In Vitro Study Of Cancer Cell Extravasation In Microfluidic Platform

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In Vitro Study of Cancer Cell Extravasation in Microfluidic Platform

Author : Jessie Sungyun Jeon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis In Vitro Study of Cancer Cell Extravasation in Microfluidic Platform by : Jessie Sungyun Jeon

Download or read book In Vitro Study of Cancer Cell Extravasation in Microfluidic Platform written by Jessie Sungyun Jeon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer metastases arise from the cancer cells that disseminate from the primary tumor, intravasate into the vascular system and eventually transmigrate across the endothelium into to a secondary site through a process of extravasation. Microfluidic systems have a major advantage in studying cancer extravasation since they can mimic aspects of the 3D in vivo situation in a controlled environment while simultaneously providing in situ imaging capabilities for visualization, thereby enabling quantification of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Moreover, microfluidics enable parametric study of multiple factors in controlled and repeatable conditions. This thesis describes novel 3D microfluidic models to mimic the tumor microenvironment and vasculature during cancer cell extravasation in order to investigate the critical steps of extravasation. First, a general non-organ-specific cancer cell extravasation model is developed in which the endothelial cells that cover the walls of the microfluidic channel represent the vessel endothelium, and the entire extravasation process including tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium and subsequent transmigration can be observed. A second model is then introduced to mimic organ-specific extravasation and investigate the preference of certain types of cancer to target specific organs for metastass. The improved model was used to study the specificity of human breast cancer metastases to bone, by recreating a vascularized bone-mimicking microenvironment. The tri-culture system allowed us to study the transendothelial migration of highly metastatic breast cancer cells and to monitor their behavior within the bone-like matrix. Next, functional microvascular networks were generated in the microfluidic system through vasculogenesis with addition of mural cells and pro-angiogenic factors to better replicate the normal physiological vasculature of the remote site for metastasis. Lastly, the vasculogenesis approach was combined with the bone-mimicking model to develop a functional osteo-cell conditioned vasculature model to study physiologically relevant extravasation in a bone-like microenvironment. In addition to the quantification of extravasation rates and subsequent tumor cell migration into the model tissue, the vascular networks were characterized by measuring permeability, and immunostaining of proteins secreted by osteo-cell and mural cell markers confirmed the creation of microenvironments and the presence of multiple cell types within the matrix. This study provides novel 3D in vitro quantitative data on cancer cell extravasation and micrometastasis of breast cancer cells within a bone-mimicking microenvironment. The developed microfluidic system represents an advanced in vitro model to study complex biological phenomena such as extravasation involving functional microvascular networks under organ-specific conditions and demonstrates the potential value of microfluidic technologies to better understand cancer biology and screen for new therapeutics.

Tumor Cell Extravasation in an in Vitro Microvascular Network Platform

Author : Michelle Berkeley Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Tumor Cell Extravasation in an in Vitro Microvascular Network Platform by : Michelle Berkeley Chen

Download or read book Tumor Cell Extravasation in an in Vitro Microvascular Network Platform written by Michelle Berkeley Chen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of tumor cell extravasation is essential in creating therapies that target this crucial step in cancer metastasis. Extravasation assays exist, but with limitations; data from in vivo models are frequently inferred from low-resolution end-point assays while most in vitro platforms are limited in their physiological relevance of the tumor microenvironment. To address this need, we developed a microfluidic platform to study tumor cell extravasation from in vitro microvascular networks formed via vasculogenesis. Various techniques to yield optimal networks were assessed in order to achieve an appropriate balance between vascular growth, remodeling and stabilization. These include the application of various soluble biochemical factors and both paracrine and juxtacrine co-culture with stromal cells. We demonstrate that out of all methods attempted, paracrine non-contact co-culture with human lung fibroblasts yield the most interconnected and stable networks. Vasculatures developed exhibit tight endothelial cell-cell junctions, basement membrane deposition and physiological values of vessel permeability. Employing our assay, we demonstrate impaired endothelial barrier function and increased extravasation efficiency with inflammatory cytokine stimulation, as well as positive correlations between the metastatic potentials of tumor cells lines and their extravasation capabilities. High-resolution time-lapse microscopy reveals the highly dynamic nature of extravasation events, beginning with thin tumor cell protrusions across the endothelium followed by extrusion of the remainder of the cell body through the formation of sub nuclear sized openings in the endothelial barrier. No disruption to endothelial cell-cell junctions is discernible at 60X, or by changes in local barrier function after completion of transmigration. Using our platform, we also elucidate the extravasation patterns of different tumor cell subpopulations, including mechanically lodged cells, single arrested non-trapped cells, and tumor cell clusters. Our platform offers key advantages over existing in vitro extravasation models by enabling all of the following: (1) high temporal and spatial resolution of extravasation events, (2) the ability to perform parametric studies in a tightly controlled and high throughput microenvironment and (3) increased physiological relevance compared to 2D and 3D planar monolayer models. Findings from our platform result in a deeper understanding of tumor cell extravasation mechanisms and demonstrate our assay's potential to be employed for the discovery of factors that could inhibit this crucial step in metastasis.

