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Improving Jury Understanding And Use Of Expert Dna Evidence Electronic Resource
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Book Synopsis Improving Jury Understanding and Use of Expert DNA Evidence [electronic Resource] by : Jane Goodman-Delahunty
Download or read book Improving Jury Understanding and Use of Expert DNA Evidence [electronic Resource] written by Jane Goodman-Delahunty and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of DNA evidence in Australian courts has increased exponentially in the last two decades. DNA technology is well-validated and no longer the subject of defence challenges. Juror difficulties in understanding and applying the scientific and statistical information conveyed by forensic experts about a DNA match have been documented in qualitative and quantitative studies.
Book Synopsis Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science by : Edward F. Connors
Download or read book Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science written by Edward F. Connors and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of DNA technology furthers the search for truth by helping police & prosecutors in the fight against violent crime. Most of the individuals whose stories are told in the report were convicted after jury trials & were sentenced to long prison terms. They successfully challenged their convictions, using DNA tests on existing evidence. They had served, on average, seven years in prison. By highlighting the importance & utility of DNA evidence, this report presents challenges to the scientific & justice communities. A task ahead is to maintain the highest standards for the collection & preservation of DNA evidence.
Book Synopsis Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Book Synopsis DNA Technology in Forensic Science by : National Research Council
Download or read book DNA Technology in Forensic Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.
Book Synopsis Jury Trial Innovations by : G. T. Munsterman
Download or read book Jury Trial Innovations written by G. T. Munsterman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing the Use of DNA Expert Evidence, by Justice System Participants, in Ontario Criminal Courts by : Dawn Cohen
Download or read book Assessing the Use of DNA Expert Evidence, by Justice System Participants, in Ontario Criminal Courts written by Dawn Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens to forensic DNA opinion evidence when the expert witness is not present in the courtroom? Research addressing this issue has largely been focused on polling lawyers regarding their perceptions of DNA evidence, as well as studies of juror understanding of DNA expert evidence in real and mock court situations. This thesis attempted to address the question in a different way, by analyzing transcripts of expert DNA evidence, opening & closing addresses, and judges' instructions to juries, for cases that have passed through the Ontario criminal courts within the past fifteen years. This project is the first assessment of Canadian criminal court case transcripts, comparing expert DNA evidence with the (largely) non-scientist attorneys' and judges' inferred understanding and use of that evidence. Trial transcripts from cases involving DNA expert evidence were located by keyword searching Ontario Court of Appeal decisions via the Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLii) public online database. This research question was approached from a social science methodology, making use of both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Quantitative analysis was conceptualized first, as a survey that was developed to track topics of interest in Interval Ratio and Nominal variable form. Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Miner 4 LiteTM was used to code sections of these transcripts and complete the survey. Coded sections involved random match probabilities (RMPs), likelihood ratios (LR), mitochondrial & Y-STR lineage confidence intervals, as well as body fluid attribution statements by attorneys and judges. These transcript excerpts were compared to each case's respective DNA expert testimony. This enabled the application of qualitative analysis of question and response exposition within the expert testimonies. The survey data were inputted into IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics 24 for pattern analysis and descriptive statistics. For example, the sets of cases studied (N=32), contained 101 autosomal random match probability statements provided by DNA experts. Many times these RMPs did not enter into the crown summations (only 48.5%), defence summations (only 31.7%) or judges' instructions (only 57.4%). When attorneys and judges did discuss and review the DNA statistical evidence, mistakes and misstatements occurred in the majority of instances - these mistakes included statistical fallacies and numerical misstatements. This research suggests a lacunae of knowledge with respect to the meaning of DNA evidence, and in particular, the correct understanding and communication of the RMP estimate of statistical weight of DNA profile comparison evidence. Further research is recommended, to address the use of transfer and persistence expert testimony, as well as testimony regarding complex mixture profile interpretations and comparisons.
Author :American Bar Association. Criminal Justice Standards Committee Publisher :American Bar Association ISBN 13 :9781590318928 Total Pages :160 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (189 download)
Book Synopsis ABA Standards for Criminal Justice by : American Bar Association. Criminal Justice Standards Committee
Download or read book ABA Standards for Criminal Justice written by American Bar Association. Criminal Justice Standards Committee and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although the Standards in this volume are considered part of the set of Third Edition ABA Criminal Justice Standards, the earlier editions did not include standards on DNA evidence. Therefore, the Standards included here are the first ABA Criminal Justice Standards on DNA Evidence."--Page iii.
Book Synopsis Enhancing Fairness in DNA Jury Trials [electronic Resource] by : Jane Goodman-Delahunty
Download or read book Enhancing Fairness in DNA Jury Trials [electronic Resource] written by Jane Goodman-Delahunty and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.
