Improving Employment And Earnings In 21st Century Labor Markets

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Improving Employment and Earnings in 21st Century Labor Markets

Author : Erica L. Groshen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Employment and Earnings in 21st Century Labor Markets by : Erica L. Groshen

Download or read book Improving Employment and Earnings in 21st Century Labor Markets written by Erica L. Groshen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the prospects for improving the lot of US workers in the 21st century? This introduction to the topic examines the most important US labor market trends of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, considers their causes and likely future trends; and then explores policies that might improve these outcomes. The most important broad labor market trends in recent decades have been: 1) Modest real wage growth; 2) Rising earnings inequality; and 3) Declining labor force participation, recently among both men and women, but especially among less-educated or African-American men and low-income youth over several decades. Key causes of these trends include labor demand and supply factors (such as automation, immigration, and limited college attainment); changing labor market institutions (such as declining unionism and stagnant federal wage/hours laws); rising alternative staffing arrangements, informal work and "fissuring"; and uneven labor market progress and policies affecting women, African-Americans and the young. After that review, we summarize what the papers in our volume tell us about the public policies that could help improve outcomes for US workers. The main message is that further deterioration in many US workers' lives in the 21st century likely requires public and employer policy changes to help to translate the forces at work into better outcomes for them.

Rsf: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: Improving Employment and Earnings in Twenty-First Century Labor Markets

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Author : Erica L. Groshen
Publisher : Rsf: The Russell Sage Foundati
ISBN 13 : 9780871549853
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis Rsf: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: Improving Employment and Earnings in Twenty-First Century Labor Markets by : Erica L. Groshen

Download or read book Rsf: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: Improving Employment and Earnings in Twenty-First Century Labor Markets written by Erica L. Groshen and published by Rsf: The Russell Sage Foundati. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modest real wage growth, rising wage inequality, and decreasing labor force participation among less-educated workers have been important labor market trends for several decades. Economists Erica Groshen and Harry Holzer, and a roster of labor market experts present new evidence on the prevalence, causes, and future of these challenges. Contributors George Borjas and Richard Freeman analyze how the introduction of industrial robots and the influx of immigrants have affected jobs and earnings in the manufacturing industry. They find that the effects of robots are greater than those of immigrants in terms of depressing earnings and reducing employment, suggesting the need for policies that can help workers adjust to automation. Thomas Kochan and William Kimball note the lower density of unions and their declining impact on wages, even as surveys show strong worker preference for union representation and other forms of "voice" regarding wages, compensation, training, and other working conditions. Informal work, which includes traditional activities like babysitting as well as newer ones like driving for an online platform, is an important means of helping families make ends meet. Katharine Abraham and Susan Houseman show that over a quarter of the workforce hold jobs aside from their main employment, and a higher share of less-educated, minority, low-income, and unemployed workers rely on informal work. Lawrence Katz and Alan Krueger show a modest upward trend in the share of the U.S. workforce in alternative work arrangements over the last twenty years; they also demonstrate that current survey tools miss many instances of multiple job holding. David Weil demonstrates how the rise of "the fissured workplace"--where businesses outsource key facets of their operations to staffing agencies and other third-party entities--contributes to wage inequality. Contracted workers have lower earnings and fewer opportunities for upward mobility. The U.S. is the only industrialized country that does not provide paid leave for new parents, and low-income families with children spend 30 percent or more of their incomes on childcare expenses. Elizabeth Doran, Ann Bartel, and Jane Waldfogel propose a payroll tax to support family-friendly policies, such as paid leave and child care, as well as modest employer mandates for scheduling control and flexibility. Editors Groshen and Holzer provide evidence-based policy recommendations that include greater support for public higher education; adjusting federal wage and hour laws as well as those governing labor relations; limiting the effects of past incarceration on workers; and stronger youth employment programs and policies. American workers face many challenges, but there are many policies analyzed in this issue of RSF that hold promise for improving employment and earnings for American workers.

Sourcebook of Labor Markets

Author : Ivar Berg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461512255
Total Pages : 766 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Sourcebook of Labor Markets by : Ivar Berg

Download or read book Sourcebook of Labor Markets written by Ivar Berg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinguished roster of contributors considers the state of the art of the field at the turn of the 21st century and charts an ambitious agenda for the future. Following what the editors describe as an `evolutionist' approach to the study of labor markets, the chapters address issues of continuity and discontinuity in a wide range of topics including: markets and institutional structures; employment relations and work structures; patterns of stratification in the United States; and public policies, opportunity structures, and economic outcomes.

