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Independent Belarus
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Book Synopsis Independent Belarus by : Margarita Mercedes Balmaceda
Download or read book Independent Belarus written by Margarita Mercedes Balmaceda and published by Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. This book was released on 2002 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To discuss developments in Belarus, an international group of scholars and policymakers gathered at Harvard University in 1999. The broad spectrum of issues covered is examined in this volume, providing an understanding of Belarus today and its prospects for the future.
Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Belarus by : Grigory V. Ioffe
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Belarus written by Grigory V. Ioffe and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belarus is one of fifteen successor states of the former Soviet Union. It’s the only post-Soviet state that is in full of control of its territory and has no territorial conflicts with its neighbors. It’s squeezed between Russia and the European Union. Belarus had never been an independent nation prior to the Soviet Union’s disintegration and its identity is still evolving. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Belarus contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Belarus.
Download or read book Belarus written by David R. Marples and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1999 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the key questions about postcommunist Belarus, and comes to the optimistic conclusion that Belarus will survive into the twenty-first century, but as a Eurasian, rather than a European state.
Download or read book Belarus written by Jan Zaprudnik and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1993-08-17 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belarus—sometimes called “the Western Gate of the Soviet Union”—has been placed by history between powerful states to the east and west. Soldiers of Muscovy and Poland, of Napoleon and Hitler, and of Alexander I and Stalin have all left their mark. Its territory has been laid claim to by both the Russians and the Poles, and religious and political echoes of their challenges continue to be heard. In this timely volume, Jan Zaprudnik—himself a native Belarusan—paints a vivid picture of the complex past of Belarus (formerly known as Belorussia), paving the way for his analysis of the challenges facing the newly independent republic.In recent years Belarus has been less visible to the world than the Baltic republics to the north or Ukraine to the south, yet this multiethnic republic has undergone a significant demographic, social, cultural, and political evolution since 1956. A proclamation of state sovereignty in July 1990 combined with the accelerated fragmentation of the Soviet Union to push Belarus along the uncertain road to independence—a process that culminated with a declaration of full independence in August 1991.Although perestroika contributed to a dramatic rise in national consciousness among the people of Belarus, the new nation-state is notable for in its quest for interethnic coexistence and for peaceful solutions to the problems brought about by independence.
Book Synopsis Struggle over Identity by : Nelly Bekus
Download or read book Struggle over Identity written by Nelly Bekus and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-20 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rejecting the cliché about "weak identity and underdeveloped nationalism," Bekus argues for the co-existence of two parallel concepts of Belarusianness—the official and the alternative one—which mirrors the current state of the Belarusian people more accurately and allows for a different interpretation of the interconnection between the democratization and nationalization of Belarusian society.The book describes how the ethno-symbolic nation of the Belarusian nationalists, based on the cultural capital of the Golden Age of the Belarusian past (17th century) competes with the "nation" institutionalized and reified by the numerous civic rituals and social practices under the auspices of the actual Belarusian state.Comparing the two concepts not only provides understanding of the logic that dominates Belarusian society's self-description models, but also enables us to evaluate the chances of alternative Belarusianness to win this unequal struggle over identity.
Download or read book Belarus written by Patricia Levy and published by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2018-04-15 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belarus as an official autonomous country only achieved independence in 1991. With its history full of conflict, culture, and many different rulers, this former member of the Soviet Union must now face a future trying to balance influence and values from both the East and the West. The people of Belarus have struggled to find a national identity, but today they hold strong to their traditions, language, beliefs, lifestyle, and culture. Readers will learn about historic and modern Belarus through detailed writing, captivating photographs, engaging sidebars, and much more.
