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Author : Alfred J. Kahn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Income Transfers for Families with Children written by Alfred J. Kahn and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Donald A. P. Bundy
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464804397
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) written by Donald A. P. Bundy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.
Author : Urban Institute
Publisher : Urban Institute Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Income Transfers and Family Structure written by Urban Institute and published by Urban Institute Press. This book was released on 1975 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hema Shah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Unconditional Cash Transfers for Families with Children in the U.S. written by Hema Shah and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children represent the largest indirect beneficiaries of the U.S. social welfare system. Yet, many questions remain about the direct benefits of cash aid to children. The current understanding of the impacts of cash aid in the U.S. is drawn primarily from studies of in-kind benefits, tax credits, and conditional cash aid programs. A corresponding economics literature focuses on the labor supply responses of parents and the role of income, parenting skills, and early education as family investment mechanisms that reduce socioeconomic inequality in children's well-being. In contrast to the U.S., dozens of low- to middle-income nations use direct cash aid--conditional or unconditional--as a central policy strategy, with demonstrated positive effects across a host of economic and health measures and selected aspects of children's health and schooling. This paper reviews the economic research on U.S. safety net programs and cash aid to families with children and what existing studies reveal about its impacts on family investment mechanisms and children's outcomes. We specifically highlight gaps in understanding the impacts of unconditional cash aid on children. We then review nine contemporary unconditional cash transfer programs and discuss their promise and limitations in filling the U.S.-based economic evidence gap about the impact of cash aid on children's development.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309483980
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Author : Joseph G. Altonji
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Income and Wealth on Time and Money Transfers Between Parents and Children written by Joseph G. Altonji and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use the 1988 PSID to study the effects of income and wealth on transfers of money and time between individuals and their parents as well as the effects of incomes of other relatives on these flows. We relate the relative incomes of parents and parents in-law to transfer amounts given and received by married couples. We also study how the relative incomes of divorced parents influence transfers. We find that money transfers tend to reduce inequality in household incomes and that time transfers are only weakly related to income differences. Richer siblings give more to parents and receive less. Among parents and parents in-law the richer set of parents is more likely to give money and less likely to receive money. The same is true of divorced parents. In contrast to the implications of simple exchange models of transfers, there is little evidence in the cross section or in the analysis using siblings that parental income or wealth raises time transfers from children or that time transfers are exchanged for money transfers. In the cross section and among siblings, the strong negative relationship between time transfers and distance from parents is not associated with a strong negative relationship between distance and money transfers. We discuss the implications of our results for alternative models of transfers.
Author : Urban Institute
Publisher : Urban Institute Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Income Transfers and Family Structure written by Urban Institute and published by Urban Institute Press. This book was released on 1975 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Larry L. Orr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (499 download)
Download or read book Income Transfers as a Public Good : an Application to AFDC [Aid to Families with Dependent Children written by Larry L. Orr and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yeun Hee Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book The Economic Effects of the Combined Non-income-tested Transfers for Families with Children written by Yeun Hee Kim and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew C. Barr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Investing in Infants written by Andrew C. Barr and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide new evidence that cash transfers following the birth of a first child can have large and long-lasting effects on that child's outcomes. We take advantage of the January 1 birthdate cutoff for U.S. child-related tax benefits, which results in families of otherwise similar children receiving substantially different refunds during the first year of life. For the average low-income single-child family in our sample this difference amounts to roughly $1,300, or 10 percent of income. Using the universe of administrative federal tax data in selected years, we show that this transfer in infancy increases young adult earnings by at least 1 to 2 percent, with larger effects for males. These effects show up at earlier ages in terms of improved math and reading test scores and a higher likelihood of high school graduation. The observed effects on shorter-run parental outcomes suggest that additional liquidity during the critical window following the birth of a first child leads to persistent increases in family income that likely contribute to the downstream effects on children's outcomes. The longer-term effects on child earnings alone are large enough that the transfer pays for itself through subsequent increases in federal income tax revenue.
Author : Ming Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Intergenerational Transfers written by Ming Chen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Theodore R. Marmor
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351497588
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Poverty Policy written by Theodore R. Marmor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cash transfers are but one form of income supplementation, and a fuller presentation of antipoverty proposals would include both transfers in-kind (such as food, housing, and medical care) and human investment programs aimed at increasing the earning capacity of individuals. Much discussion has centered on how to reduce poverty by getting more cash income in the hands of poor people. This collection brings together in one accessible volume the most widely discussed plans for reducing financial poverty in the United States through cash transfers.
