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Book Synopsis A Systematic Approach to Identifying Traffic Safety Needs and Intervention Programs for Indiana Volume I-Research Report by : Andrew Tarko
Download or read book A Systematic Approach to Identifying Traffic Safety Needs and Intervention Programs for Indiana Volume I-Research Report written by Andrew Tarko and published by . This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of JTRP Project: "A Systematic Approach of Identifying Safety Intervention Programs for Indiana (SNIP2)," which aimed to develop SNIP2 to support identification of roads that have excessive crashes of the types defined by the user. In addition, this tool is capable of selecting the best combination of high-crash roads and relevant safety interventions that maximizes the safety benefits and keeps the total cost within the budget and other user-defined constraints.Unlike other studies considering the implementation time of safety projects, the optimization objective of SNIP2 is to identify an optimal combination of countermeasures renewable within a long time horizon. This simplification is accomplished by representing the projects through their annualized costs and benefits. It allows consideration of many projects for large road networks and it makes the SNIP2 suitable for identification of safety focus areas in strategic safety plans. The SNIP optimizer--an heuristic approximation of a large-size mixed integer knapsack problem based on a greedy search was extensively tested and evaluated. It was found producing optimal or near-optimal solutions in a sufficiently short time. Another research result is a comprehensive catalog of countermeasures for Indiana--a list of countermeasure names, road and crash conditions for the countermeasure relevance, corresponding crash modification factors, and countermeasure costs.The SNIP2 is computer software developed with close collaboration with the INDOT future users. It includes an updated crash and state road database. A user's manual describes on the necessary details of the software and various aspects of its use. Two example studies are also included in the manual to illustrate its use and to better presents the SNIP2 features.
Book Synopsis Indentifying Traffic Safety Needs - a Systematic Approach by : Andrew P. Tarko
Download or read book Indentifying Traffic Safety Needs - a Systematic Approach written by Andrew P. Tarko and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-12 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) manages road safety in Indiana through safety emphasis areas, identification of safety needs within these areas, and development and implementation of transportation interventions that address the safety needs. Indiana applies system-wide performance screening to state roads using the somewhat limited, non-integrated tools available to date. A site-specific countermeasure development and evaluation process (scoring) is being used to determine essential project intent and merit or cost-effectiveness. This project addresses the need for a unifying approach to data-driven identification of safety emphasis areas and safety improvement projects via a systematic evaluation of safety needs in the Indiana road network. Such a method must utilize a database that integrates the Indiana state network, traffic, road inventory, and crash data. A method for safety screening of state roads in Indiana was developed with the following screening tasks in mind: (1) Identifying high crash locations (segments, intersection, ramps and bridges), corridors, and areas in terms of high crash frequency, crash rate, or proportion of a particular crash type. (2) Facilitating program-based screening (e.g., shoulder widening, median improvement). (3) Facilitating special programs and projects (e.g., five percent report). In order to ensure the versatility of screening tasks and the data maintenance, four components were included in the screening tool: (1) data management, (2) standard screening, (3) roads clustering and special studies, (4) results presentation.
Book Synopsis A Systematic Approach to Identifying Traffic Safety Needs and Intervention Programs for Indiana Volume II-SNIP2 User Manual by : Andrew Tarko
Download or read book A Systematic Approach to Identifying Traffic Safety Needs and Intervention Programs for Indiana Volume II-SNIP2 User Manual written by Andrew Tarko and published by . This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of JTRP Project: "A Systematic Approach of Identifying Safety Intervention Programs for Indiana (SNIP2)," which aimed to develop SNIP2 to support identification of roads that have excessive crashes of the types defined by the user. In addition, this tool is capable of selecting the best combination of high-crash roads and relevant safety interventions that maximizes the safety benefits and keeps the total cost within the budget and other user-defined constraints.Unlike other studies considering the implementation time of safety projects, the optimization objective of SNIP2 is to identify an optimal combination of countermeasures renewable within a long time horizon. This simplification is accomplished by representing the projects through their annualized costs and benefits. It allows consideration of many projects for large road networks and it makes the SNIP2 suitable for identification of safety focus areas in strategic safety plans. The SNIP optimizer'an heuristic approximation of a large-size mixed integer knapsack problem based on a greedy search was extensively tested and evaluated. It was found producing optimal or near-optimal solutions in a sufficiently short time. Another research result is a comprehensive catalog of countermeasures for Indiana'a list of countermeasure names, road and crash conditions for the countermeasure relevance, corresponding crash modification factors, and countermeasure costs.The SNIP2 is computer software developed with close collaboration with the INDOT future users. It includes an updated crash and state road database. A user's manual describes on the necessary details of the software and various aspects of its use. Two example studies are also included in the manual to illustrate its use and to better presents the SNIP2 features.
