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Improving The Fermilab Booster Emittance
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Book Synopsis Improving the Fermilab Booster Emittance by :
Download or read book Improving the Fermilab Booster Emittance written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand of high luminosity in the Tevatron collider in Fermilab makes the small beam emittance coming out of the 8 GeV Booster a highly desirable feature. This is because Booster bunches with small emittance, when eventually coalesced into Main Ring bunches, will ensure a high luminosity in the collider. Efforts have been made to identify factors limiting the phase space density in both transverse and longitudinal dimensions. The experimental result points to space charge induced tune spread at low energy as the main factor limiting the transverse phase space density, and the space charge induced phase space dilution at transition and longitudinal coupled bunch instability as the factors limiting the longitudinal phase space density. To counteract these factors, a set of harmonic correction sextupoles and skew sextupoles were implemented to reduce the third order resonances in the transverse case. In the longitudinal case a .gamma./sub t/-jump system was implemented to ease the bunch tumbling after transition, and various schemes to damp the longitudinal coupled bunch instability are either implemented or being reviewed. Future plans and efforts will be mentioned briefly at the end of this article. 3 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.
Book Synopsis Measurement of Transverse Emittance in the Fermilab Booster by : William Sproull Graves
Download or read book Measurement of Transverse Emittance in the Fermilab Booster written by William Sproull Graves and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emittance Measurements and Modeling of the Fermilab Booster by : S. Y. Lee
Download or read book Emittance Measurements and Modeling of the Fermilab Booster written by S. Y. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Longitudinal Emittance Measurement Program for the Fermilab Booster by :
Download or read book A Longitudinal Emittance Measurement Program for the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Proposed Transition Scheme for the Longitudinal Emittance Control in the Fermilab Booster by :
Download or read book A Proposed Transition Scheme for the Longitudinal Emittance Control in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Not Provided.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Emittance Growth in the Fermilab Booster by : S. Y. Lee
Download or read book Analysis of Emittance Growth in the Fermilab Booster written by S. Y. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-particle simulations are performed to study emittance growth in the Fermilab Booster. Analysis shows that the source of vertical emittance growth comes mostly from random errors in skew quadrupoles in the presence of a strong transverse space-charge force. [1] Random errors in dipole rolls and the Montague resonance do contribute but to lesser extent. The effect of random errors in the quadrupoles is small because the betatron envelope tunes are reasonably far away from the half-integer stopband.
Book Synopsis Increasing the Energy of the Fermilab Booster by :
Download or read book Increasing the Energy of the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab booster accelerator was originally conceived for acceleration of protons with an injection energy of 200 MeV to an extraction energy of ten GeV (to the 500 GeV main accelerator). Early booster operation has been limited to eight GeV. The booster beam will be more acceptable to the main accelerator if extraction is at ten GeV, thus the booster magnet system is now being modified for ten GeV acceleration. Regulation of the booster magnetic field for injection at 200 MeV was a task even when operating to eight GeV. An outline is given of the approach which was adopted and how it relates to the ten GeV attempt. Problems encountered in the design of any ac magnet system are discussed.
Book Synopsis Understanding and Improving the Fermilab Booster High Field Orbit by :
Download or read book Understanding and Improving the Fermilab Booster High Field Orbit written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note is an account of the authors' effort in both understanding the Booster high field orbit and controlling it through displacements of the main combined function magnets. We were able to achieve the second goal with considerable accuracy while having limited success with the first, due to insufficient knowledge of the Booster dynamics. This work was initiated in Spring 1987 with the orbit control via magnet moves the chief purpose. A series of magnet moves in 1987 and 1988 resulting from this study testified to its reliability. The understanding of the Booster orbit in general remains an ongoing process in which we keep modifying our model with the hope of eventually having a quantitative grasp of the closed orbit and being able to manipulate it with more flexibility and accuracy. In this paper we give a brief description of the Booster environment in which the magnet moves are carried out, together with background information concerning the magnet moves. The method we use is discussed. The result of the moves is documented, and our effort to understand the Booster high field orbit is given a detailed account. 12 figs., 5 tabs.
