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Indirect Effects Of Marine Reserve Protection On New Zealands Rocky Coastal Marine Communities
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Book Synopsis Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on New Zealand's Rocky Coastal Marine Communities by : Nick T. Shears
Download or read book Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on New Zealand's Rocky Coastal Marine Communities written by Nick T. Shears and published by . This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Visitor Impacts on Marine Protected Areas in New Zealand by : Ann McCrone
Download or read book Visitor Impacts on Marine Protected Areas in New Zealand written by Ann McCrone and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of a survey of New Zealand and international literature to identify negative impacts associated with visitors to marine protected areas are presented. It is suggested that further research is needed to assess the biological significance of visitor impacts and that there is a need for long-term research to assess the sustainability of visitor activities.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on Temperate Reef Fish Communities by : Evan Wesley Brown
Download or read book Assessing the Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on Temperate Reef Fish Communities written by Evan Wesley Brown and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine reserves are often effective in allowing the recovery of targeted species within their boundaries, which potentially have indirect effects on non-‐ target species. While the direct effects of protection on targeted species are fairly well understood, the indirect effects have been less well researched. In New Zealand’s oldest marine reserve at Leigh, the recovery of snapper Pagrus auratus and spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii populations has indirectly resulted in the increase of macroalgal habitats due to increased predation on sea urchins. Increased abundances of snapper and other targeted fish species may also affect other fish species via competition or predation. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate how these indirect effects, especially large-‐scale change in habitats, have affected reef fish species relative to the direct effects of protection. Reef fish abundances and sizes were estimated using habitat-‐ stratified underwater visual censuses inside and outside of the Leigh and Tawharanui marine reserves, which allowed for assessment of reef fish habitat associations. Based on these densities and the estimated extents of each habitat (from a drop-‐camera survey) the total population size of a number of key species was estimated for both reserves and surrounding coast. These estimates were then compared to historic population sizes in the Leigh Reserve that were estimated prior to habitat change. The main habitat change between 1978 and 2014 was the conversion of barrens into shallow kelp inside the Leigh reserve. In 2014 there were clear differences between reserve and fished sites at both locations, with virtually no urchin barrens and substantially more kelp habitat inside the reserves. Some species had clear habitat associations, with brown seaweed-‐associated species such as butterfish and silver drummer indirectly benefitting from increased kelp habitats in the Leigh Reserve. Overall changes in population sizes of most targeted species are most likely a direct response to protection. Some species (spotty and goatfish) were less abundant in the reserves, which may be due to increased competition or predation from snapper or other predators. In 2014 the majority of species showed a reserve effect, with greater abundance and/or average size in the reserves. However, aside from red moki, butterfish and silver drummer, which increased in abundance, and leatherjacket and banded wrasse, which showed no change, most species have declined in abundance inside the Leigh Reserve. These population declines may be a reflection of increased fishing pressure being placed on the surrounding coast, environmental change (e.g., sedimentation), or simply due to natural fluctuations in abundance. In summary, the patterns observed in this study, coupled with historic data, suggest that responses of most fish species to protection within northern New Zealand marine reserves are directly attributable to the absence of removal by fishing, with relatively few species showing indirect responses to large-‐scale habitat change or altered levels of competition or predation.
Download or read book Austral Ark written by Adam Stow and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed, research-informed synthesis of the current issues facing the Australasian biota and the challenges involved in their conservation.
Book Synopsis Oceanography and Marine Biology by : R. N. Gibson
Download or read book Oceanography and Marine Biology written by R. N. Gibson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most cited sources in marine science, this Golden Anniversary Edition provides an authoritative review, summarizing the results of current research in oceanography and marine biology. This essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science covers basic areas of marine research as well as subjects of special and topical importance. Written by acknowledged experts in their fields, this volume presents excellent coverage and quality in the papers presented.
Book Synopsis The Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on Reef Fish Assemblages by : Harry Allard
Download or read book The Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Reserve Protection on Reef Fish Assemblages written by Harry Allard and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine reserves are established to protect marine ecosystems from fishing, allowing harvested fishes to recover: these are the "direct effects" of protection. However, changes may also occur among species not typically exposed to fishing mortality, via "indirect effects" . Most marine reserve studies have focused on direct effects, and the prevalence and relative importance of indirect effects is poorly understood. Understanding both direct and indirect effects is key to understanding how fishing affects wider fish assemblages. To investigate the direct and indirect effects of marine reserve protection on reef fish assemblages I examined monitoring data from four northeastern New Zealand marine reserves. This long-term analysis also provided a wider assessment of how reef fish have changed over the last 2-4 decades in this region. Across all reserves examined, the large predatory sparid Chrysophrys auratus responded strongly to protection. This response was hypothesised to drive indirect effects on other species, as a result of increased predation, competition, or predator-induced habitat changes. Long-term changes in reef fish assemblages in New Zealand's oldest marine reserve at Leigh suggested that along with direct effects on six targeted species, snapper recovery had indirect effects on three small-bodied non-target fishes and one herbivorous fish. Comparisons across three reserves revealed that the potential indirect effects identified in Leigh were not ubiquitous. While direct effects on target species like snapper and cheilodactylid Cheilodactylus spectabilis were largely predictable, potential indirect effects were more location-specific and difficult to differentiate from the effects of environmental gradients. At an offshore island marine reserve, with a more speciose temperate-subtropical fish fauna, potential indirect effects existed for just 3 wrasses, despite dramatic direct effects of protection on snapper. There was no evidence of tropicalisation of fish assemblages at this offshore island marine reserve over the last two decades. This study demonstrated that while protected fish assemblages are distinct, this is mostly driven by the recovery of harvested species. Potential indirect effects of long-term protection were identified, but were rarely consistent across multiple reserves. Trophic links between reef fishes appear weak, and the role of indirect effects is likely overwhelmed by the direct effects of fishing.
