeation of solutes into complex compounds that perform a variety of signalling functions in higher organisms. This volume is devoted to the polar lipids and their constituents. We have omitted the neutral lipids like fats and oils because their function is generally to act as deposits of metabolizable substrates. The sterols are also outside the scope of the present volume and the reader is referred to volume 28 of this series which is the subject of cholesterol. The polar lipids are comprised of fatty acids attached to either glycerol or sphingosine. The fatty acids themselves constitute an important reservoir of substrates for conversion into families of signalling and modulating molecules including the eicosanoids amongst which are the prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leucotrienes. The way fatty acid metabolism is regulated in the liver and how fatty acids are desaturated are subjects considered in the first part of this volume. This section also deals with the modulation of protein function and inflammation by unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives. New insights into the role of fatty acid synthesis and eicosenoid function in tumour progression and metastasis are presented.
Book Synopsis Therapeutic Targets in Airway Inflammation by : N. Tony Eissa
Download or read book Therapeutic Targets in Airway Inflammation written by N. Tony Eissa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-05-13 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference examines the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms involved in airway inflammation, as well as the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and aetiology of asthma. It explores strategies to prevent cellular injury and oxidative tissue damage, inhibit key inflammatory pathways and identify disease-specific targets to reduce the induction
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Synthase: Characterization and Functional Analysis by :
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Synthase: Characterization and Functional Analysis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-09-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the function of nitric oxide in a regulatory capacity in the central and peripheral nervous system is widely recognized, the full scope of its actions and its interrelationships with other classes of regulatory molecules is just beginning to be comprehended. This volume contains a number of sophisticated and advanced methods essential for exploring the activity of nitric oxide in the brain. It will be a valuable tool for the established investigator and for those just entering the field. - Comprehensive protocols included for detection of NO and related compounds by chemical, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques - Newly developed methods for the purification of neuronal and endothelial NO synthase, production of monoclonal antibodies to NO synthase, molecular cloning and expression of NO synthesis, and control of NO synthase gene expression - Assessment of NO-mediated functions in neurons, central nervous system, cerebral circulation, synaptic transmission, and vascular tone - Calcium imaging by confocal microscopy, evaluation of the effect of NO on iron metabolism, and detection of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 message level and distribution
