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In Vivo Quantification Of Cardiac Microstructure With Convex Optimized Diffusion Weighted Mri
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Book Synopsis In Vivo Quantification of Cardiac Microstructure with Convex Optimized Diffusion Weighted MRI by : Eric Aliotta
Download or read book In Vivo Quantification of Cardiac Microstructure with Convex Optimized Diffusion Weighted MRI written by Eric Aliotta and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a powerful quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can probe tissues in vivo at the microscopic level and provide insight into cellular microstructural environment. Cardiac DWI has great potential value in its ability to answer open questions regarding myocardial structure, dynamics, and remodeling. Unfortunately, several technical limitations of current DWI techniques make its application in the beating heart very challenging, which leads to erroneous or inconsistent results. Amongst the challenges are an extreme sensitivity to bulk physiological motion, low signal to noise ratios (SNR), long scan times, and geometric image distortions. In this dissertation, these limitations are addressed with novel technical developments applied to the DWI pulse sequence including convex optimized diffusion gradient waveform design and multi-parametric tissue characterization. A brief introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and MRI is provided in Chapter 1. This leads into a description of the fundamental components of a DWI acquisition in Chapter 2 and an overview of the current state of cardiac DWI in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, a novel DWI strategy called Convex Optimized Diffusion Encoding (CODE) is described. CODE is a mathematical framework that formulates diffusion encoding gradient design as a convex optimization problem and automatically generates motion compensated (MOCO) waveforms that achieve the shortest possible echo times (TE) and thus improve SNR. First and second order moment nulled CODE (CODE-M1M2) permits DWI that is robust to cardiac motion with higher SNR than an existing MOCO technique. First order motion compensated CODE-M1 also improves robustness to cardiac induced motion in liver DWI with higher SNR than M1 nulled bipolar DWI. CODE can also be used for non-motion compensated DWI and improves SNR compared with traditional monopolar DWI in the brain. In Chapter 5 we present a multi-parametric DWI strategy that simultaneously yields maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 relaxation time constant in the heart (T2+ADC). Typically, DWI protocols include multiple acquisitions with a range of diffusion encoding strengths (b-value), but with constant TE to isolate the effect of diffusion of the signal. The joint T2+ADC approach varies both b-value and TE within the acquisition to facilitate estimation of both ADC and T2 relaxation. T2+ADC permits joint reconstruction with no increase in scan time compared with DWI alone and no effect on ADC measurement. In Chapter 6 we use CODE-M1M2 diffusion encoding to perform cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) and generate maps of myocardial microstructure in healthy volunteers. cDTI can be used to map myocardial fiber and myolaminar sheetlet orientations, which can contribute to our understanding of ventricular microstructure in health and disease and facilitate sophisticated mechanical models of cardiac dynamics. However, it is important to understand the uncertainty underlying these measurements to inform interpretation and define acquisition limitations. We apply a previously described bootstrap technique to measure the uncertainty in the diffusion tensors derived from CODE-M1M2 cDTI and establish achievable levels of precision in clinically feasible scan times. In Chapter 7 the CODE framework is extended to compensate for the effect of eddy currents, which are a common cause of image distortions in DWI and DTI. Diffusion encoding gradients must be very strong to encode microscopic molecular displacements and these strong gradient pulses induce unwanted eddy currents in conductive MRI hardware components. If not addressed, eddy currents lead to distorted images and corrupted diffusion parameter estimates. We incorporate an eddy current model into the CODE optimization framework to develop eddy current nulled CODE (EN-CODE). EN-CODE accomplishes eddy current nulling with TEs that are comparable to traditional monopolar encoding and much shorter than the established twice refocused spin echo (TRSE) technique for eddy current nulling. The developments described in this dissertation represent an improvement in the flexibility, efficiency, and robustness of diffusion encoding. The CODE framework can also be easily modified to address additional constraints and thus may prove useful in currently unforeseen applications.
