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Author : S. Das
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (476 download)
Download or read book Importance of Delayed Neutrons in Nuclear Research written by S. Das and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C. Redman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book An Investigation of the Delayed Neutron Decay Curves Resulting from Uranium and Plutonium Fission written by C. Redman and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Energies of the Delayed Neutrons from U235 Fission Products written by and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Measurements of Delayed Neutron Parameters for U-235 and Np-237 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delayed neutrons are emitted by excited nuclei formed in beta decay of fission products called delayed neutron precursors. About 1% of the total neutrons released in fission are delayed neutrons; however, this small fraction plays an important role in nuclear reactor control. The delayed neutrons determine the time-dependent behavior of reactors, and knowledge of parameters used to predict neutron emission rate is essential for establishing reactivity worths. The delayed neutron yields, decay constants, and the absolute yield for the six-group delayed neutrons have been measured for U-235 and Np-237. This experiment has been called for in the forecast of experiments needed to support operations in the US. The bare U-235 metal assembly Godiva IV at the Los Alamos Critical Experiment Facility (LACEF) provided the source of neutrons. Godiva IV generated about 107 total fissions in the samples for the infinite and instantaneous irradiation needed to accentuate the shorter and longer-lived groups of delayed neutrons. The detection system used in the experiment consisted of 20 He-3 tubes embedded in a polyethylene cylinder. The delayed neutron activity resulting from the fast neutron-induced fission has been measured. The measured absolute yield for U-235 was determined to be 0.0163 " 0.009 neutrons/fission. This value compares very well with the well-established Keepin absolute yield of 0.0165 " 0.0005. The newly measured absolute yield value for Np-237 was 0.0126 " 0.0007, which compares well to the recently reported value of 0.0129 " 0.0004 by Saleh and Parish. The measured values for U-235 are corroborated with period (e-folding time) versus reactivity calculations.
Author : Jinkai Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (61 download)
Download or read book Uncertainty Evaluation of Delayed Neutron Decay Parameters written by Jinkai Wang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a nuclear reactor, delayed neutrons play a critical role in sustaining a controllable chain reaction. Delayed neutron's relative yields and decay constants are very important for modeling reactivity control and have been studied for decades. Researchers have tried different experimental and numerical methods to assess these delayed neutron parameters. The reported parameter values vary widely, much more than the small statistical errors reported with these parameters. Interestingly, the reported parameters fit their individual measurement data well in spite of these differences. This dissertation focuses on evaluation of the errors and methods of delayed neutron relative yields and decay constants for thermal fission of U-235. Various numerical methods used to extract the delayed neutron parameter from the measured data, including Matrix Inverse, Levenberg-Marquardt, and Quasi-Newton methods, were studied extensively using simulated delayed neutron data. This simulated data was Poisson distributed around Keepin's theoretical data. The extraction methods produced totally different results for the same data set, and some of the above numerical methods could not even find solutions for some data sets. Further investigation found that ill-conditioned matrices in the objective function were the reason for the inconsistent results. To find a reasonable solution with small variation, a regularization parameter was introduced using a numerical method called Ridge Regression. The results from the Ridge Regression method, in terms of goodness of fit to the data, were good and often better than the other methods. Due to the introduction of a regularization number in the algorithm, the fitted result contains a small additional bias, but this method can guarantee convergence no matter how large the coefficient matrix condition number. Both saturation and pulse modes were simulated to focus on different groups. Some of the factors that affect the solution stability were investigated including initial count rate, sample flight time, initial guess values. Finally, because comparing reported delayed neutron parameters among different experiments is useless to determine if their data actually differs, methods are proposed that can be used to compare the delayed neutron data sets.
Download or read book Analytical Applications for Delayed Neutrons written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical formulations that describe the time dependence of neutron populations in nuclear materials contain delayed-neutron dependent terms. These terms are important because the delayed neutrons, even though their yields in fission are small, permit control of the fission chain reaction process. Analytical applications that use delayed neutrons range from simple problems that can be solved with the point reactor kinetics equations to complex problems that can only be solved with large codes that couple fluid calculations with the neutron dynamics. Reactor safety codes, such as SIMMER, model transients of the entire reactor core using coupled space-time neutronics and comprehensive thermal-fluid dynamics. Nondestructive delayed-neutron assay instruments are designed and modeled using a three-dimensional continuous-energy Monte Carlo code. Calculations on high-burnup spent fuels and other materials that contain a mix of uranium and plutonium isotopes require accurate and complete information on the delayed-neutron periods, yields, and energy spectra. A continuing need exists for delayed-neutron parameters for all the fissioning isotopes.