Book Synopsis Fully-protected Marine Reserves by : Callum M. Roberts
Download or read book Fully-protected Marine Reserves written by Callum M. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Australian Government - Department of the Environment and Heritage - Environment Australia Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780642549495 Total Pages :20 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (494 download)
Book Synopsis The Benefits of Marine Protected Areas by : Australian Government - Department of the Environment and Heritage - Environment Australia
Download or read book The Benefits of Marine Protected Areas written by Australian Government - Department of the Environment and Heritage - Environment Australia and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine & Freshwater Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interactions in the Marine Benthos by : Stephen J. Hawkins
Download or read book Interactions in the Marine Benthos written by Stephen J. Hawkins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of how abiotic and biotic interactions shape patterns of coastal marine biodiversity and ecosystem processes globally.
Book Synopsis Marine Protected Areas by : National Research Council
Download or read book Marine Protected Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the ocean-and the resources within-seem limitless, there is clear evidence that human impacts such as overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution disrupt marine ecosystems and threaten the long-term productivity of the seas. Declining yields in many fisheries and decay of treasured marine habitats, such as coral reefs, has heightened interest in establishing a comprehensive system of marine protected areas (MPAs)-areas designated for special protection to enhance the management of marine resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate how MPAs can be employed in the United States and internationally as tools to support specific conservation needs of marine and coastal waters. Marine Protected Areas compares conventional management of marine resources with proposals to augment these management strategies with a system of protected areas. The volume argues that implementation of MPAs should be incremental and adaptive, through the design of areas not only to conserve resources, but also to help us learn how to manage marine species more effectively.
Book Synopsis Marine Protected Areas by : National Research Council
Download or read book Marine Protected Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the ocean-and the resources within-seem limitless, there is clear evidence that human impacts such as overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution disrupt marine ecosystems and threaten the long-term productivity of the seas. Declining yields in many fisheries and decay of treasured marine habitats, such as coral reefs, has heightened interest in establishing a comprehensive system of marine protected areas (MPAs)-areas designated for special protection to enhance the management of marine resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate how MPAs can be employed in the United States and internationally as tools to support specific conservation needs of marine and coastal waters. Marine Protected Areas compares conventional management of marine resources with proposals to augment these management strategies with a system of protected areas. The volume argues that implementation of MPAs should be incremental and adaptive, through the design of areas not only to conserve resources, but also to help us learn how to manage marine species more effectively.
Book Synopsis Marine Protected Areas by : Joachim Claudet
Download or read book Marine Protected Areas written by Joachim Claudet and published by . This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides regional and global perspectives on the role of Marine Protected Areas in the restoration and conservation of biodiversity.
Book Synopsis Competition and Coexistence by : Ulrich Sommer
Download or read book Competition and Coexistence written by Ulrich Sommer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question "Why are there so many species?" has puzzled ecologist for a long time. Initially, an academic question, it has gained practical interest by the recent awareness of global biodiversity loss. Species diversity in local ecosystems has always been discussed in relation to the problem of competi tive exclusion and the apparent contradiction between the competitive exclu sion principle and the overwhelming richness of species found in nature. Competition as a mechanism structuring ecological communities has never been uncontroversial. Not only its importance but even its existence have been debated. On the one extreme, some ecologists have taken competi tion for granted and have used it as an explanation by default if the distribu tion of a species was more restricted than could be explained by physiology and dispersal history. For decades, competition has been a core mechanism behind popular concepts like ecological niche, succession, limiting similarity, and character displacement, among others. For some, competition has almost become synonymous with the Darwinian "struggle for existence", although simple plausibility should tell us that organisms have to struggle against much more than competitors, e.g. predators, parasites, pathogens, and envi ronmental harshness.
Book Synopsis Marine and Coastal Protected Areas by : Rodney V. Salm
Download or read book Marine and Coastal Protected Areas written by Rodney V. Salm and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2000 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new edition of the classic textbook on marine protected area (MPA) management in the tropics, originally produced as an output of the Bali World Parks Congress in 1982. Approaches to planning and managing MPAs have evolved considerably. Major advances include innovative financing mechanisms, partnerships with the private sector and NGOs, and collaborative management between government and coastal communities. These advances have brought new approaches for MPA establishment and management that are more participatory, involving communities through interaction and collaboration rather than prescription. With new case studies and illustrations, the guide comes in a water-resistant cover for field use. It is intended for those who plan individual and/or national MPA systems and gives philosophical context for MPAs along with some basic principles and approaches.
Book Synopsis Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Protection by : Ryan Nelson Cloutier
Download or read book Direct and Indirect Effects of Marine Protection written by Ryan Nelson Cloutier and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fishing is one of the most pervasive anthropogenic stressors to the world's oceans. As a result, reversing declining trends in fish populations and restoring the health of the world's oceans will largely depend on the efficacy of future fisheries management. In 2002, Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) announced the creation of a series of Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs), a type of marine protected area, along the coast of British Columbia, Canada. In this thesis I explore the direct and indirect consequences of RCAs in the Strait of Georgia. I found that RCAs currently harbour higher densities of rockfish than do ecologically equivalent unprotected areas but these differences in meso-predator numbers have not induced detectable effects at lower trophic levels (i.e., trophic cascades). This study is the first to assess on a large scale the effectiveness of this federal marine management strategy, implemented for a group of threatened species.
Book Synopsis YOUMARES 9 - the Oceans: Our Research, Our Future by : Simon Jungblut
Download or read book YOUMARES 9 - the Oceans: Our Research, Our Future written by Simon Jungblut and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field. .