Book Synopsis Measurement and Simulations of Intensity-dependent Effects in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron by :
Download or read book Measurement and Simulations of Intensity-dependent Effects in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Booster is a nearly 40-year-old proton synchrotron, designed to accelerate injected protons from a kinetic energy of 400 MeV to 8 GeV for extraction into the Main Injector and ultimately the Tevatron. Currently the Booster is operated with a typical intensity of 4.5 x 1012 particles per beam, roughly twice the value of its design, because of the requirement for high particle flux in various experiments. Its relatively low injection energy provides certain challenges in maintaining beam quality and stability under these increasing intensity demands. An understanding of the effects limiting this intensity could provide enhanced beam stability and reduced downtime due to particle losses and subsequent damage to the accelerator elements. Design of future accelerators can also benefit from a better understanding of intensity effects limiting injection dynamics. Chapter 1 provides a summary of accelerator research during the 20th century leading to the development of the modern synchrotron. Chapter 2 puts forth a working knowledge of the terminology and basic theory used in accelerator physics, and provides a brief description of the Fermilab Booster synchrotron. Synergia, a 3d space-charge modeling framework, is presented, along with some simulation benchmarks relevant to topics herein. Emittance, a commonly used quantity characterizing beam size and quality in a particular plane, is discussed in Chapter 3. Space-charge fields tend to couple the motion among the planes, leading to emittance exchange, and necessitating a simultaneous measurement to obtain a complete emittance description at higher intensities. A measurement is described and results are given. RMS beam emittances are shown to be in keeping with known Booster values at nominal intensities and emittance exchange is observed and accounted for. Unmeasurable correlation terms between the planes are quantified using Synergia, and shown to be at most an 8% effect. Results of studies on the coherent and incoherent shifts of transverse (betatron) frequencies with beam intensity at injection energies are presented. In Chapter 4 the coherent frequency shifts are shown to be due to dipole- and quadrupole-wakefield effects. The asymmetry of the Booster beam chamber through the magnets, as well as the presence of magnet laminations, are responsible for the magnitudes and for the opposing signs of the horizontal and vertical tune shifts caused by these wakefields. Chapter 5 details the procedures for obtaining a linear coherent-tune-shift intensity dependence, yielding -0.009/1012 in the vertical plane and +0.001/1012 in the horizontal plane. Data demonstrate a requirement of several hundred turns to accumulate to its maximal value. Two independent studies are compared, corroborating these results. In Chapter 6, a measure of the incoherent tune shift with intensity puts an upper limit on the magnitude of the direct space-charge effect in the Fermilab Booster. A prediction is made for the representative incoherent particle tune shift using a realistic Gaussian distribution, allowing for growth of the beam envelope with intensity, and found to be 0.004/1012. The tune-spread dependence obtained by quantification of the resonant stopband width from beam-extinction measurements was measured at 0.005/1012, similar to the predicted value. These will be shown to be one order of magnitude smaller than the space-charge term from the Laslett tune shift for a fixed-size, uniform beam.
Book Synopsis Measurement and Simulations of Intensity-dependent Effects in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron by : Daniel McCarron
Download or read book Measurement and Simulations of Intensity-dependent Effects in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron written by Daniel McCarron and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fermilab Booster is a nearly 40-year-old proton synchrotron, designed to accelerate injected protons from a kinetic energy of 400 MeV to 8 GeV for extraction into the Main Injector and ultimately the Tevatron. Currently the Booster is operated with a typical intensity of 4.5 x 10¹² particles per beam, roughly twice the value of its design, because of the requirement for high particle flux in various experiments. Its relatively low injection energy provides certain challenges in maintaining beam quality and stability under these increasing intensity demands. An understanding of the effects limiting this intensity could provide enhanced beam stability and reduced downtime due to particle losses and subsequent damage to the accelerator elements. Design of future accelerators can also benefit from a better understanding of intensity effects limiting injection dynamics. Chapter 1 provides a summary of accelerator research during the 20th century leading to the development of the modern synchrotron. Chapter 2 puts forth a working knowledge of the terminology and basic theory used in accelerator physics, and provides a brief description of the Fermilab Booster synchrotron. Synergia, a 3d space-charge modeling framework, is presented, along with some simulation benchmarks relevant to topics herein. Emittance, a commonly used quantity characterizing beam size and quality in a particular plane, is discussed in Chapter 3. Space-charge fields tend to couple the motion among the planes, leading to emittance exchange, and necessitating a simultaneous measurement to obtain a complete emittance description at higher intensities. A measurement is described and results are given. RMS beam emittances are shown to be in keeping with known Booster values at nominal intensities and emittance exchange is observed and accounted for. Unmeasurable correlation terms between the planes are quantified using Synergia, and shown to be at most an 8% effect. Results of studies on the coherent and incoherent shifts of transverse (betatron) frequencies with beam intensity at injection energies are presented. In Chapter 4 the coherent frequency shifts are shown to be due to dipole- and quadrupole-wakefield effects. The asymmetry of the Booster beam chamber through the magnets, as well as the presence of magnet laminations, are responsible for the magnitudes and for the opposing signs of the horizontal and vertical tune shifts caused by these wakefields. Chapter 5 details the procedures for obtaining a linear coherent-tune-shift intensity dependence, yielding -0.009/10¹² in the vertical plane and +0.001/10¹² in the horizontal plane. Data demonstrate a requirement of several hundred turns to accumulate to its maximal value. Two independent studies are compared, corroborating these results. In Chapter 6, a measure of the incoherent tune shift with intensity puts an upper limit on the magnitude of the direct space-charge effect in the Fermilab Booster. A prediction is made for the representative incoherent particle tune shift using a realistic Gaussian distribution, allowing for growth of the beam envelope with intensity, and found to be 0.004/10¹². The tune-spread dependence obtained by quantification of the resonant stopband width from beam-extinction measurements was measured at 0.005/10¹², similar to the predicted value. These will be shown to be one order of magnitude smaller than the space-charge term from the Laslett tune shift for a fixed-size, uniform beam.
