Impact Shock Sensitivity Of A Tatb Based Explosive Relevant To Specific Heat Properties

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Impact Shock Sensitivity of a TATB Based Explosive Relevant to Specific Heat Properties

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (742 download)

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Download or read book Impact Shock Sensitivity of a TATB Based Explosive Relevant to Specific Heat Properties written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a supplementary follow-on to U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM) TR-RD-SS-95-2, and Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) TR-RD-SS-99-8 that related plane impact shock sensitivity of CHNO energetic material to specific heat (Cp) per average atom magnitude and reactive temperature (TR) conditions. Specifically, plane shock energy input equal to the thermal vibratory energy increment (this is the area under the Cp versus T data curve between experimental temperature, (T sub EXP), conditions and reactive temperature conditions) is sufficient to cause shock induced reactions, up to and including detonation in energetic materials. This is demonstrated at four different test temperatures ((T SUB EXP)) for PBX-9502.

Temperature-dependent Shock Initiation of TATB-based High Explosives

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)

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Download or read book Temperature-dependent Shock Initiation of TATB-based High Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of temperature on the shock sensitivity of two TATB formulations PBX 9502 and LX-17 are studied over the temperature range -54°C to 252°C. The shock Hugoniot curves over this same temperature range are developed. Thermal expansion properties and porosities are used to help determine the mechanisms of thermal sensitization. Impact sensitivities over the range from ambient to 300°C are reported. Analyses of these results imply that thermal sensitization is the result of purely chemical kinetics enhancement and intracrystalline hot-spot growth. Additional results on the ambient shock sensitivity of PBX 9502 and LX-17 following thermal cycling to 252°C and back to ambient is presented.

Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2007

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Author : Mark Elert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 778 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (86 download)

Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2007 by : Mark Elert

Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--2007 written by Mark Elert and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5

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Author : Blaine Asay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540879536
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

Book Synopsis Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 by : Blaine Asay

Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.

A Literature Review of Shock Sensitivity Changes of TATB Due to Thermal Cycling

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (958 download)

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Download or read book A Literature Review of Shock Sensitivity Changes of TATB Due to Thermal Cycling written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insensitive high explosives (IHEs) based on 1,3,5-triamino 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene (TATB) are the IHEs of choice for use in nuclear warheads over conventional high explosives when safety is the only consideration, because they are very insensitive to thermal or mechanical initiation stimuli. It is this inherent insensitivity to high temperatures, shock, and impact, which provides detonation design challenges when designing TATB explosive systems while at the same time providing a significant level of protection against accidental initiation. Although classified as IHE, over the past few years the focus on explosive safety has demonstrated that the shock sensitivity of TATB is influenced with respect to temperature. A number of studies have been performed on TATB and TATB formulations, plastic bonded explosives (PBX) 9502, and LX-17-01 (LX-17), which demonstrates the increase in shock sensitivity of the explosive after it has been preheated or thermally cycled over various temperature ranges. Many studies suggest the change in sensitivity is partly due to the decomposition rates of the temperature elevated TATB. Others point to the coefficient of thermal expansion, the crystalline structures of TATB and/or the combination of all factors, which create voids which can become active hot spots. During thermal cycling, TATB is known to undergo an irreversible increase in specific volume called ratchet growth. This increase in specific volume correlates to a decrease in density. This decrease in density and increase in volume, demonstrate the creations of additional void spaces which could serve as potential new initiation hot spots thus, increasing the overall sensitivity of the HE. This literature review evaluates the published works to understand why the shock sensitivity of TATB-based plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) changes with temperature.

Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials

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Author : S.N. Bulusu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400920350
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

Book Synopsis Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials by : S.N. Bulusu

Download or read book Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials written by S.N. Bulusu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a collection of lectures presented at the NATO Advanced study Institute(ASI) on "Chemistry & Physics of the Molecular Processes in Energetic Materials", held at Hotel Torre Normanna, Altavilla Milicia, Sicily, Italy, September 3 to 15, 1989. The institute was attended by seventy participants including twenty lecturers, drawn from thirteen countries. The purpose of the institute was to review the major ad vances made in recent years in the theoretical and experi mental aspects of explosives and propellants. In accordance with the format of the NATO ASI, it was arranged to have a relatively small number of speakers to present in depth, re view type lectures emphasizing the basic research aspects of the subject, over a two week period. Most of the speakers gave two lectures, each in excess of one hour with addition al time for discussions. The scope of the meeting was limit ed to molecular and spectroscopic studies since the hydro dynamic aspects of detonation and various performance crite ria of energetic materials are often covered adequately in other international meetings. An attempt was made to have a coherent presentation of various theoretical, computational and spectroscopic approaches to help a better understanding of energetic materials from a molecular point of view. The progress already made in these areas is such that structure property (e. g.

Shock Initiation of UF-TATB at 250°C.

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)

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Download or read book Shock Initiation of UF-TATB at 250°C. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shock initiation properties of pure ultrafine grade triaminotrinitrobenzne (UF-TATB) pressed to an initial density of 1.80 g/cm3 and fired at ambient temperature and 250 C are reported. Embedded manganin pressure gauges are used to measure the pressure histories during the buildup to detonation at several input pressures. The ambient temperature results confirm previous run distance to detonation versus shock pressure results. UF-TATB at 250 C is shown to be much more shock sensitive than it is at ambient temperature. At high impact pressures, the shock sensitivity of UF-TATB at 250 C approaches that of HMX-based explosives under ambient conditions. Ignition and Growth reactive flow models are developed for UF-TATB at both temperatures to allow predictions to be made for other scenarios.

