Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
In Situ Small Angle X Ray Scattering Studies Of Continuous Nano Particle Synthesis In Premixed And Diffusion Flames
Download In Situ Small Angle X Ray Scattering Studies Of Continuous Nano Particle Synthesis In Premixed And Diffusion Flames full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online In Situ Small Angle X Ray Scattering Studies Of Continuous Nano Particle Synthesis In Premixed And Diffusion Flames ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis In-situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Continuous Nano-particle Synthesis in Premixed and Diffusion Flames by :
Download or read book In-situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Continuous Nano-particle Synthesis in Premixed and Diffusion Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flame technology is an extremely effective method to synthesize nano-particles of ceramic oxides. The single-step chemistry, the ability to control shape and size and to produce millions of tons of nano-powders per annum with relative ease have made it popular with industry. Although this process primarily focused on oxides of silicon and titanium, it has now been adopted for manufacture of several other oxides of bismuth, vanadium, aluminum, iron, germanium and zirconium. There has been extraordinary progress in the application of flame burner to synthesize newer oxides having a wide range of particle size, polydispersity, composition and aggregation. But the fundamentals behind the mechanisms for particle formation and growth are still not well understood. Due to the extremely fast reaction rates, high temperatures and low concentrations associated with this process, it is difficult to accurately observe the formation of nuclei and their growth to aggregated nano-particles. Entire particle growth from inception to aggregation takes place in a few milliseconds! Light scattering and thermophoretic sampling have been used extensively to study such flames. But light scattering suffers from the brightness of the flame and the limitation on the size-range it can probe. It can only detect aggregates, and information about primary particles needs to be obtained by thermophoretic sampling. However thermophoretic sampling is an intrusive technique and sample collection in the flame involves disturbance of flow of the gases and the particles in the flame. It is necessary to find a single non-intrusive technique that can yield complete information for the flame and detect the rapid growth. In-situ small angle x-ray scattering (iSAXS), which utilizes high energy x-rays from synchrotron sources fits such a role perfectly. iSAXS of particles in the flame provides full information from nano-scale to micron-scale and about the evolution of particles and their morphology. Experiments were carried out at third generation synchrotrons like Advanced Photon Source (USA) and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (France). Several premixed and diffusion flames producing silica and titania were investigated for the product volume fraction, primary particle size, polydispersity of powders, number concentration, aggregate size, mass fractal dimension and degree of branching.
Book Synopsis Spatially-resolved Small-angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Soot Inception and Growth by :
Download or read book Spatially-resolved Small-angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Soot Inception and Growth written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high spectral brilliance of x-rays produced at the Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center of Argonne's Advanced Photon Source allows us to perform small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of the distributions of soot particles in flames. SAXS provides an in situ probe of the size and distribution of particles in the region between 1 and 100 nm. Detailed measurements on a propylene/air diffusion flame allow us to extract a spatially dependent background, which occurs in gas-phase combustion systems, and to perform Abel inversions, which provide the radial dependence of the scattering intensity. A bimodal distribution of soot particles is needed to describe our results. The radial behavior of the two modes of this distribution implies that the chemistry and fluid dynamics are strongly coupled in this simple diffusion flame. The larger particles of this distribution correspond to the previously observed primary particles, which have a relatively complex radial dependence. Midway between the fuel source and the widest part of the flame the primary particles have a mean radius of 6 nm or less and their concentration is symmetrically distributed about the flame front. At the widest part of the flame, two distinct distributions of primary particles are observed. Near the center of the flame the particles have a mean radius of 10 nm and a polydispersity of 0.3 and beyond a transition region they have a mean radius of 21 nm and a polydispersity of 0.2. The smaller particles, which require additional experiments before they can be identified, correspond either to soot nuclei, PAH species such as naphthalene, and/or disordered carbons with graphitic basal planes.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials by : Yixin Zhao
Download or read book Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials written by Yixin Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-02 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials provides techniques for the analysis of geomaterials, which is of great significance for humans because geomaterials are related to earthquake, resource development, underground spaces, carbon dioxide storage, and more. The book introduces the fundamental theory of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering and covers pore accessibility characterization for natural rocks from four aspects, including quantitative evaluation of pore structure heterogeneity and anisotropy, quantification of pore modification in coals due to pulverization, estimation and modeling of coal pore accessibility, and nanoscale coal deformation and alteration of porosity and pore orientation under uniaxial compression. Finally, interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials are introduced, along with the connections between small-angle scattering and other techniques (NMR cytophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy and synchrotron radiation SAXS and nano-CT) described. Covers both theory and applications of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering as related to geomaterials Provides context for using the techniques described in the book in connection with other well-known techniques Includes analysis methods of interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials
Book Synopsis Characterization of Nanoparticles by Continuous Contrast Variation in Small-angle X-ray Scattering by : Raul Garcia Diez
Download or read book Characterization of Nanoparticles by Continuous Contrast Variation in Small-angle X-ray Scattering written by Raul Garcia Diez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Small-angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Reaction Kinetics During Synthesis of Colloidal Polymer Particles by : Guoxing Liao
Download or read book Small-angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Reaction Kinetics During Synthesis of Colloidal Polymer Particles written by Guoxing Liao and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering from Solutions of Biological Macromolecules by : Dmitriĭ Ivanovich Svergun
Download or read book Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering from Solutions of Biological Macromolecules written by Dmitriĭ Ivanovich Svergun and published by . This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes all aspects of the technique of small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons, including instrumentation, sample requirements, data interpretation and modelling methods, in a comprehensive way and gives examples of applications in various fields of biophysics and biochemistry.