Download or read book Fermilab Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aspects of Operation of the Fermilab Booster RF System at Very High Intensity by :
Download or read book Aspects of Operation of the Fermilab Booster RF System at Very High Intensity written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this note is to examine the likelihood and problems associated with operation of the Fermilab Booster rf systems as it presently exists, or with only minor modifications, at beam intensity approaching 5x1013 protons per pulse. Beam loading of the rf system at such an intensity will be one order of magnitude larger than at the present operation level. It is assumed that the injection energy will be raised to 1 GeV with no major increase in the injected energy spread (longitudinal emittance). The beam will be bunched by adiabatic capture as is presently done although it may be necessary to remove one or two bunches prior to acceleration to allow clean extraction at 8 GeV. At very high intensity the charge in each bunch will interact with the vacuum chamber impedance (and with itself) in such a way as to reduce in some cases the bucket area generated by the rf voltage. Because this decrement must be made up by changes in the rf ring voltage if the required bucket area is to be maintained, these effects must be taken into consideration in any analysis of the capability of the rf system to accelerate very large intensity.
Book Synopsis A Longitudinal Emittance Measurement Program for the Fermilab Boosters by : V. Bharadwaj
Download or read book A Longitudinal Emittance Measurement Program for the Fermilab Boosters written by V. Bharadwaj and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding and Improving the High Field Orbit in the Fermilab Booster by :
Download or read book Understanding and Improving the High Field Orbit in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the implementation of the BPM system in the Fermilab Booster, complete survey data of the main magnets have been employed to determine magnet moving schemes to correct the high field orbit at 8 GeV kinetic energy and to understand the global pattern of the high field orbit in both planes. Considerable success has been achieved in the former task. We also obtained reasonable understanding in the later effort, given the multitude of factors that have to be dealt with. In this paper an account is given of the survey record, the orbit correction exercise, and the effort to reconstruct the high field orbit based on the survey records. 2 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Book Synopsis Some Understandings on Radial Motion at Transition in the Fermilab Booster by :
Download or read book Some Understandings on Radial Motion at Transition in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition crossing is space charge dominated in the Fermilab Booster. Since the longitudinal space charge forces are defocusing below transition and focusing above transition, they generate the mismatch at transition, which causes the longitudinal emittance growth above transition. It's proved by numerical simulation that such mismatch can be partially compensated by a particular radial motion at transition, which is operationally favored by the high intensity beam. The transition crossing in Booster is space charge dominated. Usually, the nonlinear chromatic effect can cause the emittance growth during transition because particles with different energies cross transition at different times. The transition time is set by the synchronous particle; below transition, particles with positive energies relative to the synchronous particle become unstable since they are in the wrong phase, and above transition, particles with negative energies are unstable. The dependence of the transition energy upon the momentum deviation can be adjusted via different sextupole corrector settings such that the emittance growth due to the chromatic nonlinear effect can be greatly reduced. Fortunately, at the corrector setting of I{sub sextl} = -97 A and I{sub sexts} = 97 A, the dependence can be removed, see Figure 1. Space charge forces are mainly responsible for the longitudinal emittance growth at transition.
Book Synopsis Modeling Longitudinal Dynamics in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron by :
Download or read book Modeling Longitudinal Dynamics in the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The PIP-II project will replace the existing 400 MeV linac with a new, CW-capable, 800 MeV superconducting one. With respect to current operations, a 50% increase in beam intensity in the rapid cycling Booster synchrotron is expected. Booster batches are combined in the Recycler ring; this process limits the allowed longitudinal emittance of the extracted Booster beam. To suppress eddy currents, the Booster has no beam pipe; magnets are evacuated, exposing the beam to core laminations and this has a substantial impact on the longitudinal impedance. Noticeable longitudinal emittance growth is already observed at transition crossing. Operation at higher intensity will likely necessitate mitigation measures. We describe systematic efforts to construct a predictive model for current operating conditions. A longitudinal only code including a laminated wall impedance model, space charge effects, and feedback loops is developed. Parameter validation is performed using detailed measurements of relevant beam, rf and control parameters. An attempt is made to benchmark the code at operationally favorable machine settings.
Book Synopsis Beam Loss, Residual Radiation, and Collimation and Shielding in the Fermilab Booster by :
Download or read book Beam Loss, Residual Radiation, and Collimation and Shielding in the Fermilab Booster written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During its 30 years of operation, the Fermilab Booster has served only as an injector for the relatively low repetition rate proton accelerator complex. With the construction of an 8 GeV target station for the 5 Hz MiniBooNE neutrino beam and rapid multi-batch injection into the Main Injector for the NuMI experiment, the demand for Booster protons will increase dramatically over the next few years. This implies serious constraints on beam losses in the machine. A collimation system and shielding design based on realistic Monte Carlo simulations are presented. A two-stage beam collimation system with local shielding has been designed. It provides adequate protection of the Booster components and environment by localizing operational losses. This loss control is a key to the entire future Fermilab high energy physics program.