Book Synopsis Low B-values Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the in Vivo Human Heart by : Stanislas Rapacchi
Download or read book Low B-values Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the in Vivo Human Heart written by Stanislas Rapacchi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI, or DWI) enables the access to the structural information of body tissues through the reading of water molecules Brownian motion. Its applications are many in brain imaging, from clinical practice to research. However physiological motion induces an additional signal-loss when diffusion encoding is applied. This motion-induced signal-loss limits greatly its applications in cardiac imaging. Using low diffusion-weighting values (b) DWI reduces this sensitivity but permits only the imaging of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), which combines both water diffusion and perfusion. IVIM imaging has many applications in body MRI, from tissue characterization to perfusion quantification but remains unexplored for the imaging of the heart. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the context of low b-values DWI imaging of the heart, propose methodological contributions and then apply the developed techniques experimentally. We identified cardiac motion as one of the major sources of motion-induced signal loss. Although bulk motion can be corrected with a non-rigid registration algorithm, additional signal-loss remains uncorrected for and prevents accurate DWI of the myocardium. The study of diffusion-weighted signal-loss induced by cardiac motion in a volunteer provided a time-window when motion is at minimum in diastole. Within this optimal time-window, fluctuation of intensity attests of variable remaining physiological motion. A solution to repeat acquisition with shifted trigger-times ease the capture of motion amplitude minima, i.e. DWI-intensity maxima. Temporal maximum intensity projection (TMIP) finally retrieves diffusion weighted images of minimal motion-induced signal-loss. We evaluated various attempts of sequence development with TMIP: usual spin-echo echo-planar imaging (se-EPI) sequence can be improved but suffers aliasing issues; a balanced steady-state free-precession (b-SSFP) combined with a diffusion preparation is more robust to spatial distortions but typical banding artifacts prevent its applicability; finally a state-of-the-art double-spin-echo EPI sequence produces less artifacted DWI results. With this sequence, TMIP-DWI proves to significantly reduce motion-induced signal-loss in the imaging of the myocardium. The drawback with TMIP comes from noise spikes that can easily be highlighted. To compensate for TMIP noise sensitivity, we separated noise spikes from smooth fluctuation of intensity using a novel approach based on localized principal component analysis (PCA). The decomposition was made so as to preserve anatomical features while increasing signal and contrast to noise ratios (SNR, CNR). With PCATMIP-DWI, both signal-intensity and SNR are increased theoretically and experimentally. Benefits were quantified in a simulation before being validated in volunteers. Additionally the technique showed reproducible results in a sample of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, with a contrast matching the extent and location of the injured area. Contrarily to brain imaging, in vivo low b-values DWI should be differentiated from ex vivo DWI pure diffusion measurements. Thus PCATMIP-DWI might provide an injection-free technique for exploring cardiac IVIM imaging. Early results encourage the exploration of PCATMIP-DWI in an experimental model of cardiac diseases. Moreover the access to higher b values would permit the study of the full IVIM model for the human heart that retrieves and separates both perfusion and diffusion information.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, An Issue of Heart Failure Clinics E-Book by : Subha V. Raman
Download or read book Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, An Issue of Heart Failure Clinics E-Book written by Subha V. Raman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Heart Failure Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Subha V. Raman, will cover key topics in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. This issue is one of four issues selected each year by our series consulting editor, Dr. Eduardo Bossone. Topics discussed in this issue will include: When to use CMR for patients with heart failure; Quantifying cardiac dysfunction with CMR; CMR in heritable cardiomyopathies; CMR in ischemic cardiomyopathy; CMR in right heart and pulmonary circulation disorders; CMR of myocardial fibrosis, edema, and infiltrates in heart failure; Magnetic resonance-based characterization of myocardial architecture; CMR in valvular heart disease-related heart failure; Pericardial disease with CMR; CMR’s central role in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity; Intracardiac and vascular hemodynamics with CMR in heart failure; Myocardial energetics with CMR; CMR in congenital heart disease: focus on heart failure; and Machine learning in CMR applied to heart failure.
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance by : Warren J. Manning
Download or read book Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance written by Warren J. Manning and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides state-of-the-art coverage of CMR technologies and guidelines, including basic principles, imaging techniques, ischemic heart disease, right ventricular and congenital heart disease, vascular and pericardium conditions, and functional cardiovascular disease. Includes new chapters on non-cardiac pathology, pacemaker safety, economics of CMR, and guidelines as well as new coverage of myocarditis and its diagnosis and assessment of prognosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and the use of PET/CMR imaging of the heart, especially in sarcoidosis. Features more than 1,100 high-quality images representing today’s CMR imaging. Covers T1, T2 and ECV mapping, as well as T2* imaging in iron overload, which has been shown to save lives in patients with thalassaemia major Discusses the cost-effectiveness of CMR.