Book Synopsis Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence by :
Download or read book Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Expert evidence in criminal proceedings in England and Wales by : Great Britain: Law Commission
Download or read book Expert evidence in criminal proceedings in England and Wales written by Great Britain: Law Commission and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-03-22 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project addressed the admissibility of expert evidence in criminal proceedings in England and Wales. Currently, too much expert opinion evidence is admitted without adequate scrutiny because no clear test is being applied to determine whether the evidence is sufficiently reliable to be admitted. Juries may therefore be reaching conclusions on the basis of unreliable evidence, as confirmed by a number of miscarriages of justice in recent years. Following consultation on a discussion paper (LCCP 190, 2009, ISDBN 9780118404655) the Commission recommends that there should be a new reliability-based admissibility test for expert evidence in criminal proceedings. The test would not need to be applied routinely or unnecessarily, but it would be applied in appropriate cases and it would result in the exclusion of unreliable expert opinion evidence. Under the test, expert opinion evidence would not be admitted unless it was adjudged to be sufficiently reliable to go before a jury. The draft Criminal Evidence (Experts) Bill published with the report (as Appendix A) sets out the admissibility test and also provides the guidance judges would need when applying the test, setting out the key reasons why an expert's opinion evidence might be unreliable. The Bill also codifies (with slight modifications) the uncontroversial aspects of the present law, so that all the admissibility requirements for expert evidence would be set out in a single Act of Parliament and carry equal authority.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Scientific Evidence on the Criminal Trial by : Oriola Sallavaci
Download or read book The Impact of Scientific Evidence on the Criminal Trial written by Oriola Sallavaci and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores challenges posed by the use of DNA evidence to the traditional features, procedures and principles of the criminal trial. It examines the limitations of existing theories of criminal trial processes in the face of increasing use of scientific evidence in the court room. The research elucidates the interconnections at trial of three epistemologies, namely legal reasoning, as represented by counsel and trial judge, common sense manifested by the jury and scientific reasoning expounded by the expert witness. Sallavaci argues that while scientific reasoning is part of this hybrid of trial languages and practices, its extended use is producing specifically novel tensions which impact on the traditional criminal trial landscape. Through the lens of DNA evidence, the book investigates how far the use of scientific evidence in the fact finding process poses challenges for the adversarial character of the proceedings and rules of evidence; how it affects the role of the judge, jury and expert witness, as well as the principle of orality and continuity of the trial. In comparing the challenges faced in English common law trials to those of the USA, this book has international scope, and will be of great use and interest to students and researchers of Criminal Law and Practice, Policing, and the role of Forensics in Law.
Book Synopsis Digital Evidence and the U.S. Criminal Justice System by : Sean E. Goodison
Download or read book Digital Evidence and the U.S. Criminal Justice System written by Sean E. Goodison and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the results of a National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-sponsored research effort to identify and prioritize criminal justice needs related to digital evidence collection, management, analysis, and use. With digital devices becoming ubiquitous, digital evidence is increasingly important to the investigation and prosecution of many types of crimes. These devices often contain information about crimes committed, movement of suspects, and criminal associates. However, there are significant challenges to successfully using digital evidence in prosecutions, including inexperience of patrol officers and detectives in preserving and collecting digital evidence, lack of familiarity with digital evidence on the part of court officials, and an overwhelming volume of work for digital evidence examiners. Through structured interaction with police digital forensic experts, prosecuting attorneys, a privacy advocate, and industry representatives, the effort identified and prioritized specific needs to improve utilization of digital evidence in criminal justice. Several top-tier needs emerged from the analysis, including education of prosecutors and judges regarding digital evidence opportunities and challenges; training for patrol officers and investigators to promote better collection and preservation of digital evidence; tools for detectives to triage analysis of digital evidence in the field; development of regional models to make digital evidence analysis capability available to small departments; and training to address concerns about maintaining the currency of training and technology available to digital forensic examiners.
Download or read book Inside the Cell written by Erin E Murphy and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Josiah Sutton was convicted of rape. He was five inches shorter and 65 pounds lighter than the suspect described by the victim, but at trial a lab analyst testified that his DNA was found at the crime scene. His case looked like many others -- arrest, swab, match, conviction. But there was just one problem -- Sutton was innocent. We think of DNA forensics as an infallible science that catches the bad guys and exonerates the innocent. But when the science goes rogue, it can lead to a gross miscarriage of justice. Erin Murphy exposes the dark side of forensic DNA testing: crime labs that receive little oversight and produce inconsistent results; prosecutors who push to test smaller and poorer-quality samples, inviting error and bias; law-enforcement officers who compile massive, unregulated, and racially skewed DNA databases; and industry lobbyists who push policies of "stop and spit." DNA testing is rightly seen as a transformative technological breakthrough, but we should be wary of placing such a powerful weapon in the hands of the same broken criminal justice system that has produced mass incarceration, privileged government interests over personal privacy, and all too often enforced the law in a biased or unjust manner. Inside the Cell exposes the truth about forensic DNA, and shows us what it will take to harness the power of genetic identification in service of accuracy and fairness.
Author :National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence (National Institute of Justice) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :117 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (327 download)
Book Synopsis Postconviction DNA Testing by : National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence (National Institute of Justice)
Download or read book Postconviction DNA Testing written by National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence (National Institute of Justice) and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A report from National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Digital Evidence in the Courtroom by :
Download or read book Digital Evidence in the Courtroom written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Australia. Law Reform Commission Publisher :Sydney : Australian Law Reform Commission ISBN 13 :9780642732118 Total Pages :441 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (321 download)
Book Synopsis Protection of Human Genetic Information by : Australia. Law Reform Commission
Download or read book Protection of Human Genetic Information written by Australia. Law Reform Commission and published by Sydney : Australian Law Reform Commission. This book was released on 2001 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 13. Law enforcement issues
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