Working in the 21st Century

Author : David I. Levine
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315292599
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (152 download)

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Book Synopsis Working in the 21st Century by : David I. Levine

Download or read book Working in the 21st Century written by David I. Levine and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "More and better jobs" is the underlying theme of this insightful new book. David Levine analyzes the current labor market in the U.S. and concludes that social policy must change to cope with the realities of the new economy. Although market forces are now moving U.S. enterprise toward high-skill and flexible workplaces, there is a shortage of workers with adequate skills in problem solving and teamwork. To combat this problem, the author presents an ambitious agenda of lifelong learning that will enable American workers to take advantage of the opportunities afforded by the new economic realities. Levine's analysis recommends specific government policies to encourage early childhood education, to improve schools, to help parents finance college, and to help students make the transition from school to work. He also discusses policies that will improve the regulation of workplaces. The book concludes with policy recommendations for individuals changing jobs, as well as for the unemployed, the disabled, and the poor.

Moving the Needle

Author : Katherine S. Newman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520379101
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Moving the Needle by : Katherine S. Newman

Download or read book Moving the Needle written by Katherine S. Newman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Most research on poverty focuses on the damage that persistent unemployment causes for individuals, families, and neighborhoods. But what happens when jobs are plentiful and workers are hard to come by? Persistent labor shortages became the norm in 2022, but there have been a number of periods in American history where tight labor markets prevailed. Moving the Needle examines what happens when conditions favorable to workers create market pressures that boost wages at the bottom, improve benefits, pull the unemployed from the sidelines to the center of a burgeoning job market, lengthen job ladders, and dampen credentialism. Utilizing 79 years of quantitative and historical data, as well as fieldwork among employers, jobseekers, and long-time residents of poor neighborhoods, this book explores how profoundly positive tight labor markets are for labor and recommends policies that would keep that momentum moving when the conditions that spur it forward no longer hold"--

Moving Up or Moving On

Author : Fredrik Andersson
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440102
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Moving Up or Moving On by : Fredrik Andersson

Download or read book Moving Up or Moving On written by Fredrik Andersson and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2005-01-07 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over a decade, policy makers have emphasized work as the best means to escape poverty. However, millions of working Americans still fall below the poverty line. Though many of these "working poor" remain mired in poverty for long periods, some eventually climb their way up the earnings ladder. These success stories show that the low wage labor market is not necessarily a dead end, but little research to date has focused on how these upwardly mobile workers get ahead. In Moving Up or Moving On, Fredrik Andersson, Harry Holzer, and Julia Lane examine the characteristics of both employees and employers that lead to positive outcomes for workers. Using new Census data, Moving Up or Moving On follows a group of low earners over a nine-year period to analyze the behaviors and characteristics of individuals and employers that lead workers to successful career outcomes. The authors find that, in general, workers who "moved on" to different employers fared better than those who tried to "move up" within the same firm. While changing employers meant losing valuable job tenure and spending more time out of work than those who stayed put, workers who left their jobs in search of better opportunity elsewhere ended up with significantly higher earnings in the long term—in large part because they were able to find employers that paid better wages and offered more possibilities for promotion. Yet moving on to better jobs is difficult for many of the working poor because they lack access to good-paying firms. Andersson, Holzer, and Lane demonstrate that low-wage workers tend to live far from good paying employers, making an improved transportation infrastructure a vital component of any public policy to improve job prospects for the poor. Labor market intermediaries can also help improve access to good employers. The authors find that one such intermediary, temporary help agencies, improved long-term outcomes for low-wage earners by giving them exposure to better-paying firms and therefore the opportunity to obtain better jobs. Taken together, these findings suggest that public policy can best serve the working poor by expanding their access to good employers, assisting them with job training and placement, and helping them to prepare for careers that combine both mobility and job retention strategies. Moving Up or Moving On offers a compelling argument about how low-wage workers can achieve upward mobility, and how public policy can facilitate the process. Clearly written and based on an abundance of new data, this book provides concrete, practical answers to the large questions surrounding the low-wage labor market.

Futurework

Author :
Publisher : Your Domain Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Futurework by :

Download or read book Futurework written by and published by Your Domain Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Futurework provides a comprehensive, insightful look at work in America today and trends that will impact work in America tomorrow.

Change at Home, in the Labor Market, and on the Job

Author : Solomon W. Polachek
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1839099321
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Change at Home, in the Labor Market, and on the Job by : Solomon W. Polachek

Download or read book Change at Home, in the Labor Market, and on the Job written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do changes at home, in the labor market and on the job affect worker well-being? This volume of Research in Labor Economics contains eight original and insightful articles answering this question. Seven deal with demographic and labor market change, and one deals with wage differences essentially at a point in time.