Book Synopsis Protocols and Methodologies in Basic Science and Clinical Cardiac MRI by : Christakis Constantinides
Download or read book Protocols and Methodologies in Basic Science and Clinical Cardiac MRI written by Christakis Constantinides and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the practical issues of the implementation of state-of-the-art acquisition methodologies and protocols for both basic science and clinical practice. It is a practical guidebook for both beginners and advanced users for easy and practical implementation of acquisition protocols. It is relevant for a wide audience that ranges from students, residents, fellows, basic scientists, physicists, engineers, and medical practitioners. The novelty of this book relates to its intended practical use and focus on state-of-the-art cardiac MRI techniques that span both the clinical and basic science fields. In comparison and contrast to other pre-existing books, this book will distinguish from others for its practical usefulness and conciseness. Correspondingly, the book will be used as a handbook (quick reference) for new starters or people who would like to establish state-of-the-art cardiac MRI techniques in their institutions. Given the historical evolution of technique development in MRI, the clinical and basic science topics will be described separately. However, in instances where basic science development complemented (or is envisaged to complement) clinical development (e.g., Diffusion MRI and tractography), every effort will be made to allow a comprehensive review and associations of the clinical/basic science subfields.
Author :Committee on the Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Dynamic Biomedical Imaging Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309552923 Total Pages :261 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging by : Committee on the Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Dynamic Biomedical Imaging
Download or read book Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging written by Committee on the Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Dynamic Biomedical Imaging and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This cross-disciplinary book documents the key research challenges in the mathematical sciences and physics that could enable the economical development of novel biomedical imaging devices. It is hoped that the infusion of new insights from mathematical scientists and physicists will accelerate progress in imaging. Incorporating input from dozens of biomedical researchers who described what they perceived as key open problems of imaging that are amenable to attack by mathematical scientists and physicists, this book introduces the frontiers of biomedical imaging, especially the imaging of dynamic physiological functions, to the educated nonspecialist. Ten imaging modalities are covered, from the well-established (e.g., CAT scanning, MRI) to the more speculative (e.g., electrical and magnetic source imaging). For each modality, mathematics and physics research challenges are identified and a short list of suggested reading offered. Two additional chapters offer visions of the next generation of surgical and interventional techniques and of image processing. A final chapter provides an overview of mathematical issues that cut across the various modalities.
Book Synopsis Medical Imaging Systems by : Andreas Maier
Download or read book Medical Imaging Systems written by Andreas Maier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging by : Susumu Mori
Download or read book Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging written by Susumu Mori and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concepts behind diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are commonly difficult to grasp, even for magnetic resonance physicists. To make matters worse, a many more complex higher-order methods have been proposed over the last few years to overcome the now well-known deficiencies of DTI. In Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging: And Higher Order Models, these concepts are explained through extensive use of illustrations rather than equations to help readers gain a more intuitive understanding of the inner workings of these techniques. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI images and tractography results, the design of experiments, and the types of application studies that can be undertaken. Diffusion MRI is a very active field of research, and theories and techniques are constantly evolving. To make sense of this constantly shifting landscape, there is a need for a textbook that explains the concepts behind how these techniques work in a way that is easy and intuitive to understand—Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging fills this gap. Extensive use of illustrations to explain the concepts of diffusion tensor imaging and related methods Easy to understand, even without a background in physics Includes sections on image interpretation, experimental design, and applications Up-to-date information on more recent higher-order models, which are increasingly being used for clinical applications
Book Synopsis Acquisition Guideline by : United States. National Park Service
Download or read book Acquisition Guideline written by United States. National Park Service and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling and Simulating Cardiac Electrical Activity by : David J. Christini
Download or read book Modeling and Simulating Cardiac Electrical Activity written by David J. Christini and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough introduction to the topic of mathematical modeling of electrical activity in the heart, from molecular details of ionic channel dynamics to clinically derived patient-specific models. It discusses how cellular ionic models are formulated, introduces commonly used models and explains why there are so many different models available. The chapters cover modeling of the intracellular calcium handling that underlies cellular contraction as well as modeling molecular-level details of cardiac ion channels, and also focus on specialized topics such as cardiomyocyte energetics and signalling pathways. It is an excellent resource for experienced and specialised researchers in the field, but also biological scientists with a limited background in mathematical modelling and computational methods. Part of Biophysical Society-IOP series.