Blood-brain Barrier Model on a Microfluidic Chip for the Study of Tumor Cell Extravasation

Author : Cynthia Hajal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Blood-brain Barrier Model on a Microfluidic Chip for the Study of Tumor Cell Extravasation by : Cynthia Hajal

Download or read book Blood-brain Barrier Model on a Microfluidic Chip for the Study of Tumor Cell Extravasation written by Cynthia Hajal and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With up to 40% of cancer patients showing metastatic lesions to the brain and a 30% five-year survival rate post-diagnosis, secondary tumors to the brain are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor cell extravasation at the brain is therefore crucial to the development of therapeutic agents targeting this step in cancer metastasis, and to the overall improvement of cancer survival rates . Investigating the interactions between tumor cells and brain stroma is of particular interest due to the site's unique microenvironment. In fact, the interface between brain and blood, known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is the tightest endothelial barrier in humans. The presence of tight junctions between brain endothelial cells, coupled with the spatial organization of pericytes and astrocytes around the vasculature, restrict the entry of most solutes and cells into the brain. Yet, the brain constitutes a common metastatic site to many primary cancers originating from the lung, breast and skin. This suggests that tumor cells must employ specific mechanisms to cross the blood-brain barrier. While in vitro models aimed at replicating the human blood-brain barrier exist, most are limited in their physiological relevance. In fact, the majority of these platforms rely on a monolayer of human brain endothelial cells in contact with pencytes, astrocytes and neurons. While this approach focuses on incorporating the relevant cell types of the brain microenvironment, it fails to accurately replicate the geometry of brain capillaries, the barrier tightness of the BBB, and the juxtacrine and paracrine signaling events occurring between brain endothelial cells and stromal cells during vasculogenesis. To integrate these features into a physiologically relevant blood-brain barrier model, we designed an in vitro microvascular network platform formed via vasculogenesis, using endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, primary human brain pericytes, and primary human brain astrocytes. The vasculatures formed with brain pericytes and astrocytes exhibit decreased cross-section areas, increased endothelial cell-cell tight junction expression and basement membrane deposition, as well as reduced and more physiologically relevant values of vessel permeability, compared to the vasculatures formed with endothelial cells alone. The addition of pericytes and astrocytes in the vascular system was also coupled with increased extravasation efficiencies of different tumor cell subpopulations, despite the lower permeability values measured in this BBB model. Moreover, an increase in the extravasation potential of metastasized breast tumor cells collected from the brain was recorded with the addition of pericytes and astrocytes, with respect to the parental breast tumor cell line. These results were not observed in metastasized breast tumor cells collected from the lung, thus validating our BBB model and providing useful insight into the role of pericytes and astrocytes in extravasation. Our microfluidic platform certainly provides advantages over the current state-of-the-art in vitro blood-brain barrier models. While being more physiologically relevant than most in vitro platforms when it comes to geometry, barrier function and juxtacrine/paracrine signaling between the relevant cell types, our model provides a robust platform to understand tumor cell-brain stromal cell interactions during extravasation.