Inequality and the Labor Market

Author : Sharon Block
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815738811
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Inequality and the Labor Market by : Sharon Block

Download or read book Inequality and the Labor Market written by Sharon Block and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring a new agenda to improve outcomes for American workers As the United States continues to struggle with the impact of the devastating COVID-19 recession, policymakers have an opportunity to redress the competition problems in our labor markets. Making the right policy choices, however, requires a deep understanding of long-term, multidimensional problems. That will be solved only by looking to the failures and unrealized opportunities in anti-trust and labor law. For decades, competition in the U.S. labor market has declined, with the result that American workers have experienced slow wage growth and diminishing job quality. While sluggish productivity growth, rising globalization, and declining union representation are traditionally cited as factors for this historic imbalance in economic power, weak competition in the labor market is increasingly being recognized as a factor as well. This book by noted experts frames the legal and economic consequences of this imbalance and presents a series of urgently needed reforms of both labor and anti-trust laws to improve outcomes for American workers. These include higher wages, safer workplaces, increased ability to report labor violations, greater mobility, more opportunities for workers to build power, and overall better labor protections. Inequality in the Labor Market will interest anyone who cares about building a progressive economic agenda or who has a marked interest in labor policy. It also will appeal to anyone hoping to influence or anticipate the much-needed progressive agenda for the United States. The book's unusual scope provides prescriptions that, as Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz notes in the introduction, map a path for rebalancing power, not just in our economy but in our democracy.

Generating Jobs

Author : Richard B. Freeman
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610442202
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Generating Jobs by : Richard B. Freeman

Download or read book Generating Jobs written by Richard B. Freeman and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1998-02-26 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American economy is in danger of leaving its low-skilled workers behind. In the last two decades, the wages and employment levels of the least educated and experienced workers have fallen disastrously. Where willing workers once found ready employment at reasonable wages, our computerized, service-oriented economy demands workers who can read and write, master technology, deal with customers, and much else. Improved education and training will alleviate this problem in the long run, but educating the new workforce will take a substantial national investment over many years. In the meantime, we face increasingly acute questions about how to include low-skill workers in today's economy. Generating Jobs takes a hard look at these questions, and asks whether anything can be done to improve the lot of low-skilled workers by intervening in the labor market on their behalf. These micro demand-side policies seek to improve wages and employment levels—either by lowering the costs of hiring low-skilled workers through employer subsidies, or by raising wage levels, benefit levels, or hours of employment, or by providing employment via government jobs. Although these policies are not currently popular in the U.S., they have long been used in many countries. Generating Jobs provides a clear-eyed assessment of this history, and asks if any of these policies might be applicable to the current problems of low-skilled workers in the United States. The results are surprising. Several recently touted panaceas turn out to be costly and ineffective in the American labor market. Enterprise zones, for instance, are an expensive way of moving jobs into areas of high unemployment, costing as much as $60,000 per job. Similarly, job-sharing, which has had uneven success in Europe, turns out to be ill-suited to conditions in the U.S., where wages are relatively low and workers need to work long hours to maintain income. On the other hand, a number of older, less flashy policies turn out to have real, if modest, benefits. Wage subsidies have increased employment among qualifying workers, and public employment policies can increase the number of workers from targeted groups working during the program. While acknowledging that many solutions are counterproductive, this definitive review of active labor market policies shows that many programs can offer real help. More than any rhetoric, Generating Jobs is the best guide to future action and a serious response to those who claim that nothing can be done.

Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality

Author : Janine Berg
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1784712108
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality by : Janine Berg

Download or read book Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality written by Janine Berg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour market institutions, including collective bargaining, the regulation of employment contracts and social protection policies, are instrumental for improving the well-being of workers, their families and society. In many countries, these instituti

Workforce 2020

Author : Richard W. Judy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Workforce 2020 by : Richard W. Judy

Download or read book Workforce 2020 written by Richard W. Judy and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book examines the trends that shape the economy and workforce, and combines them into a unique and fresh body of analysis; setting the record straight on the demographic makeup of the workforce in the years 2000 to 2020 and challenging the conventional wisdom on trends affecting American workers and employers.

Getting Back to Full Employment

Author : Dean Baker
Publisher : Center for Economic & Policy Research
ISBN 13 : 9780615918358
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Getting Back to Full Employment by : Dean Baker