Author : Janusz Roman Mika
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Effect of Delayed Neutrons on the Spectrum of the Transport Operator written by Janusz Roman Mika and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Beno Gilbert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (299 download)
Download or read book Delayed Neutrons, Pt.II written by Beno Gilbert and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Heejun Chung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)
Download or read book A New Experimental Design and Method for Improved Delayed Neutron Data of Group Abundances written by Heejun Chung and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nuclear data on the physics of delayed neutrons coming from fission events are of key importance in reactor kinetics and safeguards applications. The accuracy of reactor kinetics calculations, reactor physics validation studies and techniques for non-destructive assay of special nuclear material are all limited by the quality of these data. The uncertainties on the delayed neutron group abundances of the longest-lived delayed neutron groups are particularly large - up to 13 % for thermal fissions of 235U, 16 % for fast fissions of 238U, and 38 % for fast fissions of 239Pu [1]. There are also several competing data sets with significant variation in values. Recent work indicates that these already large uncertainties are underestimated due to numerical instabilities in the parametric fitting methods [2]. A novel approach to experimentally measure delayed neutron group yields has been proposed by Jordan and Perret [3]. This approach combines gamma-ray scanning and delayed neutron fission rate measurement techniques. With two independent estimates of the same fission rate, a higher uncertainty delayed neutron parameters can be linked to lower uncertainty delayed gamma parameters. An experimental apparatus implementing these techniques has been designed, optimized, and built. The apparatus consists of a D-D neutron generator, a detector bundle, a sample handler, and related electronics.
Author : Aczel Regino García Ríos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)
Download or read book Measurement of the Delayed Neutron Emission Probability of 86As and 91Br written by Aczel Regino García Ríos and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear technology developments and nuclear astrophysics studies impose high data requirements on neutron-rich nuclei in terms of amount and quality. Radioactive decay data on -delayed neutron emitters are of particular relevance given the important role delayed neutrons play in both fields. In 2013, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) started Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on a reference database for beta-delayed neutron emission evaluation [170]. The database, which is in the process of publication [168], includes -delayed neutron emission probabilities for 309 nuclei, about a hundred more than Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) to date (as of July, 2020) [7,8]. But there is a long road ahead to meet the delayed neutron data requirements of nowadays nuclear science and technology. The recent large-scale theoretical evaluation by Marketinet al. [6] on 5409 neutron-rich nuclei predicts that 90% of them are -delayed neutron emitters...
Author : Thomas W. Kerlin
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128152621
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Dynamics and Control of Nuclear Reactors written by Thomas W. Kerlin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-05 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamics and Control of Nuclear Reactors presents the latest knowledge and research in reactor dynamics, control and instrumentation; important factors in ensuring the safe and economic operation of nuclear power plants. This book provides current and future engineers with a single resource containing all relevant information, including detailed treatments on the modeling, simulation, operational features and dynamic characteristics of pressurized light-water reactors, boiling light-water reactors, pressurized heavy-water reactors and molten-salt reactors. It also provides pertinent, but less detailed information on small modular reactors, sodium fast reactors, and gas-cooled reactors. Provides case studies and examples to demonstrate learning through problem solving, including an analysis of accidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi Includes MATLAB codes to enable the reader to apply the knowledge gained to their own projects and research Features examples and problems that illustrate the principles of dynamic analysis as well as the mathematical tools necessary to understand and apply the analysis Publishers Note: Table 3.1 has been revised and will be included in future printings of the book with the following data: Group Decay Constant, li (sec-1) Delayed Neutron Fraction (bi) 1 0.0124 0.000221 2 0.0305 0.001467 3 0.111 0.001313 4 0.301 0.002647 5 1.14 0.000771 6 3.01 0.000281 Total delayed neutron fraction: 0.0067
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (929 download)
Download or read book Delayed Neutrons from Fission written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Doug Reilly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780160327247
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (272 download)
Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309260434
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.
Author : James J. Duderstadt
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780471223634
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (236 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Reactor Analysis written by James J. Duderstadt and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1991-01-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classic textbook for an introductory course in nuclear reactor analysis that introduces the nuclear engineering student to the basic scientific principles of nuclear fission chain reactions and lays a foundation for the subsequent application of these principles to the nuclear design and analysis of reactor cores. This text introduces the student to the fundamental principles governing nuclear fission chain reactions in a manner that renders the transition to practical nuclear reactor design methods most natural. The authors stress throughout the very close interplay between the nuclear analysis of a reactor core and those nonnuclear aspects of core analysis, such as thermal-hydraulics or materials studies, which play a major role in determining a reactor design.
Author : Luigi Massimo
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483280284
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Physics of High-Temperature Reactors written by Luigi Massimo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of High-Temperature Reactors focuses on the physics of high-temperature reactors (HTRs) and covers topics ranging from fuel cycles and refueling strategies to neutron cross-sections, transport and diffusion theory, and resonance absorption. Spectrum calculations and cross-section averaging are also discussed, along with the temperature coefficient and reactor control. Comprised of 16 chapters, this book begins with a general description of the HTR core as well as its performance limitations. The next chapter deals with general considerations about HTR physics, including quantities to be determined and optimized in the design of nuclear reactors. Potential scattering and resonance reactions between neutrons and atomic nuclei are then considered, together with basic aspects of transport and diffusion theory. Subsequent chapters explore methods for solving the diffusion equation; slowing-down and neutron thermalization in graphite; HTR core design, fuel management, and cost calculations; and core dynamics and accident analysis. The final chapter describes the sequence of reactor design calculations. This monograph is written primarily for students of HTR physics who are preparing to enter the field as well as technologists of other disciplines who are working on the system.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Programming and Utilization of Research Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