Microfluidic Models of Tumor-stroma Interactions to Study the Interplay of Cancer Cells with Their Surrounding Microenvironment

Author : Danh Truong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Microfluidic Models of Tumor-stroma Interactions to Study the Interplay of Cancer Cells with Their Surrounding Microenvironment by : Danh Truong

Download or read book Microfluidic Models of Tumor-stroma Interactions to Study the Interplay of Cancer Cells with Their Surrounding Microenvironment written by Danh Truong and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Although early diagnostics using biomarkers and improved treatments with targeted therapy have reduced the rate of cancer related mortalities, there remain many unknowns regarding the contributions of the tumor microenvironment to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role by manipulating the progression of cancer cells through biochemical and biophysical signals from the surrounding stromal cells along with the extracellular matrix. As such, there is a critical need to understand how the tumor microenvironment influences the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis to facilitate the discovery of better therapies. This thesis described the development of microfluidic technologies to study the interplay of cancer cells with their surrounding microenvironment. The microfluidic model was used to assess how exposure to chemoattractant, epidermal growth factor (EGF), impacted 3D breast cancer cell invasion and enhanced cell motility speed was noted in the presence of EGF validating physiological cell behavior. Additionally, breast cancer and patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) cells were co-cultured to study cell-cell crosstalk and how it affected cancer invasion. GPNMB was identified as a novel gene of interest and it was shown that CAFs enhanced breast cancer invasion by up-regulating the expression of GPNMB on breast cancer cells resulting in increased migration speed. Lastly, this thesis described the design, biological validation, and use of this microfluidic platform as a new in vitro 3D organotypic model to study mechanisms of glioma stem cell (GSC) invasion in the context of a vascular niche. It was confirmed that CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling is involved in promoting GSC invasion in a 3D vascular microenvironment, while also demonstrating the effectiveness of the microfluidic as a drug screening assay. Taken together, the broader impacts of the microfluidic model developed in this dissertation include, a possible alternative platform to animal testing that is focused on mimicking human physiology, a potential ex vivo platform using patient-derived cells for studying the interplay of cancer cells with its surrounding microenvironment, and development of future therapeutic strategies tailored toward disrupting key molecular pathways involved in regulatory mechanisms of cancer invasion.

Microfluidic Platform for Investigating Osteocyte Mechanoregulation of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis

Author : Xueting Mei
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Microfluidic Platform for Investigating Osteocyte Mechanoregulation of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis by : Xueting Mei

Download or read book Microfluidic Platform for Investigating Osteocyte Mechanoregulation of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis written by Xueting Mei and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone metastasis is a severe complication that occurs in approximately 85% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Although the potential of exercise in attenuating metastatic tumor growth in bone had been shown in vivo, the role of mechanical loading on bone in preventing bone metastasis remains unknown. Osteocytes, as the major mechanosensory bone cells, are identified regulators in mediating loading inhibited bone metastasis in vitro. However, there is no ideal platform currently available for investigating the impact and mechanism underlying loading reduced bone metastasis. To bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro experiments, this thesis develops a novel microfluidic cancer extravasation platform that integrates bone mechanical loading and real-time bi-directional signaling between multiple cell populations within the bone metastasis environment. Using our microfluidic extravasation platform, we observed the overall effect that mechanically-stimulated osteocytes regulate breast cancer transendothelial extravasation indeed, and the specific impact is breast cancer type dependent.

A Microfluidic Platform to Study Cell Migration

Author : Smitha Malalur Nagaraja Rao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (796 download)

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Book Synopsis A Microfluidic Platform to Study Cell Migration by : Smitha Malalur Nagaraja Rao