Computational Quantum Physics and Chemistry of Nanomaterials

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Author : Mojmír Šob
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036501347
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

Book Synopsis Computational Quantum Physics and Chemistry of Nanomaterials by : Mojmír Šob

Download or read book Computational Quantum Physics and Chemistry of Nanomaterials written by Mojmír Šob and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue of Nanomaterials collects a series of original research articles providing new insight into the application of computational quantum physics and chemistry in research on nanomaterials. It illustrates the extension and diversity of the field and indicates some future directions. It provides the reader with an overall view of the latest prospects in this fast evolving and cross-disciplinary field

The Effects of Confinement and Temperature on the Shock Sensitivity of Solid Explosives

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Download or read book The Effects of Confinement and Temperature on the Shock Sensitivity of Solid Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of heavy steel confinement on the shock sensitivity of pressed solid high explosives heated to temperatures close to thermal explosion conditions were quantitatively measured. Cylindrical flyer plates accelerated by a 101 mm diameter gas gun impacted preheated explosive charges containing multiple embedded manganin pressure gauges. The high explosive compositions tested were LX-04-01 (85 wt.% HMX and 15 wt.% Viton A) heated to 170 ° C and LX-17 (92.5 wt.% TATB and 7.5 wt.% Kel-F) heated to 250 ° C. Ignition and Growth reactive flow models for heated, heavily confined LX-04-01 and LX-17 were formulated based on the measured pressure histories. LX-17 at 250 ° C is considerably less shock sensitive when confined by steel than when confined by aluminum or unconfined. LX-04-01 at 170 ° C is only slightly less shock sensitive when confined by steel than when it is unconfined. The confinement effect is smaller in LX-04-01, because HMX particle growth i s much less than that of TATB.

Chemical Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2626 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sensitivity Relationships in Energetic Materials

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Download or read book Sensitivity Relationships in Energetic Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In searching for new explosives one is most concerned with performance (detonation velocity and pressure), thermal properties, and sensitivity. Whether a new candidate explosive is ultimately widely used may well be determined by other factors, such as cost, toxicity, melting point, etc., but the initial research effort is guided by the trinity of performance, thermal stability, and sensitivity. This presents a difficult multifactoral problem in assessing the various molecular properties that contribute to each of these principal selection criteria. For instance, detonation velocity is affected by density, elemental composition, and heat of formation. These factors must be varied together in such a way as to maximize the combined effect on performance. We have shown a relationship between impact and shock sensitivity and illustrated how a sensitivity index based on oxygen balance can be used to estimate sensitivity in closely related series of molecules. It is shown that the critical temperature of an explosive calculated by the Frank-Kamenetskii equation correlated fairly well with the shock sensitivity of the material. This supports the idea that the shock or impact initiation of an explosive is primarily a thermal event and not dominated by pressure driven chemistry. The concept of the ''trigger linkage'' in explosives is discussed and it is pointed out that insensitive explosives will require early chemistry that is thermomechanically neutral or endothermic and leads to the build-up of later strongly exothermic chemistry.

Explosive Effects and Applications

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Author : Jonas A. Zukas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387955582
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (555 download)

Book Synopsis Explosive Effects and Applications by : Jonas A. Zukas

Download or read book Explosive Effects and Applications written by Jonas A. Zukas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a broad-based text on the fundamentals of explosive behavior and the application of explosives in civil engineering, industrial processes, aerospace applications, and military uses.

The Sensitivity, Performance, and Material Properties of Some High Explosive Formulations

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Author : Thomas S. Costain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

Book Synopsis The Sensitivity, Performance, and Material Properties of Some High Explosive Formulations by : Thomas S. Costain

Download or read book The Sensitivity, Performance, and Material Properties of Some High Explosive Formulations written by Thomas S. Costain and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work reported represents part of a continuing effort to determine the important characteristics of some explosives as they pertain to performance in ammunition. Tests were conducted to determine the fragment velocity, blast pressure, detonation velocity, sensitivity to impact and friction, thermal stability, mechanical strength, and thermal expansion of each explosive. Tests were applied to TNT and TNT-based compositions including Composition B, Composition B-3, 75/25 Cyclotol, 70/30 Octol, 75/25 Octol, 80/20 Tritonal, H-6 HBX-3, and HTA-4; and plastic- or wax-bonded compositions including LX-04-1, PBX 9010, PBX Types A and B, PBX 9404, Comp A-3, PBXN-1, PBXN-3, 95/5 HMX/Kel F- 800, Composition C-4, and 86/14 RDX/Wax.

LASL Explosive Property Data

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Author : Terry R. Gibbs
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520040120
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

Book Synopsis LASL Explosive Property Data by : Terry R. Gibbs

Download or read book LASL Explosive Property Data written by Terry R. Gibbs and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

ERDA Energy Research Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Research Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1995

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Author : S. C. Schmidt
Publisher : A I P Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1995 by : S. C. Schmidt

Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1995 written by S. C. Schmidt and published by A I P Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: