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Impacts Of Piscivorous Predation On Juvenile Chinook Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha And Other Salmonids In Salmon And Shilshole Bays Of Puget Sound King Co Wa
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Book Synopsis Impacts of Piscivorous Predation on Juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and Other Salmonids in Salmon and Shilshole Bays of Puget Sound, King Co. WA by : Brian Footen
Download or read book Impacts of Piscivorous Predation on Juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and Other Salmonids in Salmon and Shilshole Bays of Puget Sound, King Co. WA written by Brian Footen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Avian Predation on Juvenile Salmonids in the Columbia River by : Allen Evans
Download or read book Avian Predation on Juvenile Salmonids in the Columbia River written by Allen Evans and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To address concerns over the impact of avian predation on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River Basin, we evaluated predation probabilities on steelhead, yearling Chinook salmon, and subyearling Chinook salmon by piscivorous birds from 11 different breeding colonies. Salmonid smolts were tagged and released as part of survival studies using the Juvenile Salmonid Acoustic Telemetry System, a network of hydrophones that provided detections of acoustic-tagged fish at various spatial and temporal scales during seaward migration. Fish were released and tracked during passage through a 251 kilometer (km) section of the lower Snake River and lower Columbia River in 2012, a 192 km section of the lower Columbia River in 2014, and a 184 km section of the middle Columbia River during 2014. Detections of tagged smolts at telemetry arrays, coupled with the recovery of tags on nearby bird colonies, were used to quantify where avian predation occurred, when it occurred, and the cumulative impact of predation by colonial waterbirds on the survival of tagged fish. Results were also used to estimate unaccounted for smolt mortality (total smolt mortality - mortality due to colonial waterbirds), which was due in part to factors other than bird predation (e.g., piscine predation, mortality during dam passage, and other non-avian mortality factors)."--From summary.
Book Synopsis Direct and Indirect Effects of Predation on Juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Salmon by : Lauren Kuehne
Download or read book Direct and Indirect Effects of Predation on Juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Salmon written by Lauren Kuehne and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Predation by Sculpins on Fall Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, Fry of Hatchery Origin by : Benjamin G. Patten
Download or read book Predation by Sculpins on Fall Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, Fry of Hatchery Origin written by Benjamin G. Patten and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contaminant Exposure and Associated Biological Effects in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) from Urban and Nonurban Estuaries of Puget Sound by : Usha Varanasi
Download or read book Contaminant Exposure and Associated Biological Effects in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) from Urban and Nonurban Estuaries of Puget Sound written by Usha Varanasi and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contaminant Exposure and Associated Biological Effects in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) from Urban and Nonurban Estuaries of Puget Sound by : Usha Varanasi
Download or read book Contaminant Exposure and Associated Biological Effects in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) from Urban and Nonurban Estuaries of Puget Sound written by Usha Varanasi and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Predation on Sockeye Salmon Fry by Piscivorous Fishes in the Lower Cedar River and Southern Lake Washington by : Roger Tabor
Download or read book Predation on Sockeye Salmon Fry by Piscivorous Fishes in the Lower Cedar River and Southern Lake Washington written by Roger Tabor and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantifying the Impact of Two Native Predators on Juvenile Sockeye Salmon Survival in Lake Washington by : Casey Porter Clark
Download or read book Quantifying the Impact of Two Native Predators on Juvenile Sockeye Salmon Survival in Lake Washington written by Casey Porter Clark and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the mechanisms regulating population fluctuations, such as births, reproduction, and deaths, remains a persistent question in ecology. Mortality can be incurred at any point during the lifecycle, but mortality rates can be high for juvenile animals in particular. One source of this early life history mortality is via predation. Accurately measuring predation rates requires intensive studies, and is further complicated by variability in habitats and changes in the extent of spatial and temporal overlap between predators and prey. In this study, we examined abundance, spatial distributions and diets of two piscivorous fishes and their predation impact on juvenile salmonids in a well-studied large western lake, Lake Washington. We addressed the following questions: (i) What is the abundance of cutthroat trout and northern pikeminnow in Lake Washington? (ii) At what rates do these predators consume juvenile salmon throughout the year, and how many total juvenile salmon are consumed given the predator population size? Understanding which factors influence predation and the extent of this predatory impact requires temporally and spatially explicit data on the interaction between predators and prey, including both juvenile sockeye salmon and the main alternative prey fish species. To observe these interactions, we used several overlapping sampling types across trophic levels. We used a Chapman-modified population estimation procedure to estimate a cutthroat trout population size of 22,791 ≥300 mm FL and the same procedure to estimate a northern pikeminnow population size of 13,582 ≥300 mm FL. We also used a relative catch method to estimate a northern pikeminnow population size of 112,816 ≥300 mm FL. The magnitude of predation on juvenile salmon and other prey fishes varied considerably among months and between cutthroat trout and northern pikeminnow, between small and large size classes of each predator species, and between years. In 2015, predation mortality of lake entry 2015 (sub-yearling) sockeye salmon was 20% of fry production in that year, and predation losses of lake entry 2014 (yearling) sockeye were 56% of pre-smolt production. In 2016, mortality of lake entry 2016 (sub-yearling) sockeye was 44% of fry production, and predation losses of lake entry 2014 sockeye were 473% of pre-smolt production of that year. Our work shows that the current predation rate is high enough and these predator populations are of sufficient size that predation is a significant source of mortality for juvenile sockeye and Chinook salmon in this system. This work highlights a scenario of combined physical and biological factors that influence mortality in juvenile fish, and can potentially inform the potential for predation mortality in other lake systems.
Book Synopsis The Food Habits, Growth and Emigration of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) from a Stream-pond Environment by : Jon Joseph Lauer
Download or read book The Food Habits, Growth and Emigration of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) from a Stream-pond Environment written by Jon Joseph Lauer and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use of Off-channel Freshwater Wetlands by Juvenile Chinook and Other Salmonids by : Scott E. Anderson
Download or read book Use of Off-channel Freshwater Wetlands by Juvenile Chinook and Other Salmonids written by Scott E. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impacts of Squawfish Predation on Juvenile Chinook Salmon at Red Bluff Diversion Dam and Other Locations in the Sacramento River by : Aaron Garcia
Download or read book The Impacts of Squawfish Predation on Juvenile Chinook Salmon at Red Bluff Diversion Dam and Other Locations in the Sacramento River written by Aaron Garcia and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physiological Ecology of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Rearing in Fluctuating Salinity Environments by : Crystal R. Hackmann
Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Rearing in Fluctuating Salinity Environments written by Crystal R. Hackmann and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estuaries provide juvenile salmonids with highly productive feeding grounds, refugia from tidal fluctuations and predators, and acclimation areas for smoltification. However, these dynamic, fluctuating salinity environments may also be physiologically stressful to growing juvenile fish. In order to evaluate the costs and benefits of estuarine marshes to juvenile Chinook salmon, I observed habitat use, diet, and growth of fish in the Nehalem Estuary on the Oregon coast. I also examined physiological costs associated with salmon living in fluctuating salinities and growth rates in laboratory experiments. I collected growth, diet and osmoregulation information from juvenile Chinook salmon in three tidal marsh sites in the Nehalem Bay and from juveniles in the Nehalem River. Stomach contents indicated that a high proportion of the diet is derived from terrestrial prey. These allochthonous prey resources likely become available during the flood stages of tidal cycles when drift, emergent and terrestrial insects would become available from the grasses surrounding the water. This field study confirmed that juvenile Chinook salmon utilized fluctuating salinity habitats to feed on a wide range of items including terrestrial-derived resources. Although field studies indicate that fish in estuarine habitats grow well and have access to quality prey resources, experimental manipulations of salinities were used to quantify the physiological costs of residing in the freshwater-saltwater transitional zone. In the laboratory, I designed an experiment to investigate the physiological responses to fluctuating salinities. Experimental treatments consisted of freshwater (FW), saltwater (SW) (22-25%o); and a fluctuating salinity (SW/FW) (2 - 25%o). These treatments were based on typical salinity fluctuations found in estuarine habitats. I measured length, weight, plasma electrolytes and cortisol concentrations for indications of growth and osmoregulatory function. The fluctuating salinity treatment had a negative effect on growth rate and initial osmoregulatory ability when compared with constant freshwater and saltwater treatments. The results indicated that fluctuating salinities had a small but marginally significant reduction in growth rate, possibly due to the additional energetic requirements of switching between hyper- and hypo-osmoregulation. However, 24-hour saltwater challenge results indicated that all fish were capable of osmoregulating in full-strength seawater. In a second experiment, I manipulated feed consumption rates of juvenile spring Chinook salmon to investigate the effects of variable growth rates on osmoregulatory ability and to test the validity of RNA:DNA ratios as indication of recent growth. The treatments consisted of three different feeding rates: three tanks of fish fed 0.7 5% (LOW) body weight; three tanks fed 3% (HIGH) body weight; and three tanks were fasted (NONE) during the experiment. These laboratory results showed a significant difference in the osmoregulatory ability of the NONE treatment compared to the LOW and HIGH treatments which indicates that a reduction in caloric intake significantly effected osmoregulatory capabilities during a 24 hour saltwater challenge. Furthermore, this suggests that there is a minimum energetic requirement in order to maintain proper ion- and osmoregulation in marine conditions. Estuarine marshes have the potential to provide productive feeding grounds with sufficient prey input from terrestrial systems. However, utilization of these marshes in sub-optimal conditions could alter behavior or impair physiological condition of juvenile Chinook salmon prior to their seaward migration by providing insufficient prey resources in a potentially stressful, fluctuating environment. Therefore, the physiological costs associated with estuarine habitat use should be well understood in order to aid future restoration planning.