Book Synopsis THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ALLOYING PROCESS OF GOLD-SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING by : Siyu Wu
Download or read book THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ALLOYING PROCESS OF GOLD-SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING written by Siyu Wu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alloy nanoparticles have been extensively studied for decades. However, the synthesis and characterization of alloy nanoparticles are still posing significant challenges, leading to an increasing demand for in situ characterization techniques. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful method for structural analysis of nanoparticles. As the SAXS signal is essentially the Fourier transform of the electron distribution, it provides structural information for the entire ensemble of nanoparticles. The development of SAXS has been facilitated by significant advances in synchrotron X-ray sources and data processing methods, leading to the development of the 3D-SAXS method, which enables the reconstruction of the 3D structures of particles from SAXS profiles.Although SAXS has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating the internal structures of alloy nanoparticles, its application is hindered by the challenges posed by polydispersity, which can cause smearing effects that complicate the geometry recovery process. This dissertation presents a novel approach to overcome the problem of polydispersity in SAXS data analysis, thus demonstrating the utility of SAXS in investigating the internal electron density distributions of alloy nanoparticles. In Chapter 2, the SharPy algorithm is introduced as a size-refocusing program that reduces the smearing effect caused by polydispersity in SAXS data. SharPy is based on a penalized iterative regression approach to fit the pair distance distribution function (PDDF) with an estimated size distribution. It can provide detailed information about the shape of nanoparticles from the smeared SAXS signal under various scenarios and conditions. Chapter 3 investigates the simulated SAXS profiles of AuAg core-shell nanoparticles with varying size distribution, core-shell ratio, and degrees of alloying. It demonstrates the capability of SAXS in observing the electron density distribution of AuAg core-shell structures. These findings provide insights into the potential of SAXS as a reliable method for investigating the internal structures of alloy nanoparticles. Chapter 4 focuses on synthesizing and characterizing AuAg nanoparticles. Their SAXS profiles and PDDF analysis demonstrate that SAXS can distinguish between homogeneous and core-shell nanoparticle structures. In this chapter, the SharPy algorithm is first-time applied to real experimental data, demonstrating its ability to reveal the core-shell structure from a polydisperse nanoparticle system. Chapter 5 investigates the evolution of alloying AuAg nanoparticles through a combination of SAXS/PDDF analysis, 3D reconstruction, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The study presents the 3D electron density distribution of alloying AuAg nanoparticles. The 3D reconstruction with electron density mapping provides a straightforward visualization of the electron density distribution pattern of the alloying AuAg nanoparticles. The success of the SAXS experiment lies in the development of the 3D-SAXS pipeline, which involves the use of SharPy and 3D reconstruction programs, making 3D SAXS a promising alternative to electron microscopy for visualizing the morphology of nanoparticle systems.