Book Synopsis MRI Atlas of Human White Matter by : Kenichi Oishi
Download or read book MRI Atlas of Human White Matter written by Kenichi Oishi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-12 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MRI Atlas of Human White Matter presents an atlas to the human brain on the basis of T 1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. A general background on magnetic resonance imaging is provided, as well as the basics of diffusion tensor imaging. An overview of the principles and limitations in using this methodology in fiber tracking is included. This book describes the core white-matter structures, as well as the superficial white matter, the deep gray matter, and the cortex. It also presents a three-dimensional reconstruction and atlas of the brain white-matter tracts. The Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates, which are the most widely used, are adopted in this book as the primary coordinate system. The Talairach coordinate system is used as the secondary coordinate system. Based on magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, the book offers a full segmentation of 220 white-matter and gray-matter structures with boundaries. Visualization of brain white matter anatomy via 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) contrasts and enhances relationship of anatomy to function Full segmentation of 170+ brain regions more clearly defines structure boundaries than previous point-and-annotate anatomical labeling, and connectivity is mapped in a way not provided by traditional atlases
Book Synopsis Atlas of Human Brain Connections by : Marco Catani
Download or read book Atlas of Human Brain Connections written by Marco Catani and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major challenges of modern neuroscience is to define the complex pattern of neural connections that underlie cognition and behaviour. This atlas capitalises on novel diffusion MRI tractography methods to provide a comprehensive overview of connections derived from virtual in vivo tractography dissections of the human brain.
Book Synopsis Diffusion NMR of Confined Systems by : Rustem Valiullin
Download or read book Diffusion NMR of Confined Systems written by Rustem Valiullin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increasing role of porous solids in conventional and newly emerging technologies, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of fluid behaviour confined to pore spaces of these materials especially with regard to their transport properties. From its early years, NMR has been recognized as a powerful experimental technique enabling direct access to this information. In the last two decades, the methodological development of different NMR techniques to assess dynamic properties of adsorbed ensembles has been progressed. This book will report on these recent advances and look at new broader applications in engineering and medicine. Having both academic and industrial relevance, this unique reference will be for specialists working in the research areas and for advanced graduate and postgraduate studies who want information on the versatility of diffusion NMR.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Neurography by : Chhabra Avneesh
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Neurography written by Chhabra Avneesh and published by JAYPEE BROTHERS PUBLISHERS. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first of its kind, combination of concise explanations and focused clinical information satisfies the needs of practicing radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, plastic and other peripheral nerve surgeons in need of a handy reference and technologists performing MRN studies. Written by two experts of magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) practitioners and educators, this thoroughly illustrated resource delivers how the information you need to perform and interpret peripheral nerve MR imaging studies with confidence. Concise descriptions and high quality illustrations combined wit.
Book Synopsis Clinical Functional MRI by : Christoph Stippich
Download or read book Clinical Functional MRI written by Christoph Stippich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-27 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second, revised edition of this successful textbook provides an up-to-date description of the use of preoperative fMRI in patients with brain tumors and epilepsies. State of the art fMRI procedures are presented, with detailed consideration of practical aspects, imaging and data processing, normal and pathological findings, and diagnostic possibilities and limitations. Relevant information on brain physiology, functional neuroanatomy, imaging technique, and methodology is provided by recognized experts in these fields. Compared with the first edition, chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments and in particular the current use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state fMRI. Entirely new chapters are included on resting-state presurgical fMRI and the role of DTI and tractography in brain tumor surgery. Further chapters address multimodality functional neuroimaging, brain plasticity, and pitfalls, tips, and tricks.
Book Synopsis Machine Learning for Medical Image Reconstruction by : Florian Knoll
Download or read book Machine Learning for Medical Image Reconstruction written by Florian Knoll and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Machine Learning for Medical Reconstruction, MLMIR 2019, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2019, in Shenzhen, China, in October 2019. The 24 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: deep learning for magnetic resonance imaging; deep learning for computed tomography; and deep learning for general image reconstruction.
Book Synopsis Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Zhi-Pei Liang
Download or read book Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Zhi-Pei Liang and published by Wiley-IEEE Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1971 Dr. Paul C. Lauterbur pioneered spatial information encoding principles that made image formation possible by using magnetic resonance signals. Now Lauterbur, "father of the MRI", and Dr. Zhi-Pei Liang have co-authored the first engineering textbook on magnetic resonance imaging. This long-awaited, definitive text will help undergraduate and graduate students of biomedical engineering, biomedical imaging scientists, radiologists, and electrical engineers gain an in-depth understanding of MRI principles. The authors use a signal processing approach to describe the fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging. You will find a clear and rigorous discussion of these carefully selected essential topics: Mathematical fundamentals Signal generation and detection principles Signal characteristics Signal localization principles Image reconstruction techniques Image contrast mechanisms Image resolution, noise, and artifacts Fast-scan imaging Constrained reconstruction Complete with a comprehensive set of examples and homework problems, Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the must-read book to improve your knowledge of this revolutionary technique.