Download or read book Traffic Safety written by George Yannis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-15 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport systems are facing an impossible dilemma: satisfy an increasing demand for mobility of people and goods, while decreasing their fossil-energy requirements and preserving the environment. Additionally, transport has an opportunity to evolve in a changing world, with new services, technologies but also new requirements (fast delivery, reliability, improved accessibility). The subject of traffic is organized into two separate but complementary volumes: Volume 3 on Traffic Management and Volume 4 on Traffic Safety. Traffic Safety, Volume 4 of the Research for Innovative Transports Set, presents a collection of updated papers from the TRA 2014 Conference, highlighting the diversity of research in this field. Theoretical chapters and practical case studies address topics such as road safety management and policies, accident analysis and modeling, vulnerable road users' safety, road infrastructure safety, ITS and railway safety.
Book Synopsis Designing Safe Road Systems by : Jan Theeuwes
Download or read book Designing Safe Road Systems written by Jan Theeuwes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many books focus on individual differences and how those relate to traffic safety such as accident proneness, gender differences, age, alcohol, and the effects of drugs. Others focus on the safety effects regarding the vehicle such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, navigation systems, intelligent cruise control and other new gadgets coming to the vehicle. Even though these topics are undoubtedly important for traffic safety, this book takes a unique approach as it focuses solely on the road environment. Designing Safe Road Systems provides the background for those who want to know more about the effects of road design on driving behaviour. It uses a systems approach to allow a better understanding of why and in what circumstances drivers may commit errors. This understanding will ultimately lead to road systems that prevent (fatal) errors from occurring. The book contains an overview of the current models and theories about human performance and human behaviour in traffic that are relevant for all those involved in designing safe road systems. The central theme of this book is how design principles can reduce the probability of an error while driving. The authors demonstrate how knowledge of human factors helps a road authority to better understand how road users behave. They argue that in many cases the design of the environment can be further adjusted to human capabilities, and that safety should be considered a system property to be built into the road system.
Book Synopsis Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis by : Darren J. Torbic
Download or read book Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis written by Darren J. Torbic and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional approaches to safety have focused on identifying high-crash locations and implementing projects to address predominant concerns at these locations. The systemic approach to safety is a method of safety management that typically involves lower unit cost safety improvements that are widely implemented based on high risk factors. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 955: Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis provides guidance to state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies on how to apply a systemic safety management approach for identifying safety improvement projects. Material associated with the report includes NCHRP Web-Only Document 285: Developing a Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis and a PowerPoint of the summary of project findings and future research needs.
Book Synopsis A Systematic Approach to Urban Traffic Safety by : Dustin James Kerksieck
Download or read book A Systematic Approach to Urban Traffic Safety written by Dustin James Kerksieck and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, Boston announced that it would pursue a "Vision Zero" policy to eliminate fatal and serious traffic crashes in the City. The Vision Zero goal has been adopted by a growing number of cities in the United States, but these programs are all very recent and actions to achieve that goal vary by jurisdiction. Vision Zero best practices have not yet been established in this country. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a systematic framework for an effective Vision Zero policy in Boston by borrowing and expanding on concepts from successful programs in Europe. This thesis explores Vision Zero's origins in Sweden and the Netherlands and reviews a number of behavioral models that are relevant to urban traffic safety. Based on these behavioral models, five fundamental principles of safe streets are established to be used as the basis for all planning and design decisions. By applying the five fundamental principles, a list of critical action items for the City is provided, followed by a brief case study illustrating how the five principles can be used to inform concrete design decisions.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309392551 Total Pages :273 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health, and Highway Safety written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are approximately 4,000 fatalities in crashes involving trucks and buses in the United States each year. Though estimates are wide-ranging, possibly 10 to 20 percent of these crashes might have involved fatigued drivers. The stresses associated with their particular jobs (irregular schedules, etc.) and the lifestyle that many truck and bus drivers lead, puts them at substantial risk for insufficient sleep and for developing short- and long-term health problems. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health and Highway Safety assesses the state of knowledge about the relationship of such factors as hours of driving, hours on duty, and periods of rest to the fatigue experienced by truck and bus drivers while driving and the implications for the safe operation of their vehicles. This report evaluates the relationship of these factors to drivers' health over the longer term, and identifies improvements in data and research methods that can lead to better understanding in both areas.