Download or read book A Microfluidic Platform to Study Cell Migration written by Smitha Malalur Nagaraja Rao and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration of cancer cells from the primary organ to distant sites is critical to the development of malignant metastasis. This is partly dependant on the various chemical factors present in the blood serum. Cell motility studies using conventional Boyden chamber assays require high volumes of reagents. The measurement provides only an end-point result and time-lapse study of the cell deformation and migration cannot be performed. We have designed and evaluated a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device in order to study cell migration in the presence of gradients. Photolithography and soft lithography processes were used to fabricate the PDMS devices from the negative photoresist (SU-8) molds. The devices were then soft bonded to standard tissue culture plates. Conventional tissue culture techniques were employed and the cell culture environment was not compromised. Using our proposed designs, we can obtain cell number, location, migration rate and time taken for cells to migrate in response to chemoattractants. We propose two different methods to study cell migration in response to chemokine gradients. In the first method, the chemokines were continuously infused into the microfluidic system through a system of microchannels creating a sustainable gradient and migration of cells in this gradient environment was monitored. This device consists of three inlets and one outlet. The inlets were used to introduce chemokines along with culture media and cells in suspension. Time lapse video micrographs were used to determine concentration gradients and cell response in the gradients. The channels were designed to be 100 ıumı wide and 100 ıumı in height with two mixing stages leading into the outlet. The outlet was designed to be 900 ıumı wide and 100 ıumı in height. In the second method, the gradient was formed by diffusion over time in the microchannels after the chemoattractants were introduced. The device consists of two separate identical chambers that are interconnected by identical microchannels that are 10 ıumı high, 25 ıumı wide and 1 mm long. One chamber contains cells whose migration characteristics are to be evaluated, while the other chamber contains media with chemoattractants towards which the response of the cells needs to be analyzed. Timelapse photography was used to determine the migration of cells in the microchannels and obtain information regarding migration rate, cell number and identify migration potential of various stimulants. Two such designs were tested. The first one had four reservoirs, two each for cell seeding and addition of chemoattractants. This reduced chemokine consumption compared to conventional assays however, we aimed to further reduce the volume of reagents required. The third design had only one reservoir each for cell seeding and addition of chemoattractants. Several cell lines were tested against various factors. Normal human epithelial prostate (HPV-7) cells were tested against growth factors. Similarly, prostate cancer (PC-3) cells, lung metastasized prostate cancer cells (PC-3-ML), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), normal human mesangial (HMC) cells, kidney cancer (CaKi-2) cells were all tested against several antibodies and ionic chemicals. The migration rate, distance and cell numbers for each case were determined. Due to the ability of the microfluidic platform to mimic physiological dimensions and provide information regarding cell migration, we have called this platform as MiMiCTM standing for Microfluidic assay for Migration of Cells. This platform is cost effective and relies on very small volumes of reagents. It can maintain stable chemokine gradients in the channels, allow real-time quantitative study of cell migration and provide information about cellular dynamics and help in biomechanical analysis. The results demonstrate the utility of this microfluidic device as a platform to study cancer cell migration and point to potential applications in the identification of specific chemokine agents and drugs targeting cell migration. It also has the potential to be a complementary technique to Prostate specific antigen (PSA), that is used in Prostate cancer diagnosis. The device also allows high throughput assays and real time observation. It is our understanding that these techniques have not all been incorporated in a single device until now.

Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of a Novel Microfluidic Based in Vitro Cell Migration Assay

Author : Sai Sirisha Dhavala
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of a Novel Microfluidic Based in Vitro Cell Migration Assay by : Sai Sirisha Dhavala

Download or read book Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of a Novel Microfluidic Based in Vitro Cell Migration Assay written by Sai Sirisha Dhavala and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfabrication and microfluidic devices have been recognized as potential platforms for cell-based and drug screening studies. Human glioblastoma multiforme (hGBM) cells migrate inside the central nervous system (CNS) in narrow space constrictions and rarely metastasize through bloodstream. Hence, microfluidic devices consisting of narrow channels are considered as suitable models to study cell migration in vitro. Further the migratory capability of each individual cell could be easily obtained and quantified using such system. This effort presents the design and development of an alternative microfluidic system that provides an integrated array of channels for screening multiple drugs simultaneously. This system is an altered version of traditional system, where a single unit is replaced with multiple units to achieve high-throughput multi-screening platform. The device is tailored to screen various types and doses of drugs simultaneously thus increasing its efficiency. This design has the advantage of using multiple types of drugs of varying concentrations to simultaneously study their effectiveness to inhibit cancer cell migration. Using this platform the migration characteristics of cancer cells in response to various anti-cancer drugs is investigated as part of this research effort. Also, the therapeutic potential of anti-cancer drugs were evaluated quantitatively, in comparison with standard cancer migration (scratch wound) assay.

Tumor Organoids

Author : Shay Soker
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 3319605119
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Tumor Organoids by : Shay Soker

Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.