Author :United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Current Situtation [sic] in Belarus by : United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Download or read book The Current Situtation [sic] in Belarus written by United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Belarus--independence as National Idea by : S. G. Musienko
Download or read book Belarus--independence as National Idea written by S. G. Musienko and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, 1906–1931 by : Per Anders Rudling
Download or read book The Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, 1906–1931 written by Per Anders Rudling and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2015-02-27 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Belarusian nationalism emerged in the early twentieth century during a dramatic period that included a mass exodus, multiple occupations, seven years of warfare, and the partition of the Belarusian lands. In this original history, Per Anders Rudling traces the evolution of modern Belarusian nationalism from its origins in late imperial Russia to the early 1930s. The revolution of 1905 opened a window of opportunity, and debates swirled around definitions of ethnic, racial, or cultural belonging. By March of 1918, a small group of nationalists had declared the formation of a Belarusian People's Republic (BNR), with territories based on ethnographic claims. Less than a year later, the Soviets claimed roughly the same area for a Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). Belarusian statehood was declared no less than six times between 1918 and 1920. In 1921, the treaty of Riga officially divided the Belarusian lands between Poland and the Soviet Union. Polish authorities subjected Western Belarus to policies of assimilation, alienating much of the population. At the same time, the Soviet establishment of Belarusian-language cultural and educational institutions in Eastern Belarus stimulated national activism in Western Belarus. Sporadic partisan warfare against Polish authorities occurred until the mid-1920s, with Lithuanian and Soviet support. On both sides of the border, Belarusian activists engaged in a process of mythmaking and national mobilization. By 1926, Belarusian political activism had peaked, but then waned when coups d'etats brought authoritarian rule to Poland and Lithuania. The year 1927 saw a crackdown on the Western Belarusian national movement, and in Eastern Belarus, Stalin's consolidation of power led to a brutal transformation of society and the uprooting of Belarusian national communists. As a small group of elites, Belarusian nationalists had been dependent on German, Lithuanian, Polish, and Soviet sponsors since 1915. The geopolitical rivalry provided opportunities, but also liabilities. After 1926, maneuvering this complex and progressively hostile landscape became difficult. Support from Kaunas and Moscow for the Western Belarusian nationalists attracted the interest of the Polish authorities, and the increasingly autonomous republican institutions in Minsk became a concern for the central government in the Kremlin. As Rudling shows, Belarus was a historic battleground that served as a political tool, borderland, and buffer zone between greater powers. Nationalism arrived late, was limited to a relatively small elite, and was suppressed in its early stages. The tumultuous process, however, established the idea of Belarusian statehood, left behind a modern foundation myth, and bequeathed the institutional framework of a proto-state, all of which resurfaced as building blocks for national consolidation when Belarus gained independence in 1991.
Book Synopsis Who are the Belarusians? by : Alan Adamоŭ
Download or read book Who are the Belarusians? written by Alan Adamоŭ and published by Austin Macauley Publishers. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Guide to Belarusians, Belarus and what makes the country unique. Being on the crossroads between invading armies since time immemorial, Belarus has emerged with a growing sense of identity that sets them apart from their neighbours. The author opens the lid on the background, attitudes and behaviour of a people about which little is known. ‘Belarusians often describe themselves with the word ‘Pamiarkoŭnasć’. This spans the kaleidoscope of attitudes such as ‘moderation’, ‘self-restraint’, ‘patience’, ‘resignation’, ‘tolerance’ and an excessive interest in what other people think of them.’ ‘Whereas in the UK politeness is generally applied in order to preserve a general sense of harmony, in Belarus it is selective and done for specific reasons and in specific contexts. A Belarusian is polite when the situation demands.’ ‘In the bus, there may be an empty place in an otherwise crowded interior while many are standing uncomfortably. The empty seat is like the last biscuit on the plate – everybody wants it but are too polite to take it.’ ‘Generally, the Belarusians are a law-abiding folk. This is not necessarily an instinctive need to adhere to the rules or a paranoia about the results of not following them. In fact in most cases, there is a feeling that it is better to stay within the rules which amount to one of the few uncertainties in life than to go out on a limb and risk unforeseen consequences.’
Download or read book Belarus written by David Marples and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In any assessment and understanding of Belarus, the key questions to address include; why has Belarus apparently rejected independence under its first president Alyaksandr Lukashenka, and sought a union with Russia? Why has the government rejected democracy, infringed on the human rights of its citizens and fundamentally altered its constitution in favour of presidential authority? Has the country made any progress toward market reforms? How have Russia and the West responded to the actions of Belarus? And what is the future likely to hold for its ten million citizens? The author's conclusions are optimistic. Belarus, he believes, will survive into the twenty-first century, but as a Eurasian rather than a European state.
Download or read book Belarus written by Andrew Savchenko and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belarus is known as the last dictatorship of Europe , yet its president enjoys public support. Its economy remains largely Soviet, yet exhibits high growth rates. Belarus styles itself as a European country yet clings to Russia as the only ally. The book explains these paradoxes by delving into history of Belarusian national institutions, including civil society, and the state.The book starts with an analysis of Belarusian national development from the time of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the short-lived Belarusian People s Republic of 1918. The discussion turns to the crucial interwar period, when all national institutions of modern Belarus had taken shape. Belarus s surprising ability to cope with post-Soviet economic and geopolitical changes is discussed in the final chapter.