Book Synopsis Special Study: a Systematic Approach to Pipeline Safety by : United States. National Transportation Safety Board
Download or read book Special Study: a Systematic Approach to Pipeline Safety written by United States. National Transportation Safety Board and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Systematic Methodology for Highway Safety Problem Identification by : Dale Preston Scruggs
Download or read book A Systematic Methodology for Highway Safety Problem Identification written by Dale Preston Scruggs and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Network Screening Methodologies for Prioritization of Sites with Promise by : Anemone Ahmad Kasasbeh
Download or read book Network Screening Methodologies for Prioritization of Sites with Promise written by Anemone Ahmad Kasasbeh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety is the very important element when constructing a roadway network. In 2010, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) issued the first edition of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). The HSM presents a sixstep safety management process that offers highway engineers and others with a scientific and systematic approach to improving and managing roadway safety. The first step of this approach is Network Screening. Network Screening aims to find and identify the locations that could benefit most in terms of safety improvements based on a high concentration of crash events. The ranking logically tends to lead to the hypothesis that the most highly ranked locations are the clear target where road establishments and authorities should assign their often-limited road safety resources. Nevertheless, these locations comprise the highest frequency of crashes. Crashes by nature are often spatially random, rare, and are scattered all over the roadway network. The idea of only allocating safety resources to these locations can be one of the most effective method of increasing road safety. Therefore, this study, as any safety study, is concerned about reducing the number of crashes and its severity on the roadway network. This study focused on reducing specific types of target crashes (head-on and sideswipe opposite direction) by implementing a suitable counter measure. This thesis was established to complete one of the objectives of a previous project by the University of Wyoming’s Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering. That project intended to study the safety effectiveness of highway signs requiring use of headlights during daylight hours (referred to as regulatory headlight signs). This thesis came to complete the work of that project by highlighting the best locations that will benefit from the counter measure. For the first time in Wyoming this thesis investigated the applicability of the Network Screening methods following the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). Network Screening consists of three different screening methods that can be applied using 13 performance measures to come up with what would be best to serve the roadway safety needs of Wyoming. Target crashes as mentioned above are the head-on and sideswipe opposite direction on Two-Way Two-Lane rural highways (TWTL) having a posted speed higher than 60 miles per hour (mph). The TWTL segments were screened to select the most hazardous locations for implementing the studied counter measure (headlight signs). Network screening could be applied by using either simple methods based on crash frequencies and rates, or applied using advanced methods that use the empirical Bayes (EB) approach. However, traditional methods have minimal data requirements, they have several issues, limitations, and biasness. Moreover, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology was used to help analyze the most hazardous locations, as an additional visual method. The GIS study was added for the sake of comparison between the target crash analysis using HSM and the GIS analysis. Also, a development of a Safety Performance Functions was done using both Negative Binomial (NB) method and Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP). Therefore, the models resulted from NB did not converge in contrast to those from the ZIP. The reason behind this finding is because the Target Crashes (Head-On & Sideswipe) are rare events and many segments had zero crashes. Last but not least a logistic model had been used to find the hazardous locations using probability. The results of this study can be extended to be used for implementing other countermeasures that can reduce the same target crashes (head-on and opposite direction sideswipe). Countermeasures other than headlight signs are rumble strips, pavement markings, passing lanes, delineator posts, other regulatory signs, snow fences, etc.
Book Synopsis Traffic Safety Culture by : Nicholas John Ward
Download or read book Traffic Safety Culture written by Nicholas John Ward and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides traffic safety researchers and practitioners with an international and multi-disciplinary compendium of theoretical and methodological concepts relevant to the research and application of Traffic Safety Culture aiming towards a vision of zero traffic fatalities.
Book Synopsis Spatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions by : Becky P. Y. Loo
Download or read book Spatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions written by Becky P. Y. Loo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-21 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examine the Prevalence and Geography of Road CollisionsSpatial Analysis Methods of Road Traffic Collisions centers on the geographical nature of road crashes, and uses spatial methods to provide a greater understanding of the patterns and processes that cause them. Written by internationally known experts in the field of transport geography, the bo
Download or read book Traffic Safety Digest written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transportation Infrastructure by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Transportation Infrastructure written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) required states to develop and implement six systems for managing highway pavement, bridges, highway safety, traffic congestion, public transportation facilities and equipment, and intermodal transportation facilities and systems. In 1995, the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 - often called the NHS Act - made the systems optional, except the congestion management system in certain areas, and prohibited the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) from withholding funds from states that elected not to implement any system. In addition, the NHS Act required the General Accounting Office (GAO) to examine issues concerning the states' implementation of the management systems. GAO agreed to identify (1) the status of the states' development and implementation of the systems, (2) how the states expect to use the systems, and (3) the factors that have facilitated or hindered the development and implementation of the systems.
Book Synopsis Transportation Infrastructure by : Susan A. Fleming
Download or read book Transportation Infrastructure written by Susan A. Fleming and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999-05 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 required states to develop and implement 6 systems for managing highway pavement, bridges, highway safety, traffic congestion, public transportation facilities and equipment, and intermodal transportation facilities and systems. In 1995, the National Highway System Designation Act made the systems optional. This report identifies: the status of the states' development and implementation of the transportation management systems; how the states expect to use the systems; and the factors that have facilitated or hindered the development and implementation of the systems.
Book Synopsis Oversight Hearings on the Highway Safety Program - 1971, Hearings Before ... 92-1, on May 10-14, 1971 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works
Download or read book Oversight Hearings on the Highway Safety Program - 1971, Hearings Before ... 92-1, on May 10-14, 1971 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
