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Author : Tianling Ou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book In Vivo Evolution of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies from Engineered B-cell Repertoires written by Tianling Ou and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shiqiang Lu
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361031438
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (314 download)
Download or read book IDENTIFICATION & IN VITRO AFFI written by Shiqiang Lu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and in Vitro Affinity Maturation of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein-specific Early Intermediate B Cells Isolated From Immortalized Human Naïve B Cell Library" by Shiqiang, Lu, 卢士強, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been increasingly isolated since 2009. The therapeutic and prophylactic values of bNAbs have been well recognized because these antibodies confer full protection in animal models at relatively low concentrations that are achievable by vaccination. However, the development of effective vaccines to induce such antibodies remains a challenge. The bNAbs are highly mutated and often polyreactive. Moreover, the inferred germline antibodies of known bNAbs do not bind recombinant HIV-1 envelopes (Env). Based on these findings, we hypothesized that naive B cells were activated by non-HIV-1 immunogens, which triggered the initial somatic mutations of germline antibody genes. The limited mutations authorized the B cells (intermediate B cells) the ability to bind HIV-1 envelopes. Upon HIV-1 infection or vaccination with Envs, antibody affinity maturation would be further induced, leading to the development of bNAbs. Although HIV-1 intermediate antibodies have recently been isolated from health donors, information about the statute of HIV-1 intermediate B cells in vivo is rare. The main objective of this study is to isolate HIV-1 intermediate B cells from healthy donors followed by characterization and in vitro maturation of the isolated intermediate B cells. A highly efficient EBV transformation method was used to immortalize purified naive B cells from healthy donors. The enrichment of HIV-1 envelope-specific B cells was observed after panning of library with magnetic beads. An HIV-1intermediate B cell line (LCL-P4) was generated which acquired the germinal center-like B cell phenotype, but did not express AID, an enzyme responsible for the initiation of somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells. Interestingly, the variable region of LCL-P4 heavy chain shares the same VDJ recombination as PG16, a known HIV-1 bNAbs, according to IMGT analysis. Similar to PG16, LCL-P4 also shows preferential binding with gp140 trimers to gp120 or gp41 monomer. This paper is the first report of an HIV-1 intermediate B cell line generated by panning EBV-immortalized naive B cell libraries. To study the in vitro maturation of identified HIV-1 intermediate B cells, a full-length human antibody display platform was established by constructing two lentiviral expression plasmids with distinct antibiotic-resistant genes for the co-expression of IgH and IgLon mammalian cell surface. All the necessary gene fragments encoding the full-length IgG1, except the variable regions, were cloned to the two plasmids. Using a known bNAb b12 as a model Ab, an in vitro antibody affinity maturation system was further developed based on AID-induced somatic hypermutation. AID-induced mutations could be detected in both B and non-B cells. An HcRed reverse assay was conducted, which enabled the early detection of AID-induced mutations. This full-length human antibody display platform and in vitro antibody affinity maturation method may be used to study the mechanisms of B cell development in vivo, as well as for de novo discovery and engineering of human monoclonal antibodies. Subjects: HIV (Viruses) B cells
Author : Derek T. O’Hagan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592590837
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)
Download or read book Vaccine Adjuvants written by Derek T. O’Hagan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derek T. O'Hagan and a team of expert vaccinologists and pharmacologists thoroughly describe the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of a wide range of alternative vaccine adjuvants for use in preclinical studies. Each chapter carefully reviews a single adjuvant, and suggests why a specific adjuvant might be preferred for a given antigen, depending on what type of immune response is desired. Alternate adjuvant choices are also presented so that researchers can choose those most efficacious for their specific purpose. Comprehensive and highly practical, Vaccine Adjuvants: Preparation Methods and Research Protocols provides an effective guide to making and using vaccine adjuvants. By closely following directions from the book, today's researchers will be able optimally to induce specific immune responses against different types of antigens and to selectively manipulate the immune response in a favorable way.