Book Synopsis The A to Z of Belarus by : Vitali Silitski
Download or read book The A to Z of Belarus written by Vitali Silitski and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The political map of Eastern Europe changed dramatically in December 1991 when the leaders of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine huddled together in a Bielavieza Forest retreat and decided to dissolve the 15 union republics, which composed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). One of those republics was the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). A United Nations member since 1945, Belarus has a rich cultural heritage that is seen as a promising base for the development of a solid national identity and for real independence. It is this cultural heritage and sense of history that nourish the ongoing efforts of the nationalist minority, as well as the larger democratic opposition, to resist the regime of President Alaksandr Luka?enka who is bent on restoring ties to Russia. Thus Belarus, with its burdens of the past and potential for the future, finds itself in a struggle that will affect not only its own destiny, but also the international structure of Eastern Europe. The A to Z of Belarus—through its chronology, introductory essays, appendixes, map, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects—traces Belarus' history and provides a compass for the direction the country is heading.
Download or read book Belarus written by Andrew Wilson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and revelatory history of modern Belarus - from independence to 2020's contested election In 2020 Belarus made headlines around the world when protests erupted in the aftermath of a fraught presidential election. Andrew Wilson explores both Belarus's complicated road to nationhood and its politics and economics since it gained independence in 1991. Two new chapters reveal the extent of Aliaksandr Lukashenka's grip on power, the growth of the opposition movement and the violent crackdown that followed the vote. Wilson also examines the prospects for Europe as a whole of either Lukashenka's downfall or his survival with Russian support. "Andrew Wilson has done all students of European politics a great service by making the history of Belarus comprehensible and by showing how the future of Belarus might be different than its present."--Timothy Snyder, author of Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin
Book Synopsis Belarus in Crisis by : Paul Hansbury
Download or read book Belarus in Crisis written by Paul Hansbury and published by Hurst Publishers. This book was released on 2023-04-14 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2020, mass anti-government protests erupted across Belarus. The brutal crackdown that followed shocked the international community: the authorities arrested tens of thousands of citizens, shut down independent media and NGOs, and fomented a migrant crisis on the European Union’s border. But where many thought Belarus’s dictator, Alyaksandr Lukashenka, would fall, he instead turned to Moscow for support, intensifying repression. Many of his opponents fled the country. Then, in February 2022, Belarus provided a staging area for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, allowing troops and missile systems to be based on its territory as large-scale war returned to Eastern Europe once again. Many outsiders now view Belarus as little more than a Russian military district, rather than a sovereign country. Paul Hansbury offers a wide-ranging account of these two related crises. Exploring the domestic origins of Belarus’s political chaos and its international ramifications, he also assesses the effectiveness of western sanctions policy, as well as considering the history and prospects of Belarusian statehood. Does Belarus have a future as an independent polity? And how has Russia’s war with Ukraine affected Belarusians’ views of their dictatorship and the cause of democracy in their country?
Download or read book Belarus written by Jan Zaprudnik and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1993-08-16 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author examines Belarus' complex past and analyzes the challenges facing the republic in the wake of a disintegrating Soviet Union.
Book Synopsis Belarus History, Early History by : Uzo Marvin
Download or read book Belarus History, Early History written by Uzo Marvin and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belarus have being under struggle, find out more about this country, and its sovereignty, the entire history of Belarus, the environment, Belarus people, Belarus culture, Belarus government, Belarus politics, Belarus tourism, and business environment, Belarus history book will provide you all the information about this country in every environment Since the late nineteenth century, national activists have based their attempts to create an independent Belarusian state based on the Belorussian language, which had been kept alive over the centuries mainly by peasants. The stage was set for the emergence of a national consciousness by the industrialization and urbanization of the nineteenth century and by the subsequent publication of literature in the Belorussian language, which was often suppressed by Russian, and later Polish, authorities. It is ironic, then, that the first long-lived Belorussian state entity, the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Belorussian SSR), was created by outside forces--the Bolshevik government in Moscow. And it was those same forces, the communists, whose downfall in 1991 precipitated the existence of an independent Belarus, which has been torn between its desire for independence and a longing for integration with newly independent Russia
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