Book Synopsis Scattering of X-rays by Metals at Very Small Angles by : B. M. Rovinsky
Download or read book Scattering of X-rays by Metals at Very Small Angles written by B. M. Rovinsky and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In Situ Ultra-small-angle X-ray Scattering Study Under Uniaxial Stretching of Colloidal Crystals Prepared by Silica Nanoparticles Bearing Hydrogen-bonding Polymer Grafts by :
Download or read book In Situ Ultra-small-angle X-ray Scattering Study Under Uniaxial Stretching of Colloidal Crystals Prepared by Silica Nanoparticles Bearing Hydrogen-bonding Polymer Grafts written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Small-angle X-ray Scattering by : Harry Brumberger
Download or read book Small-angle X-ray Scattering written by Harry Brumberger and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Small Angle X-ray Scattering from Biological Macromolecules and Nanoparticles by :
Download or read book Small Angle X-ray Scattering from Biological Macromolecules and Nanoparticles written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is experimencing a renaisance in the studies of macromolecular solutions, allowing one to study the structure of native particles and to rapidly analyze structural changes in response to variations in external conditions. Novel data analysis methods, significantly enhanced resolution, and reliability of structural models are provided by the technique. Emerging automation of the experiment, data processing, and data interpretation make SAXS a streamlined tool for large-scale structural studies in molecular biology. The method provides low-resolution macromolecular shapes ab initio and is readily combined with other structural and biochemical techniques in multidisciplinary studies to build rigid body models of complexes and to characterize oligomeric mixtures and flexible systems. The novel approaches also became useful for non-biological systems and processes, e.g., the formation of nanoparticles.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Studies of Gas-to-particle Conversion for Nanoparticle Synthesis in Flames by : Shruthi Dasappa
Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Gas-to-particle Conversion for Nanoparticle Synthesis in Flames written by Shruthi Dasappa and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation focuses on fundamental processes involved in the formation of carbon and manganese oxide nanoparticles by gas-to-particle conversion. A systematic approach through complementary experimental and modeling is implemented to study the evolution of flame formed particles and their dependence on flame conditions and growth environment. Stretch stabilized stagnation flames are utilized to assess flame temperature and equivalence ratio effects for soot formed in higher-temperature regimes. This unique condition (Tf > 2100 K) results in a new combination of "young", nucleation sized particles with a "mature" carbon structure. A significant transformation in carbon structure observed from the evolution in Raman spectra promises development of functional high-surface area sp2 carbon materials. Particle nucleation and growth of manganese oxide nanoparticles is examined in a complementary experimental and modeling study of high temperature premixed stagnation flames. Manganese oxide nanoparticles having varying oxidation states are observed depending on the flame conditions. Analysis of the formation of MnO indicates that a thermodynamic barrier limits nucleation. Fundamental insights gained from simple laboratory flames inform particle formation in turbulent spray flames. The dissertation provides insight into flame spray synthesis (FSS), facilitating scaled, cost-effective, and versatile nanoparticle synthesis. FSS of carbon black is studied using coal tar distillate diluted in toluene as a carbon particle feedstock. Although the precursor is the same, this synthesis differs from conventional furnace black processes. Particles are formed directly in the flame rather than through downstream pyrolysis. Resulting carbon black particles are small but could potentially be tailored based on growth conditions. A new diagnostic for determining chemical species information is introduced in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory. Multi-probe optical emission spectroscopy is performed to analyze the axial evolution of manganese during FSS. "Optical Emission Spectroscopy Tool (OSAT)" is developed to enable data analysis, systematic feature recognition and axial species evolution. The axial evolution of Mn(I) through the flame provides fundamental insight such as the location of oxide formation. This dissertation focusses on fundamental gas-to-particle conversion processes. Understanding the fundamental dependence of nanoparticles on the flame growth conditions is key towards engineering the size, structure, and morphology.
Book Synopsis Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering by : H. Brumberger
Download or read book Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering written by H. Brumberger and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flame Spray Technology by : Rafael M. Trommer
Download or read book Flame Spray Technology written by Rafael M. Trommer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a complete and updated overview of Flame Spray process, from its History to the Apparatus necessary for the synthesis of nanostructures. It addresses not only the materials produced by this technique, but also their properties, such as crystallinity and crystallite size, specific surface area, particle size and morphology. Also, the principles of nanoparticle formation are described. It is a useful read to all those interested in low cost synthesis of nanostructured powders and coatings.
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering as a Tool for In- Situ Time-Resolved Studies by : Gonzalo Santoro
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering as a Tool for In- Situ Time-Resolved Studies written by Gonzalo Santoro and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of third-generation synchrotron sources and the development of fast two-dimensional X-ray detectors, X-ray scattering has become an invaluable tool for in-situ time-resolved experiments. In the case of thin films, grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) constitutes a powerful technique to extract morphological information not only of the thin film surface but also of buried structures with statistical relevance. Thus, recently in-situ GISAXS experiments with subsecond time resolution have enabled investigating the self-assembly processes during vacuum deposition of metallic and organic thin films as well as the structural changes of polymer and colloidal thin films in the course of wet deposition. Moreover, processing of thin films has also been investigated in-situ employing GISAXS. In this chapter, we review the current trends of time-resolved GISAXS studies. After an introduction to the GISAXS technique, we present exemplary results of metallic and organic thin film preparation, wet deposition of polymer thin films and self-assembly of colloidal thin films, as well as examples of thin film modification in, e.g., microfluidic channels and within working devices. Finally, an overview of the future perspectives in the field is provided.
Book Synopsis Structural Analysis of Nanoparticles by Small Angles X-ray Scattering by : Christophe N. Rochette
Download or read book Structural Analysis of Nanoparticles by Small Angles X-ray Scattering written by Christophe N. Rochette and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