Author : Tasuku Honjo
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780123979339
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (793 download)
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics.
Author : Rogier Willem Sanders
Publisher : Amsterdam University Press
ISBN 13 : 9789053566671
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (666 download)
Download or read book The HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins written by Rogier Willem Sanders and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for a vaccine against HIV is obvious, but the development of an effective vaccine has met with frustrations. The HIV envelope glycoproteins, residing in the viral membrane, are the sole viral proteins exposed on the outside of virus particles and.
Author : Anne E. Magurran
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199580669
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)
Download or read book Biological Diversity written by Anne E. Magurran and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up to date review of the methods of measuring and assessing biological diversity, together with their application.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309220424
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tabulation and analysis of amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of precursors, v-regions, c-regions, j-chain, T-cell receptors for antigen, T-cell surface antigens, l-microglobulins, major histocompatibility antigens, thy-1, complement, c-reactive protein, thymopoietin, integrins, post-gamma globulin, -macroglobulins, and other related proteins.
Author : Tristan Vaughan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527340866
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Protein Therapeutics, 2 Volume Set written by Tristan Vaughan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Branchenführende Big-Pharma-Unternehmen und erstklassige Forscher präsentieren grundlegende Konzepte und Herausforderungen bei proteinbasierten Pharmazeutika. Beinhaltet auch eine Einführung in die aus Sicht der Arzneimittelentwicklung fünf wesentlichen Anwendungsbereiche.
Author : Tamas Fulop
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402090633
Total Pages : 1693 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309173051
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Monoclonal Antibody Production written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-06 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) petitioned the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on April 23, 1997, to prohibit the use of animals in the production of mAb. On September 18, 1997, NIH declined to prohibit the use of mice in mAb production, stating that "the ascites method of mAb production is scientifically appropriate for some research projects and cannot be replaced." On March 26, 1998, AAVS submitted a second petition, stating that "NIH failed to provide valid scientific reasons for not supporting a proposed ban." The office of the NIH director asked the National Research Council to conduct a study of methods of producing mAb. In response to that request, the Research Council appointed the Committee on Methods of Producing Monoclonal Antibodies, to act on behalf of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the Commission on Life Sciences, to conduct the study. The 11 expert members of the committee had extensive experience in biomedical research, laboratory animal medicine, animal welfare, pain research, and patient advocacy (Appendix B). The committee was asked to determine whether there was a scientific necessity for the mouse ascites method; if so, whether the method caused pain or distress; and, if so, what could be done to minimize the pain or distress. The committee was also asked to comment on available in vitro methods; to suggest what acceptable scientific rationale, if any, there was for using the mouse ascites method; and to identify regulatory requirements for the continued use of the mouse ascites method. The committee held an open data-gathering meeting during which its members summarized data bearing on those questions. A 1-day workshop (Appendix A) was attended by 34 participants, 14 of whom made formal presentations. A second meeting was held to finalize the report. The present report was written on the basis of information in the literature and information presented at the meeting and the workshop.
Author : Nouri Neamati
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118015363
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)
Download or read book HIV-1 Integrase written by Nouri Neamati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers the mechanisms of action and inhibitor design for HIV-1 integrase. It serves as a resource for scientists facing challenging drug design issues and researchers in antiviral drug discovery. Despite numerous review articles and isolated book chapters dealing with HIV-1 integrase, there has not been a single source for those working to devise anti-AIDS drugs against this promising target. But this book fills that gap and offers a valuable introduction to the field for the interdisciplinary scientists who will need to work together to design drugs that target HIV-1 integrase.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309219396
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-30 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.