Author : W. G. Picot
Publisher : Analytical Studies Branch, Statistics Canada
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Social Transfers, Changing Family Structure, and Low Income Among Children written by W. G. Picot and published by Analytical Studies Branch, Statistics Canada. This book was released on 1995 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our aim in this paper is to resolve a paradox. Since the 1970s, there has been a downward secular trend in the average real and relative earnings of young adults under the age of 35. Despite the fact that most young children live in households headed by adults under 35, there has been no corresponding secular rise in the incidence of low income among children. Rather child poverty has followed the usual fluctuations of the business cycle. We show that the relative stability in child poverty rates in the face of declining labour market earnings is a result of two factors. First, the decline in market income in young households with children has been offset by rising transfers. Since the 1970s, social transfers have replaced earnings as the main source of income among low income families with children. Second, changes in the fertility behaviour and labour market characteristics of young adults have sharply reduced the risk of young children growing up in low income households. Today's young parents are better educated, working more hours, having fewer children, and postponing childbirth until later ages when earnings are higher. Although more children do find themselves in single parent families, this change has been swamped by other changes in family patterns and labour market behaviour that have reduced the risk of child poverty. Thus, the upward pressure on low income among children stemming from the labour market has been offset by social transfers, on the one hand, and by changes in family formation and the labour market behaviour of young adults, on the other. Except for cyclical variations, the result has been relative stability in the incidence of low income among children over the 1980s and early 1990s. Whether these offsetting patterns will continue in the last half of the 1990s remains to be seen.
Author : Sudipto Banerjee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Intra-Family Cash Transfers in Older American Households written by Sudipto Banerjee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reports the frequency and extent of intra-family cash transfers: both transfers from older households to their children and grandchildren, and vice versa. It also shows how these transfers are correlated with income levels and compares the asset and income levels of households that make such transfers and those that don't. The results show that a very small portion of older households receive transfers from their younger generations, while a much larger section of older households transfer money to their younger generations. The amounts transferred by older households are much higher than what they receive. These transfers are highly correlated with income. The average annual transfer amounts are large enough to be considered as a major spending item in a household budget. From 1998 through 2010, there has been an increasing trend of transfers going from older households (those where at least one member of the household is ages 50 and above) to their family members. Very few older households (4 percent to 5 percent) receive cash transfers from their families, compared with those who transfer money (38 percent to 45 percent) to their younger family members. Among those ages 50 and above, relatively younger households are more likely to transfer money to their families and relatively older households are more likely to receive such transfers. The amount transferred from older Americans to their children and grandchildren generally goes down with age. During a two-year period between 2008 and 2010, the average amounts transferred by households who had at least one member between ages 50-64 and ages 85 or above were $8,350 and $4,787 respectively. The average transfer amounts from younger family members to older households are much smaller. During the same two-year period, households who had at least one member ages 85 or above received the highest average transfers among all age groups and the average amount was $359. Higher-income households are more likely to transfer money to their family members. Households in the top income quartile transfer much larger amounts to their family members than those in the lower quartiles. Older households that transfer money to their families have much higher income and assets compared with those that do not make such transfers.
Author : National Bureau of Economic Research
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226533568
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (335 download)
Download or read book Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2003-10-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few United States government programs are as controversial as those designed to aid the poor. From tax credits to medical assistance, aid to needy families is surrounded by debate—on what benefits should be offered, what forms they should take, and how they should be administered. The past few decades, in fact, have seen this debate lead to broad transformations of aid programs themselves, with Aid to Families with Dependent Children replaced by Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, the Earned Income Tax Credit growing from a minor program to one of the most important for low-income families, and Medicaid greatly expanding its eligibility. This volume provides a remarkable overview of how such programs actually work, offering an impressive wealth of information on the nation's nine largest "means-tested" programs—that is, those in which some test of income forms the basis for participation. For each program, contributors describe origins and goals, summarize policy histories and current rules, and discuss the recipient's characteristics as well as the different types of benefits they receive. Each chapter then provides an overview of scholarly research on each program, bringing together the results of the field's most rigorous statistical examinations. The result is a fascinating portrayal of the evolution and current state of means-tested programs, one that charts a number of shifts in emphasis—the decline of cash assistance, for instance, and the increasing emphasis on work. This exemplary portrait of the nation's safety net will be an invaluable reference for anyone interested in American social policy.
Author : Garnett Picot
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Social Transfers, Changing Family Structure, and Low Income Among Children written by Garnett Picot and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our aim in this paper is to resolve a paradox. Since the 1970s, there has been a downward secular trend in the average real and relative earnings of young adults under the age of 35. Despite the fact that most young children live in households headed by adults under 35, there has been no corresponding secular rise in the incidence of low income among children. Rather child poverty has followed the usual fluctuations of the business cycle. We show that the relative stability in child poverty rates in the face of declining labor market earnings is a result of two factors. First, the decline in market income in young households with children has been offset by rising transfers. Since the 1970s, social transfers have replaced earnings as the main source of income among low income families with children. Second, changes in the fertility behavior and labor market characteristics of young adults have sharply reduced the risk of young children growing up in low income households. Today's young parents are better educated, working more hours, having fewer children, and postponing child-birth until later ages when earnings are higher. Although more children do find themselves in single parent families, this change has been swamped by other changes in family patterns and labor market behavior that have reduced the risk of child poverty. Thus, the upward pressure on low income among children stemming from the labor market has been offset by social transfers, on the one hand, and by changes in family formation and the labor market behavior of young adults, on the other. Except for cyclical variations, the result has been relative stability in the incidence of low income among children over the 1980s and early 1990s. Whether these offsetting patterns will continue in the last half of the 1990s remains to be seen.
Author : Irwin Garfinkel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Income Transfer Policy in the United States written by Irwin Garfinkel and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