Book Synopsis Size-selective Mortality and Environmental Factors Affecting Early Marine Growth During Early Marine Life Stages of Sub-yearling Chinook Salmon in Puget Sound, Washington by : Madilyn Marisa Gamble
Download or read book Size-selective Mortality and Environmental Factors Affecting Early Marine Growth During Early Marine Life Stages of Sub-yearling Chinook Salmon in Puget Sound, Washington written by Madilyn Marisa Gamble and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Body size, mediated through biotic and abiotic factors affecting growth, is fundamental in determining survival as larger animals are usually less vulnerable to predation, starvation, and extreme environmental conditions (Peterson & Wroblewski 1984; Sogard 1997). Size-selective mortality is a prevalent force regulating marine survival for many anadromous salmonid species, including ESA-listed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Puget Sound, WA. The “critical size – critical period” hypothesis suggests that marine survival of anadromous Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) is controlled by two size-selective survival bottlenecks – one during the first marine summer and another during the first marine winter (Beamish and Mahnken 2001). Previous research has indicated a strong positive relationship between the size of juvenile ESA-listed Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) in Puget Sound and their survival to adulthood, indicating that early marine growth drives survival (Duffy 2009). Before investigating the drivers of early marine growth, however, it is imperative to understand whether size-selective mortality occurs prior to July in Puget Sound. If so, we may be able to augment marine survival by directing conservation and restoration efforts toward the habitats or regions of Puget Sound where size-selective mortality occurs. Additionally, we must account for any size-selective mortality in estimating early marine growth, as observed weight in July would reflect an artificially inflated “apparent” growth if smaller individuals were experiencing disproportionately high mortality. In this study, we repeatedly sampled nine stocks of both wild and hatchery-origin sub-yearling Chinook salmon during their outmigration into and rearing in Puget Sound. We used scale morphometrics to determine if size-selective mortality is affecting sub-yearling Chinook salmon during their first marine summer rearing in Puget Sound, and if so, where and when that size-selective mortality occurs. We found no evidence of size-selective mortality occurring between habitats or between sampling periods within habitats, suggesting that weight of juvenile Chinook as measured in July is representative of early marine growth and that size-selective mortality occurs later in the summer or outside Puget Sound during the first marine winter. We then focused on understanding differences in growth rates across time, among habitats, and among stocks of juvenile Chinook salmon, and used bioenergetic models to determine the relative influence of prey quality, prey availability, and temperature on early marine growth rates We found that sub-yearling Chinook were larger and grew faster in offshore than in nearshore habitats, and that this difference in growth rate was likely due to differences in prey availability and may have been exacerbated by higher nearshore temperatures. The results of this study can be used to direct restoration and conservation efforts aimed at supporting early marine growth of juvenile Chinook in Puget Sound, and can augment our understanding of distribution patterns and feeding behaviors of Pacific salmon during critical growth periods.
Book Synopsis Predation by Sculpins on Fall Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, Fry of Hatchery Origin by : Benjamin G. Patten
Download or read book Predation by Sculpins on Fall Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, Fry of Hatchery Origin written by Benjamin G. Patten and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aspects of Growth, and the Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Pen-reared Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha (Walbaum), in Puget Sound, Washington by : John Richard Moring
Download or read book Aspects of Growth, and the Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Pen-reared Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha (Walbaum), in Puget Sound, Washington written by John Richard Moring and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Influence of Bacterial Kidney Disease on Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon by : Matthew G. Mesa
Download or read book Ecological Influence of Bacterial Kidney Disease on Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon written by Matthew G. Mesa and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were experimentally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), to investigate the effects of BKD on three aspects of juvenile salmonid performance: (1) predator avoidance ability; (2) smoltification; and (3) physiological responses to stress. For these experiments, fish with different Rs-infection profiles (created by using an immersion challenge method) were sampled to assess physiological change and subjected to various performance tests during disease progression. When equal numbers of Rs-challenged and unchallenged fish were subjected to predation by northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) or smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), Rs-challenged fish were eaten in significantly greater numbers than controls by nearly two to one. A progressively worsening infection with Rs did not alter the normal changes in gill ATPase and condition factor associated with smoltification in juvenile chinook salmon. A dramatic proliferation of BKD was associated with maximal responses of indicators of smoltification, suggesting that the process of smoltification itself can trigger outbreaks of disease. When Rs-infected fish were subjected to three 60-s bouts of severe handling that were separated by 48-72 h, this experience did not lead to higher infection levels or increased mortality when compared to diseased fish that did not receive the stressors. Furthermore, the kinetics of plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate over 24-h following each stressor were similar between fish with moderate to high BKD and those that had low or no detectable infection. Fish with moderate to high Rs infections had higher titers of cortisol and lactate prior to each application of the stressor and were also unable to consistently elicit a significant hyperglycemia in response to the stressors when compared to fish with low infection levels. During all experiments, fish consistently developed decreased hematocrits and blood glucose levels and increased levels of cortisol and lactate as the disease worsened, indicating that BKD is stressful, particularly during the later stages. Collectively, these results illustrate the impact of BKD on juvenile salmonids and have also ascribed some ecological significance to this disease beyond that of direct pathogen-related mortality.
Book Synopsis Effects of Slope, Substrate, Cover, Predators, and Ontogeny on Lentic Habitat Preferences of Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, in Experimental Arenas by : Christopher J. Sergeant
Download or read book Effects of Slope, Substrate, Cover, Predators, and Ontogeny on Lentic Habitat Preferences of Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha, in Experimental Arenas written by Christopher J. Sergeant and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