Download or read book Getting Back to Full Employment written by Dean Baker and published by Center for Economic & Policy Research. This book was released on 2013 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While most people intuitively know that low unemployment is important to job seekers, they may not realize that high levels of employment actually would make an enormous difference in the lives of large segments of the workforce who already have jobs. Particularly in an era of historically high wage and income inequality, many in the workforce depend on full employment labor markets, and the bargaining power it provides, to secure a fair share of the economy's growth. For the bottom third or even half of the wage distribution, high levels of employment are a necessary condition for improving wages, higher incomes, and better working conditions. This book is a follow-up to a book written a decade ago by the authors, The Benefits of Full Employment (Economic Policy Institute, 2003). It builds on the evidence presented in that book, showing that real wage growth for workers in the bottom half of the income scale is highly dependent on the overall rate of unemployment. In the late 1990s, when the United States saw its first sustained period of low unemployment in more than a quarter century, workers at the middle and bottom of the wage distribution were able to secure substantial gains in real wages. When unemployment rose in the 2001 recession, and again following the collapse of the housing bubble, most workers no longer had the bargaining power to share in the benefits of growth. The book also documents another critical yet often overlooked side effect of full employment: improved fiscal conditions (without mindless budget policies like the current sequestration). Finally, in this volume, unlike the earlier one, the authors present a broad set of policies designed to boost growth and get the unemployment rate down to a level where far more workers have a fighting chance of getting ahead.

Transitions through the Labor Market

Author : Solomon W. Polachek
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1787564614
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Transitions through the Labor Market by : Solomon W. Polachek

Download or read book Transitions through the Labor Market written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains seven original and innovative articles which analyze labor market transitions, how individuals progress from school to work, choose a particular occupation, move up the job ladder, and finally withdraw from the workforce to retirement. Investigations are done by race and gender; and social implications are examined.

At Home and Abroad

Author : Francine D. Blau
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440676
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis At Home and Abroad by : Francine D. Blau

Download or read book At Home and Abroad written by Francine D. Blau and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2002-04-11 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the latter part of the 20th century, the U.S. labor market performed differently than the labor markets of the world's other advanced industrialized societies. In the early 1970s, the United States had higher unemployment rates than its Western European counterparts. But after two oil crises, rapid technological change, and globalization rocked the world's economies, unemployment fell in the United States, while increasing dramatically in other nations. At the same time, wage inequality widened more in the United States than in Europe. In At Home and Abroad, Cornell University economists Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn examine the reasons for these striking dissimilarities between the United States and its economic allies. Comparing countries, the authors find that governments and unions play a far greater role in the labor market in Europe than they do in the United States. It is much more difficult to lay off workers in Europe than in the United States, unemployment insurance is more generous in Europe, and many fewer Americans than Europeans are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Interventionist labor market institutions in Europe compress wages, thus contributing to the lower levels of wage inequality in the European Union than in the United States. Using a unique blend of microeconomic and microeconomic analyses, the authors assess how these differences affect wage and unemployment levels. In a lucid narrative, they present ample evidence that, as upheavals shook the global economy, the flexible U.S. market let wages adjust so that jobs could be maintained, while more rigid European economies maintained wages at the cost of losing jobs. By helping readers understand the relationship between different economic responses and outcomes, At Home and Abroad makes an invaluable contribution to the continuing debate about the role institutions can and should play in creating jobs and maintaining living standards.

The 21st Century at Work

Author : Lynn A. Karoly
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833034928
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis The 21st Century at Work by : Lynn A. Karoly

Download or read book The 21st Century at Work written by Lynn A. Karoly and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2004 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the forces that will continue to shape the U.S. workforce and workplace over the next 10 to 15 years? With its eye on forming sound policy and helping stakeholders in the private and public sectors make informed decisions, the U.S. Department of Labor asked RAND to look at the future of work. The authors analyze trends in and the implications of shifting demographic patterns, the pace of technological change, and the path of economic globalization.

Jobs, Earnings, and Employment Growth Policies in the United States

Author : John D. Kasarda
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400922019
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Jobs, Earnings, and Employment Growth Policies in the United States by : John D. Kasarda

Download or read book Jobs, Earnings, and Employment Growth Policies in the United States written by John D. Kasarda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John D. Kasarda By all accounts, the United States has led the world in job creation. During the past 20 years, its economy added nearly 40 million jobs while the combined European Economic Community added none. Since 1983 alone, the U. S. gener ated more than 15 million jobs and its unemployment rate dropped from 7. 5 percent to approximately 5 percent while the unemployment rate in much of western Europe climbed to double digits. Even Japan's job creation record pales in comparison to the United States'. with its annual employment growth rate less than half that of the United States over the past 15 years (0. 8 percent vs. 2 percent. ) Yet, as the U. S. economy has been churning out millions of jobs annually, con flicting views and heated debates have emerged regarding the quality of these new jobs and its implications for standards of living and U. S. economic competi tiveness. Many argue that the "great American job machine" is a "mirage" or "grand illusion. " Rather than adding productive, secure, well-paying jobs, most new employment, critics contend, consists of poverty level, dead-end, service sector jobs that contribute little or nothing to the nation's productivity and inter national competitiveness. Much of the blame is placed on Reagan-Bush policies that critics say undermine labor unions, encourage wasteful corporate restructur ing, foster exploitative labor practices, and reduce fiscal support for education and needed social services.