Capillary Fluid Exchange

Author : Joshua Scallan
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615040668
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Capillary Fluid Exchange by : Joshua Scallan

Download or read book Capillary Fluid Exchange written by Joshua Scallan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The partition of fluid between the vascular and interstitial compartments is regulated by forces (hydrostatic and oncotic) operating across the microvascular walls and the surface areas of permeable structures comprising the endothelial barrier to fluid and solute exchange, as well as within the extracellular matrix and lymphatics. In addition to its role in the regulation of vascular volume, transcapillary fluid filtration also allows for continuous turnover of water bathing tissue cells, providing the medium for diffusional flux of oxygen and nutrients required for cellular metabolism and removal of metabolic byproducts. Transendothelial volume flow has also been shown to influence vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles, hydraulic conductivity in capillaries, and neutrophil transmigration across postcapillary venules, while the flow of this filtrate through the interstitial spaces functions to modify the activities of parenchymal, resident tissue, and metastasizing tumor cells. Likewise, the flow of lymph, which is driven by capillary filtration, is important for the transport of immune and tumor cells, antigen delivery to lymph nodes, and for return of filtered fluid and extravasated proteins to the blood. Given this background, the aims of this treatise are to summarize our current understanding of the factors involved in the regulation of transcapillary fluid movement, how fluid movements across the endothelial barrier and through the interstitium and lymphatic vessels influence cell function and behavior, and the pathophysiology of edema formation. Table of Contents: Fluid Movement Across the Endothelial Barrier / The Interstitium / The Lymphatic Vasculature / Pathophysiology of Edema Formation

Nanotechnology for Microfluidics

Author : Xingyu Jiang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527345337
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanotechnology for Microfluidics by : Xingyu Jiang

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Microfluidics written by Xingyu Jiang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on microfluidics with applications in nanotechnology. The first part summarizes the recent advances and achievements in the field of microfluidic technology, with emphasize on the the influence of nanotechnology. The second part introduces various applications of microfluidics in nanotechnology, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and biomedical diagnosis.

Endothelial Cell Culture

Author : Roy Bicknell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521559904
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (599 download)

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Book Synopsis Endothelial Cell Culture by : Roy Bicknell

Download or read book Endothelial Cell Culture written by Roy Bicknell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-09-28 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the Handbooks in Practical Animal Cell Biology is to provide practical workbooks for those involved in primary cell culture. Each volume addresses a different cell lineage, and contains an introductory section followed by individual chapters on the culture of specific differentiated cell types. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers in their fields and use their first-hand experience to present reliable techniques in a clear and thorough manner. Endothelial Cell Culture contains chapters on endothelial cells derived from 1) lung, 2) bone marrow, 3) brain, 4) mammary glands, 5) skin, 6) adipose tissue, 7) female reproductive system, and 8) synovium.

Microfluidic Cell Culture Systems

Author : Jeffrey T Borenstein
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128136723
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Microfluidic Cell Culture Systems by : Jeffrey T Borenstein

Download or read book Microfluidic Cell Culture Systems written by Jeffrey T Borenstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Techniques for microfabricating intricate microfluidic structures that mimic the microenvironment of tissues and organs, combined with the development of biomaterials with carefully engineered surface properties, have enabled new paradigms in and cell culture-based models for human diseases. The dimensions of surface features and fluidic channels made accessible by these techniques are well-suited to the size scale of biological cells. Microfluidic Cell Culture Systems applies design and experimental techniques used in in microfluidics, and cell culture technologies to organ-on-chip systems. This book is intended to serve as a professional reference, providing a practical guide to design and fabrication of microfluidic systems and biomaterials for use in cell culture systems and human organ models. The book covers topics ranging from academic first principles of microfluidic design, to clinical translation strategies for cell culture protocols. The goal is to help professionals coming from an engineering background to adapt their expertise for use in cell culture and organ models applications, and likewise to help biologists to design and employ microfluidic technologies in their cell culture systems. This 2nd edition contains new material that strengthens the focus on in vitro models useful for drug discovery and development. One new chapter reviews liver organ models from an industry perspective, while others cover new technologies for scaling these models and for multi-organ systems. Other new chapters highlight the development of organ models and systems for specific applications in disease modeling and drug safety. Previous chapters have been revised to reflect the latest advances. Provides design and operation methodology for microfluidic and microfabricated materials and devices for organ-on-chip disease and safety models. This is a rapidly expanding field that will continue to grow along with advances in cell biology and microfluidics technologies. Comprehensively covers strategies and techniques ranging from academic first principles to industrial scale-up approaches. Readers will gain insight into cell-material interactions, microfluidic flow, and design principles. Offers three fundamental types of information: 1) design principles, 2) operation techniques, and 3) background information/perspectives. The book is carefully designed to strike a balance between these three areas, so it will be of use to a broad range of readers with different technical interests and educational levels.