Author : Linqi Zhang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 981130484X
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book HIV Vaccines and Cure written by Linqi Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive review of the major barriers to HIV cure and vaccine. It covers the fundamental virology and immunology leading to HIV transmission, protection from infection and long term HIV persistence on antiretroviral therapy. In addition, strategies being tested to eliminate persistent HIV and the rational design of vaccines to induce protective immunity are covered. This book also discusses the challenges related to the design of clinical trials for testing the safety and efficacy of these innovative approaches. This book will provide a systematic overview and also discuss controversial issues for researchers in virology and immunology, as well as practicing physicians, and scientists in the pharmaceutical industry.
Author : Alice Longobardi Givan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118688392
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Flow Cytometry written by Alice Longobardi Givan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow cytometry continually amazes scientists with its ever-expanding utility. Advances in flow cytometry have opened new directions in theoretical science, clinical diagnosis, and medical practice. The new edition of Flow Cytometry: First Principles provides a thorough update of this now classic text, reflecting innovations in the field while outlining the fundamental elements of instrumentation, sample preparation, and data analysis. Flow Cytometry: First Principles, Second Edition explains the basic principles of flow cytometry, surveying its primary scientific and clinical applications and highlighting state-of-the-art techniques at the frontiers of research. This edition contains extensive revisions of all chapters, including new discussions on fluorochrome and laser options for multicolor analysis, an additionalsection on apoptosis in the chapter on DNA, and new chapters onintracellular protein staining and cell sorting, including high-speed sorting and alternative sorting methods, as well as traditional technology. This essential resource: Assumes no prior knowledge of flow cytometry Progresses with an informal, engaging lecture style from simpleto more complex concepts Offers a clear introduction to new vocabulary, principles of instrumentation, and strategies for data analysis Emphasizes the theory relevant to all flow cytometry, with examples from a variety of clinical and scientific fields Flow Cytometry: First Principles, Second Edition provides scientists, clinicians, technologists, and students with the knowledge necessary for beginning the practice of flow cytometry and for understanding related literature.
Author : Margaret Ackerman
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123948185
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Margaret Ackerman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody Fc is the first single text to synthesize the literature on the mechanisms underlying the dramatic variability of antibodies to influence the immune response. The book demonstrates the importance of the Fc domain, including protective mechanisms, effector cell types, genetic data, and variability in Fc domain function. This volume is a critical single-source reference for researchers in vaccine discovery, immunologists, microbiologists, oncologists and protein engineers as well as graduate students in immunology and vaccinology. Antibodies represent the correlate of protection for numerous vaccines and are the most rapidly growing class of drugs, with applications ranging from cancer and infectious disease to autoimmunity. Researchers have long understood the variable domain of antibodies, which are responsible for antigen recognition, and can provide protection by blocking the function of their target antigen. However, recent developments in our understanding of the protection mediated by antibodies have highlighted the critical nature of the antibody constant, or Fc domain, in the biological activity of antibodies. The Fc domain allows antibodies to link the adaptive and innate immune systems, providing specificity to a wide range of innate effector cells. In addition, they provide a feedback loop to regulate the character of the immune response via interactions with B cells and antigen-presenting cells. Clarifies the different mechanisms of IgG activity at the level of the different model systems used, including human genetic, mouse, and in vitro Covers the role of antibodies in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity and in the setting of monoclonal antibody therapy as well as naturally raised antibodies Color illustrations enhance explanations of the immune system
Author : Guido Silvestri
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303002816X
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book HIV-1 Latency written by Guido Silvestri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency, in characterizing residual viral reservoirs, and in developing targeted interventions to reduce HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Specific chapters address the molecular mechanisms that govern and regulate HIV-1 transcription and latency; assays and technical approaches to quantify viral reservoirs in humans and animal models; the complex interchange between viral reservoirs and the host immune system; computational strategies to model viral reservoir dynamics; and the development of therapeutic approaches that target viral reservoir cells. With contributions from an interdisciplinary group of investigators that cover a broad spectrum of subjects, from molecular virology to proof-of-principle clinical trials, this book is a valuable resource for basic scientists, translational investigators, infectious-disease physicians, individuals living with HIV/AIDS and the general public.