Metastatic Cancer: Clinical and Biological Perspectives

Author : Rahul Jandial
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781587066597
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Metastatic Cancer: Clinical and Biological Perspectives by : Rahul Jandial

Download or read book Metastatic Cancer: Clinical and Biological Perspectives written by Rahul Jandial and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.

Metastasis Research Protocols

Author : Susan A. Brooks
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 159259137X
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Metastasis Research Protocols by : Susan A. Brooks

Download or read book Metastasis Research Protocols written by Susan A. Brooks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Volume I, Analysis of Cells and Tissues, we presented a range of protocols aimed at mapping and analyzing the expression of various molecules of pot- tial interest in metastasis research and for examining their production at the genetic level. In this second volume of metastasis research protocols, we move to the level of living cells and tissues and present methodologies applicable to examining metastatic behavior in vitro and in whole animal models. The methods described in the first section of this volume concentrate on the separation of cell lines with high and low metastatic potential, including the genetic modification of cell lines. The assay systems to test defined aspects of the metastatic cascade are then described in Part II and include cell migration assays, assays for matrix degrading enzymes, basement membrane degrading assays, adhesion assays, and assays of angiogenesis. The role of the specific elements of the metastatic cascade assayed in each of these systems in turn must of course be put into perspective relative to their roles in entire living organisms.

Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications

Author : Stephen E. Saddow
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323908268
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications by : Stephen E. Saddow

Download or read book Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications written by Stephen E. Saddow and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-07-13 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After over two decades of focused research and development, silicon carbide (SiC) is now ready for use in the healthcare sector and Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications provides an up-to-date assessment of SiC devices for long-term human use. It explores a plethora of applications that SiC is uniquely positioned for in human healthcare, beginning with the three primary areas of technology which are closest to human trials and thus adoption in the healthcare industry: neural implants and spinal cord repair, graphene and biosensors, and finally deep tissue cancer therapy using SiC nanotechnology. Biomedical-inspired engineers, scientists, and healthcare professionals will find this book to be very useful in two ways: (I) as a guide to new ways to design and develop advanced medical devices and (II) as a reference for new developments in the field. The book’s intent is to stimulate ideas for further technological enhancements and breakthroughs, which will provide alternative solutions for human healthcare applications. Discusses the utilization of SiC materials for biomedical applications Provides a logical pathway to understand why SiC is ideal for several critical applications, in particular for long-term implantable devices, and will serve as a guide to new ways to design and develop advanced medical devices Serves as a reference for new developments in the field and as a technology resource for medical doctors and practitioners looking to identify and implement advanced engineering solutions to everyday medical challenges that currently lack long-term, cost-effective solutions

Tumor Microenvironments in Organs

Author : Alexander Birbrair
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030362140
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Tumor Microenvironments in Organs by : Alexander Birbrair

Download or read book Tumor Microenvironments in Organs written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the tumor microenvironment in over thirty human organs, including the parathyroid gland, heart, intestine, testicles, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, these books update us on what we know about the different aspects of the tumor microenvironments in distinct organs as well as future directions. Tumor Microenvironments in Organs: From the Brain to the Skin – Part A is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment.

Nanotechnology Characterization Tools for Tissue Engineering and Medical Therapy

Author : Challa S.S.R. Kumar
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3662595966
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanotechnology Characterization Tools for Tissue Engineering and Medical Therapy by : Challa S.S.R. Kumar

Download or read book Nanotechnology Characterization Tools for Tissue Engineering and Medical Therapy written by Challa S.S.R. Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ninth volume of a 40 volume series on nanoscience and nanotechnology, edited by the renowned scientist Challa S.S.R. Kumar. This handbook gives a comprehensive overview about Nanotechnology Characterization Tools for Tissue Engineering and Medical Therapy. Modern applications and state-of-the-art techniques are covered and make this volume an essential reading for research scientists in academia and industry.